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Nuclear Free Local Authorities seminar in Cardiff council, 24 October 2012
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a100%renewable
future
“When I look at this data, the trend is perfectly in line with a temperature increase of 6 degrees Celsius , which would have …
…devastating consequences for the planet.”
“We have 5 years to change the energy system…
…or have it changed”
Fatih Birol
IEA Chief Economist
~ 2.7% p.a. last 100yrs
~ 3.5% p.a. 2000-2007
~ 5.9% 2009-2010
~ 3.2 % 2010-2011
(A1FI has mean growth of 2.2% p.a. to 2020)
Things are getting worse!
Global CO2 emission trends?
The State of Play
“To hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius, and take action to meet this objective consistent with science”
Copenhagen Accord (2009)
Committee on Climate Change global budget has 56% chance of exceeding 2C
UK Government adopts a pathway with a 63% chance of exceeding 2C
The Challenge
CO2 stays in atmosphere for 100+ years 2050 reduction unrelated to avoiding dangerous
climate change (2°C) It is cumulative emissions that matter (i.e. carbon
budget) This fundamentally rewrites the chronology of
climate change- from long term gradual reductions- to urgent & radical reductions
UK’s target: 80% reduction in CO2e by 2050EU 60%-80% 2050Bali 50% 2050
The Challenge
“… it is difficult to envisage anything other than a planned economic recession being compatible with stabilisation at or below 650ppmv CO2e.”
Anderson & Bows 2008
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Em
issi
ons
of g
reen
hous
e ga
ses
(GtC
O2e
)
0
20
40
60
80
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Em
issi
ons
of g
reen
hous
e ga
ses
(GtC
O2e
)
0
20
40
60
80
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Em
issi
ons
of g
reen
hous
e ga
ses
(GtC
O2e
)
0
20
40
60
80
Low DL
Low DH
Medium DL
Medium DH
High DL
High DH
2015 peak 2020 peak 2025 peak
Anderson & Bows. 2008 Philosophical Transactions A of the Royal Society. 366. pp.3863-3882)
Total Greenhouse Gas Emission PathwaysAR4 – 450ppmv CO2e stabilisation cumulative emission range
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Em
issio
ns o
f C
O 2 a
lon
e (
GtC
O 2)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 2015 peak Medium DL
2015 peak High DL
2015 peak High DH
2020 peak High DL
2020 peak High DH
Even then total
decarbonisation by
~2035-45
necessary
… and for energy emissions?(with 2020 peak)
13 of 18 scenarios
‘impossible’
10-20% annual reductions – even for a high probability of exceeding 2°CGlobally: no emission
space for coal, gas, or shale – even with CCS!
a100%renewable
future
Anderson-Bows: (CO2 only)(Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions – Jan 2011
~40% chance of exceeding 2°C)
Growth 3.5% p.a
Peak 2025
Reduction 7% p.a. (2x Stern!)
Anderson-Bows: (CO2 only)(Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions – Jan 2011
~40% chance of exceeding 2°C)
Anderson-Bows: (CO2 only)(Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions – Jan 2011
~40% chance of exceeding 2°C)
Peak ~2010
Reduction ∞% p.a.
Anderson-Bows: (CO2 only)(Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions – Jan 2011
~40% chance of exceeding 2°C)
The Problems All scenarios showing avoidance of dangerous climate
change use Bio-carbon capture and storage to give negative emissions (geoengineering)
Most scenarios showing avoidance of dangerous climate change use a large expansion of nuclear power
Assumptions about ‘big’ technology naively optimistic Recent historical emissions massaged Short-term emissions growth seriously downplayed Reduction rate universally dictated by economists Annex 1/Non-Annex 1 split neglected or hidden Senior Government Advisor: “We can’t tell [ministers
and politicians that 2oC is] not possible”
And 4oC? Emissions must peak no later than 2020 A 3.5% pa reduction in energy emissions is imperative At least it’s achievable…
The Downside For 4°C global mean surface temperature 5°C - 6°C global land mean And an increase on the hottest days of:
6°C - 8°C in China 8°C - 10°C in Central Europe 10°C -12°C in New York
And in low latitudes 4°C gives up to 40% reduction in maize and rice as population heads towards 9 billion by 2050
The SituationThere is a widespread view that a 4°C future is incompatible with an organised global community
is likely to be beyond ‘adaptation’
is devastating to the majority of eco-systems
and has a high probability of not being stable (i.e. 4°C would be an interim temperature on the way to a much higher equilibrium level).
Consequently… 4°C should be avoided at all costs
Energy Emissions 10% reduction year-on-year
Impossible?
Approximately 50% of emissions caused by 1% of global population
Including *probably* everyone in this roomAnyone who ever sets foot on a planeAnyone in the UK earning over ~£30k
And Wales?
Wales leading the way
“Wales is a definite leader in promoting sustainable development”
Wales leading the way?Installed capacity of wind, wave and solar (normalised to 2003)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
EnglandNorthern IrelandScotlandWales
Wales leading the way?Installed capacity of wind, wave and solar (partly normalised to 2003)
2003200420052006200720082009201020110
5
10
15
20
25
South EastEast MidlandsEast West MidlandsLondonNorth WestNorth EastSouth WestYorkshire and the HumberWales
Wales leading the way?Non-renewable installed capacity per capita (2005-2011)
(MW per 1000 people)
a100%renewable
future
dim mwy o nwy
Slides 3, 12 and 28 http://www.flickr.com/photos/primed_minister/2306496568/ Slides 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 Kevin Anderson, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research (with permission)Slide 24 http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2012/09/25/jonathon-porritt-wales-is-a-definite-leader-in-promoting-sustainable-development-91466-31898347/Slide 29 http://www.climate-justice-now.org/leave-it-in-the-ground-cop17-illustration/
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