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Lower & UpperExtremity:Resistance Training
Technique andInstruction
Lab
ESS 4320
How to teach an exercise Give the name of the exercise (if there is one)
Major muscles involved / why the exercise is important
Demonstrate the exercise
Define a full repetition (i.e. full range of motion of the exercise)
Define joint and limb locations and limits
Breathing (exhale during concentric – inhale eccentric)
Correct improper form
DO NOT OVERLOAD client with information – add instruction asyou go and REPEAT!!
How to teach an exercise
Teach Technique: Note body placement andposition
Foot position
Hand grip and position
Spine/neck and head position
Keep core tight (contracted)
Define location of joints
Slow controlled lifting
Teaching the Squat Squat with ball behind against wall (beginner)
Back Squat positioning
State primary muscles activated:
Bar placement below 7th cervical vertebra (C7)
Back out of squat rack
Feet:
Shoulder width apart
Toes pointing forward or slight outward
Hands:
Closed, pronated grip
Slightly wider than shoulder-width
Back/neck/head straight, not flexed or extended
Keep abs/core contracted during exercise
Teaching the Squat
Back squat positioning (cont.) Knees:
stay behind toes
above ankles- do not let the knees wobbleinward or outward
do not lock or hyperextend knees in standingposition – keep them “soft”
Stopping point when the thighs are parallel toground
Never lift bar over head
Tilt head slightly up – do not look down
1 Full Repetition: Knees extended (standing) tothighs parallel to ground and back up
Key points Spotting:
2 spotter technique Each spotter at opposite ends of the bar
Hold hands 2-3 inches below the bar
Move with the client, do not touch the bar unless needed
1 spotter technique Stand behind the squatter
Hands placed at torso level
Sticking point most difficult part of the ROM exhale through this point
Breathing Exhale – concentric Inhale – eccentric Valsalva Maneuver: Do NOT hold breath
Belts: provide core support, but decrease core muscle involvement
Lower Extremity Exercises Smith machine squat Muscles trained: Gluteus maximus, hamstring,
quadriceps
Lunge Muscles trained: Gluteus maximus, hamstrings,
quadriceps, iliopsoas, soleus, and gastrocnemius
Leg press Muscles trained: Gluteus maximus, hamstings,
quadriceps
Calf raise on platform Muscles trained: Soleus, gastrocnemius
Teaching the Bench Press Supine on bench with eyes below the bar
Hips, head on bench – back flat, although a slight arch ok
Feet flat on ground (can put feet on bench if difficulty keeping
back flat)
Pronated grip, a little wider than shoulder width
Bar touch chest (lightly) at nipple level
Keep wrists rigid and directly above the elbows
Forearms approximately perpendicular to floor
Elbows point out to side- about 90 degree angle with torso
1 full repetition – bar touches chest and back up to fully extended
elbows
Bar does move straight up & down (slightly arched trajectory)
IMPORTANT: do not let the bar bounce off the chest
Key Points Breathing
exhale up- concentric
Inhale down- eccentric
Hand placement narrow for triceps
wide for pectoral muscles
Modified shoulder injury/pain- stop before the point of discomfort
Spotters: 1 spotter & 2 spotter technique Help with lift-off
Alternate grip position
Staggered stance – feet shoulder width apart – flexed knees
Don’t touch bar unless lifter needs help
Upper Extremity Exercises
Flat, Incline, Decline Barbell Bench Press
Muscles trained: Pectoralis major, anterior deltoid,
serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, triceps brachii
Shoulder Press
Muscles trained: anterior and medial deltiods,trapezuis
Biceps Curl
Muscles trained: Rachialis, biceps brachii,
brachioradialis
Triceps Pushdown
Muscles trained: Triceps brachii