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Dr. Md. Abdus Salam
Research Fellow, Texas A&M University
Professor, Department of Aquaculture
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
Bangladesh
Climate Change and Fisheries in Bangladesh: Impact and
Adaptation
Out line of the presentation
Background
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion and
Recommendation
Background
Bangladesh is a riverine country crisscrossed by 700 large and small rivers
Fish and fisheries resources play a vital role in the socio-economic development of the country
The sector contributes 63% animal protein, 5.3% to GDP and 12% of the total foreign exchange earnings
10% people including 1.3 million full time fishers are dependent on fisheries for their livelihoods
Background (cont.)
However, climate change is directly or indirectly affecting fishery production
Fish reproduction, growth and migration patterns are affected by temperature, rainfall and hydrology
It has adversely affected both fresh water and marine fisheries of Bangladesh
This presentation is about climate change and its impacts on fisheries resources of Bangladesh
Impact of CC on Fisheries and Aquaculture
Less rain fall
Background (cont.)
Low water,
increased
fishing
pressure
Fluctuating
Rain, less
fish growth
Lost aquatic
biodiversityFish don’t
breed
High Temp.,
dries up water
bodies
To know the impact on hatchery and nurseryoperation and fish farming and fisheries activities
To know the socio-economic impacts on hatchery,nursery and aquaculture operations and on the fishingcommunities due to climate change; and
To find out the adaptive measures for sustainableaquaculture production and fish harvesting from thenature
The overall objectives of this study was to assess the CC impact on fisheries and aquaculture activities and livelihood of the stakeholders
Hence the specific objectives were:
Objectives
Materials and Methods
Selection of study area
Target Groups and sampling procedure for fisheries activities
Sl. No. District Upazila Sample size FGD
01 Rajshahi Bagmara 10 3
02 Naowgaon Manda 10 3
03 Natore Gurudaspur 10 3
Target Groups and sampling procedure for fish farming activities
Sl.
No.
Types of fish
farming
Trishal
(sample size)
Bhaluka
(sample size)
Muktagacha
(sample size)
FGD
(No)
04 Fish farmers 15 15 15 3
05 Hatchery owners 5 5 5 3
06 Nursery owners 5 5 5 3
Materials and Methods (cont.)
Results and Discussion
Criteria Trishal Valuka Muktagacha
Type of fish farms
Pangus 73.33 53.33 46.66
Carps 13.33 20.00 6.66
Tilapia 6.66 13.33 13.33
Cat fishes 0.00 13.33 13.33
Thai Koi (perch) 6.66 0.00 20.00
Native fishes 0.00 0.00 0.00
Size of farms (dec.)
< 400 26.66 20.00 26.66
400 to 800 26.66 40.00 33.33
800 to 1200 40.00 33.33 33.33
> 1200 6.66 6.66 6.66
Year of established
< 5 20.00 26.66 33.33
5 to 10 53.33 33.33 33.33
10 to 15 26.66 33.33 20.00
> 15 0.00 6.66 3.33
Types of Fish farm, size and year of establishment
Results and Discussion (cont.)
High temp. hampered fish farming in Mymensingh region (%)
0102030405060
Trishal Valuka Muktagacha
Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Problems with Hatchery Operation
Fish not ovuluate
Less no. of eggs
Unfertilized eggs
Low hatching
Low survival
Fluctuating temp. and rain hampered hatchery and nursery operation (value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Problems with nursery operation
Lower growth
Deformed fry
Low survival
Crop loss
Less water avail.
Farm management cost increased due to climate change
Results and Discussion (cont.)
010203040506070
<15
15-3
0
30-4
5
>45
<20
20-4
0
>40
<15
15-3
0
30-4
5
>45
Water exchanged cost increased (%)
Farm management cost increased (%)
Feeding cost increased (%)
Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners
Fish mortality in nature increased due to climate change
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
<15 15-30 30-45 >45
Mortality increased (%)
Fish farmers Hatchery owners Nursery owners
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Perception of weather change by the stakeholders
05
101520253035404550
Lack of rain Late rain Increased
sunlight
intensity
Only 2
seasons
encounter
Weather not
matched
Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%) Nursery owner's (%)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Coping strategies adopted by fish farmers
010203040506070
Fish farmers (%) Hatchery owner's (%)
Nursery owner's (%)
Installed new pump Exchanged water
Put shade over ponds Used medicine
Mdke ponds dipper Can't overcome
Water availability in the beels before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
010203040506070
B P B P B P
Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur
8 months 6 months Less than 6 months
010203040506070
B P B P
Bagmara Manda
Year long 8 months 6 months Less than 6 months
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Water availability in the Rivers before 10 yrs and at present (value in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
B P B P B P
Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur
< 10 fishes 10-15 fishes 15- 20 fishes 20- 25 fishes
No. of fish species caught before 10yrs and at present(value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Less rainfall Sifting season
Prolong drought
Fluctuating rainfall
Bagmara (%) Manda (%) Gurudashpur (%)
Factors affecting abundance of fish in natural water bodies
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fishing intensity increased
Conversion of water bodies to other uses
Less rain fain fall
Reason behind less number of fish caught (value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
1977 1990 2000
Change of water courses
Shengrail river, Dumuria, Khulna
Results and Discussion (cont.)
1977 1990 2000
Change of water courses
Bharda river, Batiaghata, Khulna
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Biological activities affected by fluctuating weather (value in %)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Bagmara Manda Gurudash pur
Hampered eggs dev. & breeding
Water scurcity for nursing fry
Fry mortelity due to high temp
Hampered fry-juvenile migration
0
10
20
30
40
50
Broods are not ready to
breed
Fry get less time for growth
Broods are too small to
breed
Immature eggs and sperms
Bagmara Manda Gurudashpur
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Late rain in previous year hampered fish production
in following season (value in %)
01020304050607080
Fry susceptible to diseases
Fry are weak
Ulcerative syndrome
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Fish susceptible to disease due to climate change (value in %)
0
10
20
30
40
50
Agriculture Day labour Petty Business
Contact fish catching
Switched to other jobs in Bagmara (%)
Switched to other jobs in Manda (%)
Switched to other jobs in Gurudashpur (%)
Results and Discussion (cont.)
Coping strategy to overcome the problems by fishermen
The study has identified that the fish farming,hatchery and nursery operation in all threelocations are moderately affected by climatechange
It is really a challenge for the fish farmingcommunities to cope with the changing situation
Fluctuating rain and temperature and prolongdrought are the main cause of fish decline innorthwestern region of Bangladesh
The changing environment made the fishercommunities livelihood vulnerable
Greater understanding of climate changeconsequences is needed to boost up aquacultureand fisheries production in the country
Conclusion
Recommendations
Integrate aquaculture with agriculture for food security and high value food
Create sanctuaries to protect the indigenous fish biodiversity and safe guard the fishing communities
Increase income through alternative livelihoods like backyard vegetable gardening and nurseries
Small scale aquaponics could be another means of alternative livelihoods for the poor communities
Govt., NGOs, national and international donor agencies should come forward to help the fish farming and fisheries stakeholders as they are not any way responsible for climate change
Contant information
Dr. Md. Abdus Salam Research Fellow, Texas A&M
UniversityProfessor, Department of
AquacultureBangladesh Agricultural
University, Mymensingh-2202 Bangladesh
979 703 [email protected]
Professor Jianbang Gan Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Texas A&M, Texas, TX 77843, USA
979 862 4392
