CLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL‐LOCALCLIMATE CHANGE, NATIONAL LOCALPOLICY FRAMEWORKS AND ACTIONS

Feb. 16, 2009

Kazuhiko TAKEMOTOVice‐Minister

for Global Environmental Affairs

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Ministry of the Environment 

CONTENTS

1. Framework for Achieving a Low-Carbon Society

2. Actions to Achieve Kyoto Protocol Targets

3. Incorporation of Actions on Climate Change into Urban Structures

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1. Framework for Achieving L C b S i ta Low-Carbon Society

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Action Plan for Achieving a Low-Carbon Society(Cabinet Decision, July 29, 2008)

○ 60～80 % Reduction from resent level by 2050○ To Announce mid-term target at appropriate timing in 2009 (by June this year)

１．Target Setting

To Announce mid term target at appropriate timing in 2009 (by June this year)

○ Technology Development: CCS

2.  Technologies

○ Technology Dissemination: Solar power generation, Low-emission Vehicles, Low-energy Lamps,Energy-efficient Housing and Buildings, and 200-year Housing

○ Experimental Introduction of Domestic Market for Emissions Trading

3.  Policy Instruments

○ Greening Tax System: Possible Introduction of Carbon Tax○ Visualization: Carbon Footprint and Carbon Offsetting

4.  Local and Citizen’s Initiatives

○ Low carbon cities and Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST)○ Public Participation 4

Towards a Low-Carbon Society

◆Research on Environment and Economics◆A large‐scale research on environment and economics to develop further

Policy Development

A large scale research on environment and economics to develop further effective environmental policies: Stern Report for Japan

P li I

◆Policies in Favor of Environment and Economy ◆Ex Emissions Trading System Environmental Tax Carbon Offsetting

Policy Instruments

Ex. Emissions Trading System, Environmental Tax, Carbon Offsetting, Eco‐Action Points, Green Certificates, Eco‐Business, Environmentally Sound Contracts

◆Model Cities◆Future Model Development by Implementation of Projects through 

Implementation

p y p j gEnvironmental Model Cities 

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2. Actions to Achieve Kyoto Protocol TargetsKyoto Protocol Targets

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in JapanJapanese emissions for 2007(Provisional Data) were 8.7% above those of the base year, meaning reductions of 9 3% are needed to meet the 6% reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol

Emissions（billion tons of

1.371 billion tons ＜+2.3% to the previous FY＞（＋8.7%）

1.34 billion tons

reductions of 9.3% are needed to meet the 6% reduction commitment under the Kyoto Protocol. (Given the operating rate at nuclear power plants was 84.2%, needed emissions reduction is 4.3%)

Needs 9 3% of

1.3

（billion tons of CO2）

5.0%

1.261 billion tons

3.1%Temporary effect by shutdown of nuclear power

4.8% 2.8%2.3%

（+3.7%）

(+6.3%)

(Given the nuclear power operating rate （+3.2%

）

Needs 9.3% of emissions reduction

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1.2

Targets:Forest sink: 3.8%Kyoto mechnisms:1.6%

Given the nuclear power operating rate was 84.2%

1.308 billion tons

<+0.5% to the previous FY>

1.254 billion tons （-0.6%）

po e ope at g atewas 84.2%)Needs 4.3% of reduction

）

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1.

1.186 billion tons （-6%）

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1.0

Base Year (In principle 1990)

2007Provisional

Data

Kyoto Protocol Reduction

Commitment（2008 -

FY2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 7

Units million tons of COUnits: million tons of CO2

Trends in COTrends in CO22 Emissions from Energy by Sectors and the Targets for 2010Emissions from Energy by Sectors and the Targets for 2010

500

Industrial Sector (Factories etc )

Units: million tons of CO2

1990 Change form 1990

2007(Provisional

Data)

Reduction Rate to meet

Target

Targets(*)

for 2010

400 Industrial Sector (Factories, etc.)

482 －1.3% 476 －10.1%～－11.0% 424～428

300 Transportation Sector (Vehicles, Ships, etc.)

C i l d Oth S t

217 +14.6% 249 －2.4%～－3.8% 240～243

9 8%200

Commercial and Other Sector(Office Buildings, etc.) 164 +41.7% 233 －9.8%～

－10.8% 208～210

127 +41 1% 180 －21.4%～ 138 141

100 Residential Sector

Energy Conversion Sector

127 +41.1% 180 －23.1% 138～141

68 +17.7% 80 －17.0% 66

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

8(*) As a target guide for emissions, a maximum predicted effect and a minimum predicted effect for

reduction measures have been established. Naturally, the goal is to try and achieve the maximum effect; however, even if only the minimum effect is achieved, it has been formulated so that it will at least meet Japan’s targets under the Kyoto Protocol.

Framework of the Kyoto Protocol Target Achievement Plan

Measures and Policies for Achieving Targets

1. Direct Actions(1) Measures and Policies relating to GHG Emissions Reduction[Examples of Primary Additional Measures]

Promotion of voluntary action plans

g g

Promotion of voluntary action plansIncreased energy-saving performance of houses and buildingsImprovement of energy efficiency of equipment that meets Top-runner Standards, etc.Ensuring thorough energy management at factories and offices, etc.Improvement of automobile fuel efficiencyPromotion of emissions reduction measures amongst small and medium-sized enterpriseMeasures for the agriculture, forestry and fisheries, water and sewage, traffic flow, etc.Measures for urban greening, waste, and Three Fluorinated Gases (HFCs, PFCs and SF6), etc.Promotion introduction of new energy sources

(2) Sink Measures(2) Sink MeasuresForest management such as tree thinning, promotion of the “Beautiful Forest Building National Campaign”

2. Cross-sector PoliciesSystems for Calculation, Reporting and Public Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas EmissionsD l t f ti l iDevelopment of national campaigns

Issues needing to be addressed promptlyDomestic Emissions Trading SystemEnvironment taxDeparture from late-night work and lifestylesIntroduction of daylight savings

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3. Incorporation of Actions Cli Chon Climate Change

into Urban Structuresinto Urban Structures

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To incorporate environmental dimension into urban structures

11Ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ ａ Ｌｏｗ－ｃａｒｂｏｎＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ

To incorporate environmental dimension into urban structures

Environmentally Sound Urbanization

Nature-oriented approaches

Water frontiers

Sound environment

Human sense-oriented

Enhancing environment by public participation

11National Strategy towards Sustainable Society,

(Cabinet Decision, June 1, 2007)

○ Responsible for emission reduction from local ○Responsible for developing policies to reduce

Role of Local Governments by Climate Change Law,(2008 Amendment)

Responsible for emission reduction from local government‐owned facilities in a planned manner

Responsible for developing policies to reduce area‐wide emissions by prefectures and large cities  

To formulate action plans to d i i f i i i f

○To formulate action plans to promote policies 

Local Implementation Plans

reduce emissions from activities of local governments 

and measures to reduce emissions in the areas; renewable energy, environmentally sound transport

○To reflect these efforts to urban planning and agriculture development planning

C lt ti ith t k h ld l lConsultation with stakeholders; local government agencies, citizens, enterprises, community centers ※Newly amended articles

Support from 

Government

Local Center for Climate Change 

ActionsImplementations 12

IIMPLEMENTATION

Case 1: Cool City Pilot Projects (MOE)

Case 2: Low‐Carbon City Model Projects (MOE)

Case 3: Environmental Model Cities(Prime Minister’s Office)(Prime Minister s Office)

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Case 1: Cool City Pilot Projects

Objectives

To support private sectors in deployingFacilities to mitigate heat island effect;

•Painting to reflect sunshine,•Heat pumps,•Planting roofs, and •Greening walls

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Cool City Pilot Project

Painting to reflect sunshine

Greening roofs and walls

Planting

and walls

Watering

Air‐condition by geo‐thermal energythermal energy

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Cool City Pilot Project

Supporting System

1．Beneficiary： Private Enterprisesy p

2．Qualified Projects: Projects to mitigate j j gheat island effect and GHG emissions

3．Allocation: Government:1/2, Beneficiary:1/2y

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Before After

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Case 2:Low-Carbon City Model Projects

ObjectivesTo reform existing urban structures to low-carbon ones through full use of introduction of EST, renewable energies and reducing car traffic demand

BackgroundClimate Change Law, Amendment, June 2008

○ It required local governments to formulate the Action Plans to reduce area

g

○ It required local governments to formulate the Action Plans to reduce area-wide GHGs emissions by enhanced introduction of renewable energies, public transportation systems and planting, and

○ Policies and measures are to be reflected to urban plans and agriculture development plans

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Carbon Intensity Comparison

Kochi City Maebashi CityKochi City Maebashi City

高知市 前橋市高知市 前橋市

0.87t-CO2/person 1.21t-CO2/CO2/person

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Low-Carbon City Model Projects

Implementation Scheme

Implementation Committee; Local Government, MOE MLITS Ad i

p ; ,Transport sectors, Business sectors, Citizens

MOE MLITSupport Advice

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Low-Carbon City Model Projects

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Case 3: Environmental Model Cities

To support cities and municipalities

(Prime Minister’s Office)

To support cities and municipalities in challenging advanced activities

with ambitious GHG emissions reduction targets

Model development  fora Low‐carbon Society

Sharing good practiceswith other cities anda Low carbon Society

by reducing GHG emissionswith keeping rich city life

with other cities and with cities overseas 

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Environmental Model Cities

Group 1(July, 2008)

Six(6) Cities  Yokohama, Kita‐kyushu, Obihiro,Toyama Shimokawa Minamata

Group 1(July, 2008)

Toyama, Shimokawa, Minamata

Group 2 (Jan. 2009)

Seven(7) CitiesKyoto, Sakai, Iida, Toyoda, Yusuhara, Miyako, Chiyoda‐ku

Selected cities are required to formulate Action Plansto implement policies and measures from April 2009  

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Environmental Model CitiesS t f MOESupports from MOE

○Promotion of EST and Renewable energies,

○Supports through Low Carbon City Model Projects○Supports through Low-Carbon City Model Projects,

○Supports through Cool City Pilot Projects,

○Supports to Eco-housing and Eco-schools,

○Supports to Local Government in Leasing FCVs, andpp g ,

○Sharing Experience with Other Cities including Overseas Cities

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Global Environment Research Fund for “Low-Carbon Society

• Low‐Carbon Society is a crucial path to implement “National Strategy for Sustainable Society” (Cabinet Decision, 2007).

•Special funds are allocated to support applied researches on policies and measures towards a low•Special funds are allocated to support applied researches on policies and measures towards a low‐carbon society under Global Environment Research Fund

Researches on LowResearches on Low‐‐Carbon Carbon 

To contribute to urban policiesin response to GHGs emission

SocietySociety

Research on

Nature conservation

Rural Area Projects

Urban Plan

in response to GHGs emission reduction through assessing a variety of actions

Research on low-carbon society

Industrial Structure

j

StructureEST

Long-term sinariosdevelopment

Low-Carbon Society 25

CONCLUSION (1)

Japan has been committed to its policy development towards a low carbon societydevelopment towards a low‐carbon society (LCS) at the highest political level,

Local governments play an important role in implementing P&Ms towards LCS, p g ,

It is crucial to incorporate environmental pdimensions including climate change into urban plans and structures,

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CO C S O (2)CONCLUSION (2)

It is important to disseminate lessons learned from model city approaches to the world, and

Research activities are expected to contribute to policy developmentcontribute to policy development towards LCS.

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THANK YOU!

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