Clearfield Wheat 16 pager - Pest Genie · Three active ingredients, two different modes of action MIDAS Herbicide contains imazapic and imazapyr, two members of the imidazolinone

MIDAS Herbicide Technical Manual - 3

4 & 5 Overview of CLEARFIELDProduction System for Wheat

6 & 7 Overview of MIDAS Herbicide■ Features and benefits

■ Weed spectrum

8 & 9 Chemistry / mode of action■ Mode of action

■ Difference between imazapic

and imazapyr

■ Residual activity

■ Re-cropping interval

■ Crop selectivity

10 - 12 Efficacy data■ Efficacy against key weeds

13 & 14 How to get the best results with MIDAS Herbicide

■ Application timing

■ Adjuvants

■ General application guidelines

15 Regional contact details

Contents

The new solution for improved weedmanagement, sustainable croprotations and increased profitability for Australian grain producers.

The CLEARFIELD Production System for Wheatis a non-GMO herbicide tolerant croppingsystem that combines:

■ Wheat varieties that are speciallydeveloped to be tolerant to theimidazolinone herbicide, MIDAS.

■ MIDAS Herbicide, a broad spectrumherbicide that provides excellent one-pass,in-crop control of grass and broadleaf weedsin wheat crops with CLEARFIELD technology.

■ A Best Management Practice (BMP)program, designed to maximise the in-fieldperformance and responsible managementof CLEARFIELD technology.

4 - MIDAS Herbicide Technical Manual

OVERVIEW OF CLEARFIELD SYSTEM

The key features of the CLEARFIELD ProductionSystem for Wheat are:

1. Simplified weed controlThe CLEARFIELD Production System for Wheatis an integrated weed management programthat offers outstanding control of key"problem" weeds in wheat including; bromegrass, barley grass, wild radish, climbingbuckwheat, phalaris and wild oats; via a robustpre and post-emergence control program.

2. Non-GMO technologyWheat varieties that incorporate CLEARFIELDtechnology have been developed usingtraditional plant breeding techniques thathave been used in Australia for many years.CLEARFIELD is internationally recognised asbeing non-GMO technology, which meansthere is no threat to market access or need forsegregation.

Wild oats and climbing buckwheat infesting wheat cropbefore treatment of MIDAS Herbicide.

MIDAS Herbicide application showing typical reddiscolouration of wild oats and climbing buckwheat.

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TClearfield the New Solution

3. High performance wheat varietiesWheat varieties that incorporate CLEARFIELDtechnology have been bred from a number ofpopular varieties used in the Australian wheatindustry. In addition to their tolerance toMIDAS Herbicide, each variety has beenimproved over parent lines. Areas ofimprovement include seedling vigour, grainsize and milling performance. BASF’s seedpartners are continuing to develop elite wheatvarieties for use in the CLEARFIELD ProductionSystem.

4.Available exclusively from BASF AgriCentres

The CLEARFIELD Production System for Wheatis available exclusively from BASF AgriCentres.Located throughout the major wheat regionsof Australia, these selected rural merchandisecentres have accredited agronomists who canadvise you on all aspects of the CLEARFIELDProduction System for Wheat and the BestManagement Practice program.

5. Best Management Practice (BMP) program

The CLEARFIELD Production System for Wheatmust be implemented in accordance with aBest Management Practice (BMP) program.Developed by BASF at the request of theNational Registration Authority, this program isdesigned to optimise the in-field performanceof the CLEARFIELD Production System. Yourlocal BASF Accredited Agronomist can assistyou with the implementation of the BMPprogram.

6. Access to seed Growers can either purchase certified seed from BASF AgriCentres or from currentCLEARFIELD wheat growers. Growers can then retain seed for future use, or sell to othergrowers. A complete list of BASF AgriCentresand current CLEARFIELD wheat growers can be obtained by contacting BASF toll free 1800 501 597, BASF fax-on-demand service,0500 544 044 or by visitingwww.agro.basf.com.au


Brome grass infestation in wheat crop (left) versus MIDAS Herbicide treated CLEARFIELD wheat crop (right)

One-pass, in-crop control of key grass and broadleaf weeds as part of theCLEARFIELD Production System for Wheat.

Broad spectrum control MIDAS Herbicide is registered for the earlypost-emergence control of certain annual grassand broadleaf weeds as part of theCLEARFIELD Production System for Wheat.Applied as a post-emergence treatment,MIDAS Herbicide has a dual mode of actionthat provides excellent knockdown control andresidual activity against a broad spectrum ofkey weeds found throughout Australia,including wild oats, brome grass, barley grass,wild radish, climbing buckwheat and phalaris.

Reduced number of passesApplied as part of an integrated weed controlprogram that incorporates the robust, pre-emergence control of weeds using STOMP®

330E or trifluralin, MIDAS Herbicide enablesone-pass, in-crop control of grass andbroadleaf weeds. This reduces the need fortank mixes and the number of herbicideapplications required in any given season.

Crop rotation flexibilityMIDAS Herbicide has an excellent plant-backprofile. It is applied about six weeks afterplanting and provided there is adequaterainfall during the growing season, all populargrain legumes, cereals and pastures can begrown the following winter.

Herbicide resistancemanagementMIDAS Herbicide is used as part of a plannedherbicide resistance management program thatis suitable for use in all tillage systems andmanagement practices associated with wheatproduction across Australia. MIDAS Herbicideshould not be applied more than once perseason to any crop, with a maximum of twoGroup B herbicides applied to the samepaddock in any four-year period.

Environmental safetyMIDAS Herbicide poses no undue risk tooperators or the environment when it is storedand handled according to label directions. Theactive ingredients in MIDAS Herbicide affectenzymes found only in plants and have verylow levels of toxicity in mammals, birds, fishand soil microflora.


FEATURES AND BENEFITS

MIDAS Herbicide provides excellentknockdown control and residual activityagainst a broad spectrum of grass andbroadleaf weeds that are susceptible to Group B and I Herbicides.African turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum)

Amsinckia (Amsinckia intermedia)

annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

barley grass (Hordeum leporinum)

bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)

brome grass (Bromus diandrus)

capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

cat’s-ear* (Hypochoeris radicata)

climbing buckwheat* (Fallopia convolvulus)

clover (Trifolium spp.)

common vetch* (Vicia sativa)

corn gromwell (Buglossoides arvensis)

cotula* (Cotula australis)

crassula (Crassula spp.)

deadnettle (Lamium amplexicaule)

doublegee (Emex australis)

fumitory (Fumaria spp.)

hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale)

Indian hedge mustard (Sisymbrium orientale)

London rocket (Sisymbrium irio)

medics* (Medicago spp.)

mintweed* (Stachys arvensis)

Paterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum)

phalaris (Phalaris spp.)

prickly lettuce* (Lactuca serriola)

saffron thistle* (Carthamus lanatus)

silver grass* (Vulpia bromoides)

shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)

sowthistle* (Sonchus oleraceus)

spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare)

spreading night phlox (Zaluzianskya divaricata)

storksbill* (Erodium spp.)

toadrush (Juncus bufonius)

turnip weed (Rapistrum rugosum)

variegated thistle (Silybum marianum)

volunteer canola (Brassicaceae spp.)

volunteer barely (Hordieum spp.)

volunteer faba beans* (Vicia faba spp.)

volunteer wheat (Triticum spp.)

wild turnip (Brassica tournefortii)

wild oats (Avena fatua)

wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

wireweed (Polygonum aviculare)


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BEN

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SPECTR

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WEED SPECTRUM

Always consult the product label prior to use.*Surviving plants will generally be retarded and will not compete with the crop.

How MIDAS Herbicide works.Three active ingredients, twodifferent modes of actionMIDAS Herbicide contains imazapic andimazapyr, two members of the imidazolinonegroup of herbicides, and MCPA, which is amember of the phenoxy group of herbicides.The imidazolinone components inhibit theformation of acetolactate synthase (ALS), anenzyme that is required for the formation ofkey amino acids used for protein synthesis inplants. MCPA disrupts plant cell growth bymimicking plant hormones. This dual actionenables MIDAS Herbicide to control a broadrange of grass and broadleaf weeds. For weedresistance management, MIDAS is a Group BIherbicide.

The difference betweenimazapic and imazapyrImidazolinone compounds are rapidly absorbedvia the roots and foliage, and thentranslocated to the growing points ofsusceptible plants. The herbicidal activity ofeach imidazolinone compound is determinedby a complex interaction of biological andphysical factors that regulate how much of theactive ingredient actually reaches the plant’sgrowing points. Biological factors include plantabsorption, translocation, plant metabolismand soil microbial activity. Physical factorsinclude photodecomposition, chemicalhydrolysis and soil binding. In general,imazapic has greater soil activity thanimazapyr, while imazapyr has greater foliaractivity than imazapic.


MODE OF ACTION

C-OH

CH3

CH3

CH-CH3N

N

NN

C-O-

CH3

CH3

CH-CH3

CH3

H3N-CH3

N

N

NH

Imazapyr acid

Imazapyr isopropylamine salt

+

CH3

CH3

CH-CH3

CH3

CH3

CH-CH3

CH3

C-OHH3C

N

N

NN

C-O- +NH4

N

N

NH

Imazapic acid

Imazapic ammonium salt

#

H3C

MID

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Residual activityIn normal seasons, MIDAS Herbicide willprovide ongoing control of late-germinatingweeds. Moist soil conditions facilitate theavailability of the herbicide for plant uptake.The effect of this residual activity on weeds ismore variable under dry conditions. Under suchconditions, the active ingredients will bindtightly to the soil and become unavailable forplant uptake.

Crop selectivityWheat varieties that incorporate CLEARFIELDtechnology have been specifically selected fortheir tolerance to MIDAS Herbicide. In somecircumstances, the use of this product may leadto transient crop yellowing and temporaryslowing of growth. Affected plants soonrecover and crop yield is unaffected. This effectmay be more pronounced in crops that arestressed due to waterlogging, frost, disease ornutritional disorders. The use of MIDASHerbicide on any wheat variety other thanthose certified for use with the CLEARFIELDProduction System for Wheat will result insevere crop damage.

Recommended re-croppingintervalsThe use of MIDAS Herbicide will not affectcrop rotation programs, provided more than250 mm of rainfall occurs between its use andsowing the following season. The primaryroute of degradation is via microbialbreakdown, which in turn is determined by soilpH, soil moisture and microbial activity. Longperiods of moist soil will increase theavailability of the herbicide in the soil,facilitating uptake by the plant or microbialbreakdown. Breakdown is slower in dry soils orthose that have little or no microbial activity.As environmental and agronomic factors makeit impossible to eliminate all risks associatedwith the use of MIDAS Herbicide, the followingminimum re-cropping intervals should beobserved:

0 months■ CLEARFIELD

Canola varieties

■ CLEARFIELD Wheat varieties

■ Chickpeas

■ Faba beans

■ Field peas

8 months■ Lupins

■ Pasture legumes

■ Vetch

■ Conventionalwheat varieties*

■ Triticale*

■ Barley**see additionalcomments (below)

22 months■ Safflower

■ Oats

34 months■ All other crops,

includingconventional canola varieties


Minimum re-cropping interval (months after application)

Always consult the product label prior to use.

The following additional requirements apply if conventional wheat, barely or triticale varietiesare to be sown the following winter:

■ DO NOT apply MIDAS Herbicide later than the end of August.

■ DO NOT use MIDAS Herbicide if the rainfall between spraying and sowing is expected to be lessthan 250 mm.

■ If less than 250 mm rainfall (excluding isolated heavy summer and autumn falls of more than100 mm) occurs during this interval, contact your local BASF representative before sowing.

Robust control of key grass andbroadleaf weeds in one pass.


EFFICACY DATA

100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)

4 weeks after treatment


(Average 13 sites, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)

100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)



(Average 2 sites,1999)

Phalaris controlClimbing Buckwheat control

climbing buckwheat(Fallopia convolvulus)

phalaris(Phalaris spp.)

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Applied as a post-emergence treatment, MIDAS Herbicide provides excellent knockdown controland residual activity against a broad spectrum of key weeds found throughout Australia, including wild oats, brome grass, barley grass, wild radish, climbing buckwheat and phalaris.


100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)



Barley Grass control

100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)



(Average 54 sites, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)

Wild Oat control

wild oats(Avena fatua)

barley grass(Hordeum leporinum)


EFFICACY DATA

100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)



(Average 28 sites, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)

Wild Radish control

100

80

60

40

20

0

Perc

enta

ge C

ontr

ol (%

)



(Average 22 sites, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)

Brome Grass control

brome grass(Bromus diandrus)

wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum)

How to get the best resultsfrom MIDAS Herbicide.

1. Pre-emergence controlprogram

The CLEARFIELD Production System is anintegrated weed management program thatincorporates the use of a robust pre-emergence herbicide. MIDAS Herbicideprovides the best results and crop safety whenapplied at the four-leaf stage. The pre-emergence application of STOMP® 330E,trifluralin or other non-Group B herbicides willprevent crop yield losses resulting from earlyweed competition, particularly if ALS-resistantryegrass is present. While annual ryegrass andwireweed are the only species controlled byDNA Herbicides (e.g. STOMP® 330E) at the ratesused in cereal crops, there is growing evidencethat these herbicides suppress a number ofother important species, such as wild oats,capeweed and silver grass.

2. Application timingImidazolinone compounds inhibit theformation of acetolactate synthase (ALS), anenzyme which is critical for the manufacture ofprotein in plants. This process primarily occursin rapidly dividing and growing cells, which inturn are typically found at the growing pointsof the plant. Optimum weed control will beachieved when application is made to young,actively growing weeds. Likewise, vigorouscrop growth will help to suppress stunted orlate germinating weeds. Treated weeds willeither be killed, or remain stunted anduncompetitive in the crop.

Crops: Apply to crops between the four-leaf(Z14) and commencement of flag leaf (Z39)stages.

Grass Weeds: Apply to actively growingweeds at the three-leaf to two-tiller stage.

Broadleaf Weeds: Apply to actively growingweeds at the two-leaf to six–leaf stage.

3. Adjuvants Laboratory conditions have demonstratedfoliar absorption is much higher under highhumidity conditions or when plants are notwater stressed. MIDAS Herbicide must beapplied with Hasten† or Kwicken† at 0.5 L/100Lspray volume to ensure adequate coverage andherbicide uptake by the plant.

4. Other applicationguidelines

(i) MixingMIDAS is an emulsifiable concentrateformulation. When mixing, partially fill thespray tank and engage the agitation system.Add the required amount of MIDAS Herbicideand then fill the spray tank with water.

If tank-mixing with a compatible product, addthe other product to the tank first and mixthoroughly before adding MIDAS Herbicide.

(ii) CompatibilityMIDAS Herbicide is compatible with FASTAC®

100, FASTAC® Duo, dimethoate, omethoate andendosulfan.


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DIRECTIONS FOR USE

Operator Safety.Storage and disposalStore in the closed, original container, in a dry,cool and well ventilated area.

Do NOT store for prolonged periods in directsunlight.

Triple or preferably pressure rinse containersbefore disposal. Add rinsings to spray tank.Do NOT dispose of undiluted chemicals on-site.If recycling, replace cap and return cleancontainers to recycle or designated collectionpoint.

If not recycling, break, crush or puncture andbury empty containers in a local authoritylandfill. If no landfill is available, bury thecontainers below 500 mm in a disposal pitspecifically marked and set up for this purpose,clear of waterways, desirable and nativevegetation and tree roots. Empty containersand product should NOT be burnt.

Safety directionsWill irritate the eyes and skin. Avoid contactwith eyes and skin. When opening thecontainer and preparing spray, wear elbow-length PVC gloves and face shield or goggles.If product in eyes, wash it out immediatelywith water. After each day’s use, wash glovesand face shield or goggles. Wash hands afteruse.

First aidIf poisoning occurs, contact a doctor of PoisonsInformation Centre. Telephone 131126Australia-wide.

MSDSAdditional information is listed in the MaterialSafety Data Sheet (MSDS).


(iii) ApplicationApply MIDAS Herbicide at 900 mL/ha in aminimum of 50 L water per hectare. DO NOTapply under weather conditions or fromspraying equipment that may cause spray todrift onto nearby susceptible plants/crops,cropping land or pasture. Canola, cotton,tobacco, grapevines, lupins, fruit trees andornamentals are especially susceptible to spraydrift and vapour movement. DO NOT spraywithin 50 m of wetlands or waterways.

(iv) Equipment clean upMIDAS Herbicide contains MCPA LVE.Thoroughly clean all spray equipment,especially plastic spray lines, using ammoniumsolution or washing soda before using onsensitive crops, such as canola and legumes.

(v) Restraints■ DO NOT use MIDAS Herbicide on any wheat

variety other than those certified for use withthe CLEARFIELD Production System for Wheat.

■ DO NOT apply MIDAS Herbicide to cropsthat are stressed due to conditions such aswaterlogging, frost, disease or nutritionaldisorders.

■ DO NOT apply if rain is expected within sixhours of application.

■ DO NOT apply more than one application ofMIDAS Herbicide per season to any crop.

■ DO NOT apply by aircraft.

(iv) Withholding periods■ Fodder: Do not graze or cut for stock food

for four weeks after application.

■ Grain: Nil when used as directed.

Always consult the product label prior to use.

How to get the best results fromMIDAS Herbicide.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE

Documents

Clearfield Wheat 16 pager - Pest Genie · Three active ingredients, two different modes of action MIDAS Herbicide contains imazapic and imazapyr, two members of the imidazolinone