Click to listen Early atmosphere ~4.5 billion years ago Mostly Hydrogen and Helium Escaped into...
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Click to listen
Click to listen Early atmosphere ~4.5 billion years ago Mostly Hydrogen and Helium Escaped into space Outgassing of water vapor and CO2 created a secondary
Early atmosphere ~4.5 billion years ago Mostly Hydrogen and
Helium Escaped into space Outgassing of water vapor and CO2 created
a secondary atmosphere with some nitrogen As liquid water formed
the oceans and CO2 was removed from atmosphere The atmosphere
became dominated by nitrogen. ~ 2 billion years ago oxygen
increased in the atmosphere because of plant life and
photosynthesis. This allowed for the formation of the stratospheric
ozone layer which further enhanced conditions for life on
Earth.
Slide 5
78 % Nitrogen N 2 20.95 % Oxygen O 2 0.93 % Argon Ar H 2 O 0 to
4 % Carbon Dioxide CO 2 0 to.037 % (or 370 ppm) Methane CH 4 1.8
ppm Nitrous Oxide N 2 O.3 ppm Ozone 0.04 ppm or 40 ppb) Aerosols
(particles) highly variable Click to listen
Slide 6
It is important to realize that water vapor is invisible. The
clouds you see in this photo are compose of liquid water droplets
formed as water vapor condenses into liquid. When we breathe out
our breath contains lots of water vapor. This water vapor can
becomes visible water drops if we breath onto a cool piece of
glass. By far invisible water vapor is the most important
atmospheric greenhouse gas.
Slide 7
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Slide 8
Carbon Dioxide is the second most significant greenhouse
gas.
Slide 9
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Slide 10
Methane is another important greenhouse gas. Preindustrial
levels were less than half of what they are today. In the early
part of the past decade it looked as if methane was stabilizing.
More recently is has started to increase again. Click to
listen
Slide 11
Low density High density Click to listen
Slide 12
Mass - quantity of matter Click to listen
Slide 13
Weight = mass x gravity Click to listen
Slide 14
Density = Mass /volume Click to listen
Slide 15
Pressure = Force /Area 300 lbs or 4 sq inches=75 psi 100 lbs or
0.25 sq inches=400 psi Click to listen
Slide 16
Standard Sea Level pressure is: 1 Atmosphere 14.7 psi 1013
milli bars Click to listen
Slide 17
Air Pressure (& density) drop by 1/2 for every 5.5 km
altitude gain.
Slide 18
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Slide 19
Slide 20
Lapse Rate is the temperature drop per kilometer height
increase Typically about 6 C/km = 6 C/1000m Or About 3 F/1000 ft
Click to listen
