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7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Greening the Development toCombat Climate Change
Dr. Rajeswar JonnalagaddaDirector (Training & Research)Centre for Climate Change and Environment Advisory (CCCEA)Dr. MCR HRD Institute of APRoad # 25, Jubilee Hills. HyderabadMobile: 9490381992 / 9248032072
Email: [email protected]@gmail.com
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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The Journey of Development
Economy as the Engine of Development
Energy as the fuel for DevelopmentEquity as a sort of Seating Arrangement for allthe Commuters
Environment, as the Green-Track, withSignboards
Entropy manifested in Pollution and Disorder
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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An Introspective of DevelopmentPrinciple of Social-Ecology
Appropriation of Natural Resources andInstitutions
Social-Darwinism
Genetic Determinism and Eugenics
Structural Violence as defined byJohan Galtung
Unlike direct violence, structural violence is theinstitutionalized impairment of basic securities
Historic Examples
Current Examples
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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The Giant Footprint of EconomicGrowth
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Climate Change
What is It?
Established Anthropogenic ContributionImplications of Climate Change
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Impact of climate change on waterresourcesDecline in the glaciers and the snowfields in theHimalayasIncreased drought like situations due to overall
decrease in the number of rainy days over a major part ofthe countryIncreased flood events due to overall increase in therainy day intensityEffect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to
increased flood and drought eventsInfluence on groundwater recharge due to changes inprecipitation and evapo-transpirationIncreased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifersdue to rising sea levels
10/11/2013 CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Implications of Climate Change
Loss of weather-sensitive LivelihoodsHunger and Starvation
Poor Water & Sanitation ConditionsNexus between Poverty, Malnutrition and MorbidityResurgence of Tropical Communicable DiseasesDisplacement and Migration due to Frequent Floodsand Droughts.
Rise in sea-level and Intrusion of Sea water intoCoastal LandsClimate change has become a major hurdle in theaccomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals(especially MDGs 1 & 7) in India
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Climate Change Vulnerability
Climate Change Vulnerability is defined as
the extent to which climate change maydamage or harm a system.
It depends not only on a systems sensitivity,but also on its ability to adapt to new climatic
conditions
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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CCVI: IPCC DefinitionThe extent to which a natural or social system issusceptible to sustaining damage from climate
change.Vulnerability Index is a function of:The magnitude of climate change,
The sensitivity of the system to changes in climate and
The ability to adapt the system to changes in climateA highly vulnerable system is one that is highlysensitive to modest changes in climate and one for
which the ability to adapt is severely constrained
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Climate Change Vulnerability Index Map
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
http://www.maplecroft.com/about/news/ccvi.html7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Indias Vulnerability to DisastersIndia supports 1/6th of the worlds population on just2% ofworls landmassNearly 59 % ofIndias land area is prone to earthquakesof moderate to very high intensityOver 40 million hectares (12 % of land), is prone tofloodsClose to 5700 km of its 7500 km coast line (about 76%),is cyclone prone and exposed to tsunamis and storm
surges2% of land is landslide prone68% ofIndias arable land is affected by droughts
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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HUNGaMA on Food Security
Development that is anamolous
42% of children in India are underweight andmalnourished
One-Third of children in Andhra Pradesh provincein India are malnourished
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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The Carbon Footprint of Agricultureand Forestry
Agriculture accounts for 13.5 percent of all GHGemissionsLand use change and forestry represent 17.4percent of all GHG emissionsThus, AFOLU account for more than 30% of the
total anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG)emissionsAgriculture accounts for about 60% of N2O and50% of CH4 emissions
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
Climate change may reduce irrigated wheat yield by 30percent
Climate change may reduce irrigated rice yield by 15percent
Climate change may reduce tropical rain-fed agriculturalyield by 50 percent
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Mitigation potential of Agriculture and Forestry
Mitigation of GHG emissions in Agriculture and forestry
may be seen as a co-benefit whilst increasing productivityin a climate-resilient manner
Mitigation potential of Agriculture 5.56 GtCO2e/yr
This is equivalent to more than a fifth of the fossil carbon
contribution to the global carbon emissionsMitigation potential of Forestry 5.4 GtCO2e/yr
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Transportation: Cause/Consequence ofUrbanization?Peak private vehicular density has already crossed170 vehicles per lane kilometer 50 percent higherthan the basic requirement.
On current trends, over the next 20 years, peakvehicular densities may reach as high as 610 vehiclesper lane kilometer, requiring up to five hours for anaverage journey in peak morning traffic.
Reverse Migration possible with IntegratedTransport Planning
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Unique features of IndianTransportation
Dominance of 2-wheelers makes a shift to publictransport much more difficult to achieveRising income creates an urge to own a personalvehicle (Declining number of two-wheelers,substituted by cars)Poor social image of the bus usage
Disrespect to NMTOut of 85 cities with over 0.5 million people, only 20have a structured bus service
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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National Policies Related toEnvironment & Climate Change
Indian Energy Conservation Act 2001 and BEE
National Water Policy, 2002
Disaster Management Act, 2005National Environmental Policy, 2006
National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007
National Bio-Fuels Policy, 2008.
Indian Forest Rights Act, 2008Coastal Regulation Zone, 2011
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Conventional Policy Frameworks: aCommon man critique
Mostly ad-hoc and reactive more as anafterthought rather than proactive and futuristic
Learning through doing if not trial and error
Marrying in haste and repenting in leisure
Tend to be incremental with piece-meal
approach, averse to Paradigm-shifts, therebytrying to postpone the inevitable
Inherently open-ended leaving scope for gaps(if not lapses) in execution
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Response to Climate Change
Mitigation & Adaptation: a Dual Approach toTackle Climate Change
Mitigation is more of a Top-Down, Market-Mediated, Technological solution to Climate Change
Adaptation involves Multi-stakeholder
Governance and Management with a Bottom-UpApproach
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Adaptation to Climate Change Involves
Living with climate change by means of
Food SecurityWater Security and Sanitation
Health Security
Livelihood Security
Energy Security and EmpowermentEquity
Inclusive Growth
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC)
National Solar MissionNational Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
National Water Mission
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan EcosystemNational Mission for a Green India
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
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Interdependence of Inclusive-Growth& Adaptation to Climate Change
Both involve peripheral and marginalizedcommunities.
Institutionalized Empowerment of stake-holders
Bottom-up approachPeople Centric and pro-poor
Both emphasize on decentralized developmentfor less carbon-intensive economic growth
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
7/27/2019 Climate Change and Governance - Foundation Course
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Need for a New Development ManifestoGoing Beyond Money-Metric Methods, in prioritizing theDevelopment Indices
Renewable Energies for a Conservation-based Development
Benign Technology and Sustainable EconomyInformed Consent and Involvement of Stake-Holders inDecision-Making
Participatory Democracy for a Decentralized and Bottom-
Up DevelopmentInclusiveGrowth
Less Carbon Intensive Growth
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
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Green Balance
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)
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Thank you
10/11/2013CCCEA/Director (Training & Research)