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Clean-up and Remediation Clean-up and Remediation following a Biological Responsefollowing a Biological Response
Anthony T. Zimmer, PhD, PE, CIHAnthony T. Zimmer, PhD, PE, CIH
National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination TeamEnvironmental Protection AgencyEnvironmental Protection Agency
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination Team(NDT) Mission and Resources(NDT) Mission and Resources
The National Decontamination Team (NDT) delivers on-site scientific and technical expertise in response to Incidents of National Significance (INS) involving
environmental contamination and acts of Terrorism related to Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). We provide leadership and coordination of decontamination policy, science, and engineering, bridging gaps between research and response.
NDT promotes decontamination readiness through training, exercises, & planning.
OSWER
OEM
NDT
Organizational StructureOffice of Solid Waste& Emergency Response
Office of EmergencyManagement
33
BackgroundBackground
Identified void in Identified void in decontamination needsdecontamination needs
• World Trade CenterWorld Trade Center
• Anthrax responsesAnthrax responses
First government special First government special team dedicated to WMD team dedicated to WMD decon activities within decon activities within EPAEPA
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination TeamResourcesResources
Current Staff:Current Staff:
Technical: Technical: Program Support:Program Support: Contractor Support:Contractor Support:
ASPECT (2) ASPECT (2) Env. Prot. Specialist (1) Env. Prot. Specialist (1) On-Site Key Personnel (5)On-Site Key Personnel (5)
Analytical Chemist (1) Analytical Chemist (1) Management Analyst (1) Management Analyst (1)
Biochemist (1)Biochemist (1)
Health Physicists (2)Health Physicists (2) SEE Employees: SEE Employees: Detailee: Detailee:
HVAC Engineers (2) HVAC Engineers (2) Secretary (1) Secretary (1) DOT (1)DOT (1)Industrial Hygienist (1) Industrial Hygienist (1) Warehouse Techs (2)Warehouse Techs (2)Medical Officer (1)Medical Officer (1)
Toxicologists (2)Toxicologists (2)
PENDING StaffingPENDING Staffing: : Transportation & Disposal Expert, MicrobiologistTransportation & Disposal Expert, Microbiologist
Potential FUTURE StaffingPotential FUTURE Staffing: : Water SpecialistWater Specialist
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination Team Locations Locations
RTP, NCCo-located
with NHSRC
Kansas City-ASPECT
Support Staff
Dallas-ASPECT airplane
Cincinnati, Oh- co-located with
NHSRCErlanger, KY-
co-located with ERT
Washington, DC
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination Team Decon Partnerships and CoordinationDecon Partnerships and Coordination
SpecialTeams
NDTERT
RERTNCERT
OSCsField
Response/Preparedness
PrivateIndustry
Other Federal Agencies
ResearchNHSRCLANLLLNL
SandiaDTRA
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Methods of EPA Involvement in Methods of EPA Involvement in Clean-up/RemediationClean-up/Remediation
Superfund or Oil Pollution Act
Authority EPA OSC
Local
State
EPA Activation
National Declaration
FEMA ESF-10 EPA OSC
Agency
Special Purpose Mission
EPA OSC
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Ground Transportation Systems Decon:Ground Transportation Systems Decon:• NYC: working with NYC's Port Authority, Mass Transit NYC: working with NYC's Port Authority, Mass Transit
Authority, and Long Island Railroad to prepare for Authority, and Long Island Railroad to prepare for consequence management and decon operations for consequence management and decon operations for WMD eventsWMD events
• DC: Participating in DC WMATA system technical working DC: Participating in DC WMATA system technical working group meetings (NDT Chair of TWG)group meetings (NDT Chair of TWG)
Air Transportation Systems Decon:Air Transportation Systems Decon:• Partnering with DHS, HHS, LLNL, and state and local Partnering with DHS, HHS, LLNL, and state and local
government, to assist with critical national/international government, to assist with critical national/international airports for bio/chem/rad decontamination operationsairports for bio/chem/rad decontamination operations
• working closely with FAA and DoD on aircraft cabin working closely with FAA and DoD on aircraft cabin decontamination system decontamination system
National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination TeamDecon Program Development - ExternalDecon Program Development - External
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination TeamDecon Program Development - ExternalDecon Program Development - External
BIOWATCHBIOWATCH• Under DHS leadership, NPPD and NDT are participating in the development of a Under DHS leadership, NPPD and NDT are participating in the development of a
national Biowatch response strategy, including large area sampling plansnational Biowatch response strategy, including large area sampling plans
CDC Partnership:CDC Partnership:• Facilitating CDC's Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, including their Facilitating CDC's Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, including their
National Quarantine Program, and Traveler's Health Branch, into the biological National Quarantine Program, and Traveler's Health Branch, into the biological agent decontamination and remediation planning processagent decontamination and remediation planning process
• Working with CDC's Health Quality Promotions Branch, interagency Working with CDC's Health Quality Promotions Branch, interagency environmental microbiology group, NHSRC, and OPPTS, to identify pathogens as environmental microbiology group, NHSRC, and OPPTS, to identify pathogens as well as existing hospital infection control measures, and currently available well as existing hospital infection control measures, and currently available registered products for application to the decontamination of biological agentsregistered products for application to the decontamination of biological agents
Other Agencies:Other Agencies:• Actively exchanging information on mutually useful decontamination-related Actively exchanging information on mutually useful decontamination-related
research, as well as the development of technologies and approaches to effect research, as well as the development of technologies and approaches to effect decontaminationdecontamination
• Exchanging information on assets and capabilities for decontaminationExchanging information on assets and capabilities for decontamination • Develop decontamination plans for DOS facilities (IAG) Develop decontamination plans for DOS facilities (IAG)
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination Team
Decon Program Development- InternalDecon Program Development- Internal
Decon Portfolio -Decon Portfolio - development of web based, one-stop system for information on development of web based, one-stop system for information on decontamination of WMD agentsdecontamination of WMD agents
Decon Vendor and Technology Market SurveyDecon Vendor and Technology Market Survey
Decon Technology LiaisonDecon Technology Liaison - Observe and participate in testing and field - Observe and participate in testing and field implementation of decon technologies and provide feedback to research communityimplementation of decon technologies and provide feedback to research community
Concept of Operations (CONOPS) Concept of Operations (CONOPS) - development of operational approach for large - development of operational approach for large scale INS eventsscale INS events
Decontamination and Analytic and Technical Support (DATS) Contract-Decontamination and Analytic and Technical Support (DATS) Contract- Awarded, January 2007Awarded, January 2007
Risk-Based Surface Cleanup GoalsRisk-Based Surface Cleanup Goals
Decon Data Gaps AnalysisDecon Data Gaps Analysis- NPPD, NDT, and OHS are coordinating an Agency wide - NPPD, NDT, and OHS are coordinating an Agency wide project to identify gaps and prioritiesproject to identify gaps and priorities
TRIO (Taskforce on Research to Inform and Optimize WMD Response)TRIO (Taskforce on Research to Inform and Optimize WMD Response)- forum - forum for OSCs, Special Teams, and NHSRC to discuss gaps between research and field for OSCs, Special Teams, and NHSRC to discuss gaps between research and field application application
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination TeamResponse ReadinessResponse Readiness
Level A Level A • Trained and equippedTrained and equipped
Equipment Equipment • National Equipment Tracking National Equipment Tracking
SystemSystem• Specialized CBR equipmentSpecialized CBR equipment
Special Teams Coordination Special Teams Coordination and Cross Trainingand Cross Training• Emergency Response TeamsEmergency Response Teams• Regional EPA Regional EPA • National Homeland Security National Homeland Security
Research CenterResearch Center
TrainingTraining• WMD Decontamination WMD Decontamination
CourseCourse• OSC Readiness - specialized OSC Readiness - specialized
Bio and Rad courses in Bio and Rad courses in 20062006
• Avian/Pandemic Flu Train-Avian/Pandemic Flu Train-the-Trainer Coursethe-Trainer Course
Responses, Predeployments Responses, Predeployments and Exercisesand Exercises• Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina • New York City Anthrax- April New York City Anthrax- April
20062006• Region 5 Ohio Polymer Region 5 Ohio Polymer
incidentincident• Superbowl XLSuperbowl XL• Exercises in Regions 1, 6, 9, Exercises in Regions 1, 6, 9,
10 10
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National Buy List,National Buy List,• Level A entry equipment Level A entry equipment • Chemical monitors for VOC/SVOCsChemical monitors for VOC/SVOCs• Radiation response monitorsRadiation response monitors• Biological sampling equipmentBiological sampling equipment
Other EquipmentOther Equipment• P-Trak Ultrafine Particle CounterP-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter• Velocicalc Plus Portable Air Velocity Velocicalc Plus Portable Air Velocity
MeterMeter• Wide-Range Particle SpectrometerWide-Range Particle Spectrometer
NDT EquipmentNDT Equipment
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ASPECTASPECT(Airborne Spectral Photometric Environmental Collection Technology)(Airborne Spectral Photometric Environmental Collection Technology)
A single pass of the aircraft produces a data set that permits mapping, aerial photography, Infrared imaging, and chemical identification. These products can be generated in under 3 minutes and provide valuable situation data to the Incident Commander.
Base Map
Aerial Image
IR Plume Image
Chemical ID Information
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How will the NDT “fit” in the How will the NDT “fit” in the response?response?
24/7 availability24/7 availability
Will assist the EPA On-Scene CoordinatorWill assist the EPA On-Scene Coordinator
Will operate under the National Incident Will operate under the National Incident Management System within ICSManagement System within ICS
Will be available to participate in drills and exercisesWill be available to participate in drills and exercises
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Bio-response Bio-response
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Bio-responseBio-response
Cleanup/recovery will very much depend upon the Cleanup/recovery will very much depend upon the nature of the biological agent:nature of the biological agent:
• Bio-toxins similar to chemical responseBio-toxins similar to chemical response
• Biological organisms highly depends upon its “persistence & Biological organisms highly depends upon its “persistence & stability”stability”
Additional complexity is the issue of “how clean is Additional complexity is the issue of “how clean is clean” and background levelsclean” and background levels
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Bio-response to AnthraxBio-response to Anthrax
A persistent biological organism A persistent biological organism (bacterial spore-former)(bacterial spore-former)
Bioweapon example: 2001 Anthrax Bioweapon example: 2001 Anthrax letters letters • 18 confirmed cases18 confirmed cases• 5 deaths5 deaths
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Bio-response to AnthraxBio-response to Anthrax
Decontamination methods include:Decontamination methods include:• Burn or bury animal carcassesBurn or bury animal carcasses• Treat soil with 5% lye, quicklime, or Treat soil with 5% lye, quicklime, or
bleach (sodium hypochlorite)bleach (sodium hypochlorite)• HEPA vacuuming (source reduction)HEPA vacuuming (source reduction)• Liquid antimicrobials (non-porous Liquid antimicrobials (non-porous
surfaces)surfaces)• Fumigation (chlorine dioxide, vaporous Fumigation (chlorine dioxide, vaporous
hydrogen peroxide)hydrogen peroxide)
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Bio-response to SmallpoxBio-response to Smallpox
A “non-persistent” biological A “non-persistent” biological organism (virus)organism (virus)• Inactive 2 days after an aerosol release Inactive 2 days after an aerosol release
& 2 weeks on surfaces& 2 weeks on surfaces Known repositories: Known repositories:
U.S.A & RussiaU.S.A & Russia
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Bio-response to SmallpoxBio-response to Smallpox
Decontamination methods include:Decontamination methods include:• 0.5% hypochlorite on surfaces for at 0.5% hypochlorite on surfaces for at
least 10 minutesleast 10 minutes• Heat (31-33 C) and humidity (80%) for Heat (31-33 C) and humidity (80%) for
at least 6 hoursat least 6 hours
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Bio-response to RicinBio-response to Ricin Bio-toxin naturally found within the castor Bio-toxin naturally found within the castor
bean bean • Produced from the enrichment of the seed-pulp Produced from the enrichment of the seed-pulp
(Ricin 5% by weight of the pulp) (Ricin 5% by weight of the pulp) • Found as grey to white powder depending upon Found as grey to white powder depending upon
the puritythe purity Persistence depends upon its purityPersistence depends upon its purity Bioweapon: Bioweapon:
• Recent cases involvingRecent cases involving Capital Hill & White HouseCapital Hill & White House
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Bio-response to RicinBio-response to Ricin
Decontamination methods include:Decontamination methods include:• 0.5% hypochlorite on surfaces0.5% hypochlorite on surfaces• Heat (200 C) and humidity (80%) for at Heat (200 C) and humidity (80%) for at
least 24 hoursleast 24 hours
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National Decontamination TeamNational Decontamination Team Summary Summary
Team of 19 full-time employees Team of 19 full-time employees Established two years agoEstablished two years ago Attempting to bridge gap between Attempting to bridge gap between
research and end usersresearch and end users Ensuring decon technologies can be Ensuring decon technologies can be
implemented and able to achieve implemented and able to achieve desired clean up goalsdesired clean up goals
Actively involved in Interagency Actively involved in Interagency coordination on decon issuescoordination on decon issues
Providing training and exercises on Providing training and exercises on decon technologies and methodsdecon technologies and methods