In Miami the adaptation to the sea-level rise shall take into consideration three challenges: the defense of the present urban waterfornt (Brickell waterfront), the adaptation of the low density urban fabric (Miami River Basin) and the building up of a new West Sea-front (Everglades).

Beyond the adaptation and mitigation strategies for flood risk in urban area, summarized here by, a number of specific design and engineering solutions have been elaborated for the three MIAMI challenges. Some sample of them are here presented.

Coastalsettlementsadaptationtosealevelrise UnesCoWorldFieldlaboratory - stage1/ New York, Miami and Gainesville, March 2016 - stage_2 / Rome, Fall 2016.

The UNESCO World Field-Laboratory is an applied Collaborative Research Laboratory established by the UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban culture, notably in Africa, Depart-ment of Architecture and Design (DIAP) Sapienza University of Rome and the Consortium for Hydro-Generated Urbanism University of Florida. The purpose of the UNESCO World Field-Laboratory is to deal with a critical issue of global interest – the Sea Level Rise in urbanized areas - for transmitting and sharing between countries of different scientific and technical development the most relevant perceptions and experiences of it as well as the most advanced methodological know-how to promote an informed, aware and efficient Human Settlements adaptation to the criti-cal effects of the climate change. Participants: Renato Masiani, Anna Maria Giovenale, Lucio Ubertini, Piero Ostilio Rossi, Franco Prodi, Martha Kohen, Lucio Barbera, Francesco Napolitano, Nancy Clark, Antonino Saggio, Alessandra Capuano, Patrizia Trovalusci, Orazio Carpenzano, Carlo Cecere, Nabil El Hady, Robinson Manguro, Francesca Giofrè, Zhengxu Zhou, Belula Tecle Misghina, Anna Irene Del Monaco, Tomaso Monestiroli, Francesco Menegatti, Valentino Matteis, Dario Orlando, Silvia Aloisio, Teresa Pagano, Luca Pozzati, Marta Rigato, Mitchell Clarke.

motivationsThe issue is widely scattered along almost all the urbanized coastal lines of every Continent, including the greatest score of both developed and emerging countries. All the studies on the peo-ple distribution show that at least 3,2 billion live within 120 miles from the sea while an ever growing migration is moving masses of people, in every Continent, from internal to coastal areas. On the other end, almost all the scientists, though fiercely discussing upon the dimension and the speed of the phenomenon - as well as upon the rate of the human responsibility for it - acknow-ledge that the mean level of the sea waters is persistently rising as a major consequence of the Climate Changes and is already perceptibly threatening one billion people living the coastal cities or low-lying areas such as Bangladesh, Mediterranean lowlands, large portions of the United States eastern coast and of the north-east China plains. The different scenarios for the end of the century (2100), often proposed in contrast with each other, span from an expectation of a rise of 18 to 59 centimetres (7.1 to 23.2 in)1, to an expectation of a rise of 1 to 4 feet (30–120 cm), while decision makers, who are particularly susceptible to risk, may wish to use a wider range of scenarios from 8 inches to 6.6 feet (20-200 cm)2, not to consider the most severe scenarios as-sessing: “Humanity faces near certainty of eventual sea level rise of at least Eemian proportions, 5–9m, if fossil fuel emissions continue on a business-as-usual course, e.g., IPCC scenario A1B that has CO2 700 ppm in 2100”3. Anyhow, it is demonstrated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 metres (7.5 ft) for each degree Celsius of temperature rise In this framework we believe it is urgent to give interdisciplinary design and engineering answers to the question: to what extent and how can we adapt the coastal human settlements to the drama-tic evolution of the coastal regions while reducing their vulnerability? The research has to start immediately; there are still some decades in front of us for 1) making an inventory of the different critical situations and of the partial or organic solutions already proposed, 2) searching the most suitable answers for each situation, 3) experimenting and starting to apply in the different situa-tions long term and flexible solutions. 1. [The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report IPCC 4]2. [“Sea Level Rise Key Message Third National Climate Assessment”. National Climate Assessment. Retrieved 25 June 2014.]3. [“Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2°C global warming is highly dangerous” J.Hansen and others, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 15, 20059–20179, 2015]

6 ̓Feet100% Affected

Flooding area = 50 he

Population involved= 50 he x 30p/he = 1.500 people

Dug Area = ?

X=?

A

700 m

700 m

People to relocate=?

Hypotesis:

1) the aim is to save the maximum quantity of built soil elevating it up to 7' above the present Sea Level

2) the built areas are grouped in two cathegories:a) blocks and plots with an above sea level average height of 3'b) blocks and plots with an above sea level average height of 5'

A = Part of the urban block affected by floodingX = Area of A to be dugh1= Refill Highth2 = digging depth

general formula(A-X)*h1=X*h2

The Formula

Plots and Blocks affected by 4' Sea Level Rise flooding(A-X)3'=X4'A=100h1= 3'h2= 4' x= 42,8%

Plots and Blocks affected by 6' Sea Level Rise flooding(A-X)3'=X6'A=100h1= 3'h2= 6' x= 33%

The Formula

In red, the ground to be dug in each individual block to allow by time an intervention of raising of the ground level

Project proposal obtained by use of the formula

The block effected by sea level rise

everglades miamiriverbasin

sCenarioWith the participation of scientists and the local administrations we started with the scenarioof6feetsea-levelrise within the year 2100 applyed to the multi-problematicexample ofmiami

Coastal population Source: UNEP 2002 Lagos: Makoko New Orleans Venice Alexandria and the Nile Delta

Directed by Lucio Barbera and Martha Kohen

“Convegno:strategiediadattamentoalcambiamentoclimatico”Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei

Roma, 8 novembre 2016

Many of the factors that influence and accelerate these processes (subsidence of the coastal areas, the sea level rise, the reduced transportation of sediment to the delta regions, the reduction of natural defences and – in gene-ral - the human activity) have influenced the evolution of the low land urban and rural area all around the world.

Kenia: mangrovia reduction

With a sea-level rise of 6 feet, the area of Miami will be reduced to a very narrow peninsula, similar to the Flori-da Keys.

The Miami River will be transformed in a sea-channel while the Miami Beach shores will not bar anymore the ocean waves.

tHeCitYoF

miami

proposedsolUtions

The West outskirts of the city will be reached by the Gulf waters. A new artificial shore to protect the city should be considered an opportunity to enrich Miami with a new, fascinating semi-urban shore, facing a shallow lagoon.

The Gulf sea waters growth The Venice lagoon The new Miami Venice lagoon

The adaptation of the low density urban areas to the sea-level rise shall be a gradual, long term action involving the people living in the areas. Taking in mind that the very simple timber houses used in those areas have a life of only some decades, the aim is to find within each urban block (aprx 700m x 700m) the fill necessary to elevate, when needed, the soil of the residential plots dig-ging the minimum surface, thus reducing the number of families to be rilocated. For this purpose a simple algorithm was elaborated and tested by design. The action could be an opportunity for improving and transforming the accessibility and infrastructural public system.

A new urban settlement

The new West shore bars the Gulf waters and fosters the identity of Miami as Marine City

BrickellwaterfrontThe defense of the waterfront will be taken on by new breakwaters; they should be realized as new public green parks as well as an opportunity for gi-ving the City a memorable new archi-tectural profile.

Aut ubi non mors est, si iugulatis aquae?Or where is not Death, if you too, Waters, kill?Martialis, Epigrammata IV 18,8

Facoltà di Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazza Borghese, 9 - Aula Magna

Morning: 9:30 – Chair: Lucio Barbera, Martha Kohen

Introduction and greetings – 9:30-10:00Renato Masiani, Sapienza Vice-RectorLucio Ubertini, UNESCO Chair Water Resources Management, H2CU Sapienza Anna Maria Giovenale, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture SapienzaPiero Ostilio Rossi, Director of Department of Architecture and Design Sapienza

Presentation of the Conference – 10:00-10:15Lucio Valerio Barbera, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality, Sapienza University of RomeMartha Kohen, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

Keynote Speech – 10:15-10:45Franco Prodi, CNR – ISAC (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate) -

Research Presentation – Francesco Napolitano, Sapienza University of Rome

-

Nancy Clark, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA -

Sea Level Rise and the Future of Coastal Settlements – 11:30-13:30

, -

Martha Kohen, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

- Tomaso Monestiroli, Politecnico di Milano; , Silvia Aloisio, PhD Sapienza Francesco Menegatti, Politecnico di MilanoMiami Workshop Results

Nancy Clark, CHU UF;,Martha Kohen,

CHU UF; Hector Garcia, Mitchell Clarke, UF students

Project Development by Sapienza students

Project Development by CHU UF students

Discussion Session – 13:30-14:00 - Moderator Lucio Valerio BarberaAlessandra Capuano Sapienza University of Rome, Patrizia Trovalusci Sapienza University of Rome, Francesca Giofrè Sapienza University of Rome

Lunch Break: 14:00

Afternoon: 14:30 – Chair: Anna Irene Del Monaco, Sapienza University of Rome

Introduction – Lucio Valerio Barbera, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa - What message from Venice?

Research Presentation – 15:00-17:30

Orazio Carpenzano, Sapienza University of Rome - Chioggia, the harbour and the city

Carlo Cecere, Sapienza University of Rome - The River Tiber Estuary and the coast of Rome

Antonino Saggio, Sapienza University of Rome -Tevere Cavo. An ecological infrastruture among past and future

Adaptation and mitigation strate�es for �ood risk in urban areas

The Problem of Climate Change: scienti�c forecast or scenarios?

Nabil el Hady, Cairo University (Egypt) - On a Search for a decent survivalRobinson Manguro, Kenyatta National Hospital (Kenya)

- Sea level rise and the Kenyan coastal infrastructure

Zhengxu Zhou, Tsinghua University - Climate Adaptability of Mountainous Minorities. Villages in Southwest China

Francesca Giofrè, Sapienza University of Rome - Tools for regeneration of the ‘urban’ settlements in Central and South America

Conclusions and launching new international group and future meetings –18:00-18:30Lucio Barbera; Martha Kohen.

Kenyatta National Hospital

Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization

Coastal and Internal SettlementsAdaptation to Climate ChangeConference | 14 October 2016 UNESCO Chair in “Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa”, Sapienza University of RomeDipartimento di Architettura e Progetto, Sapienza Università di Roma Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

11:00

12:00

12:20

13:10

14:30

14:45

15:10

15:30

16:00

16:30

17:00

Belula Tecle Misghina, Sapienza University of Rome -Eritrea Coast and climate change

17:50

11:15

11:30

Dario Orlando, Phd Sapienza; Valentino Matteis, Phd Sapienza; Luca Pozzati, Marta Rigato, Teresa Pagano, Sapienza student

Miami Urban Future: the Workshop

Dipartimento Di ingegneria Civile, eDile e ambientale

Facoltà di Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazza Borghese, 9 - Aula Magna

Morning: 9:30 – Chair: Lucio Barbera, Martha Kohen

Introduction and greetings – 9:30-10:00Renato Masiani, Sapienza Vice-RectorLucio Ubertini, UNESCO Chair Water Resources Management, H2CU Sapienza Anna Maria Giovenale, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture SapienzaPiero Ostilio Rossi, Director of Department of Architecture and Design Sapienza

Presentation of the Conference – 10:00-10:15Lucio Valerio Barbera, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality, Sapienza University of RomeMartha Kohen, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

Keynote Speech – 10:15-10:45Franco Prodi, CNR – ISAC (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate) -

Research Presentation – Francesco Napolitano, Sapienza University of Rome

-

Nancy Clark, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA -

Sea Level Rise and the Future of Coastal Settlements – 11:30-13:30

, -

Martha Kohen, Director Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

- Tomaso Monestiroli, Politecnico di Milano; , Silvia Aloisio, PhD Sapienza Francesco Menegatti, Politecnico di MilanoMiami Workshop Results

Nancy Clark, CHU UF;,Martha Kohen,

CHU UF; Hector Garcia, Mitchell Clarke, UF students

Project Development by Sapienza students

Project Development by CHU UF students

Discussion Session – 13:30-14:00 - Moderator Lucio Valerio BarberaAlessandra Capuano Sapienza University of Rome, Patrizia Trovalusci Sapienza University of Rome, Francesca Giofrè Sapienza University of Rome

Lunch Break: 14:00

Afternoon: 14:30 – Chair: Anna Irene Del Monaco, Sapienza University of Rome

Introduction – Lucio Valerio Barbera, UNESCO Chair in Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa - What message from Venice?

Research Presentation – 15:00-17:30

Orazio Carpenzano, Sapienza University of Rome - Chioggia, the harbour and the city

Carlo Cecere, Sapienza University of Rome - The River Tiber Estuary and the coast of Rome

Antonino Saggio, Sapienza University of Rome -Tevere Cavo. An ecological infrastruture among past and future

Adaptation and mitigation strate�es for �ood risk in urban areas

The Problem of Climate Change: scienti�c forecast or scenarios?

Nabil el Hady, Cairo University (Egypt) - On a Search for a decent survivalRobinson Manguro, Kenyatta National Hospital (Kenya)

- Sea level rise and the Kenyan coastal infrastructure

Zhengxu Zhou, Tsinghua University - Climate Adaptability of Mountainous Minorities. Villages in Southwest China

Francesca Giofrè, Sapienza University of Rome - Tools for regeneration of the ‘urban’ settlements in Central and South America

Conclusions and launching new international group and future meetings –18:00-18:30Lucio Barbera; Martha Kohen.

Kenyatta National Hospital

Educational, Scientific andCultural Organization

Coastal and Internal SettlementsAdaptation to Climate ChangeConference | 14 October 2016 UNESCO Chair in “Sustainable Urban Quality and Urban Culture, notably in Africa”, Sapienza University of RomeDipartimento di Architettura e Progetto, Sapienza Università di Roma Consortium of Hydro-generated Urbanism, University of Florida, USA

11:00

12:00

12:20

13:10

14:30

14:45

15:10

15:30

16:00

16:30

17:00

Belula Tecle Misghina, Sapienza University of Rome -Eritrea Coast and climate change

17:50

11:15

11:30

Dario Orlando, Phd Sapienza; Valentino Matteis, Phd Sapienza; Luca Pozzati, Marta Rigato, Teresa Pagano, Sapienza student

Miami Urban Future: the Workshop