CLE III

CLE IIIA priori multum in parvoA priori/ a posterioriPrior to / afterwardTypes of knowledge: gained before an experience or through logic/gained after gathering knowledge AchatesFidus Achates

Achates

Fidus Achates faithful Achates, companion to Aeneas on his journeys, helps him scout out Carthage. Only one line is devoted to him in the Aeneid.

Ad valoremAccording to value (tax)

Aeschylus

Aeschylus1 of 3 Greek tragedians whose work survives (Sophocles & Euripides)525-456 BCEOrestia the only complete Greek trilogy to survive (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, The Eumenides)Agamemnon, King of Argos, sacrificed daughter, Iphigenia, at the outset of the war between Greeks and Trojans.

AeschylusClytemnestra, angered about Iphigenia and Trojan mistress Cassandra, murders husband and mistress.

Orestes, his son, eventually avenges fathers death, killing mother and her lover.

AjaxStrongest of the Greeks, second only to Achilles in battle5 inch wide kneecap (Pausanius)

AlcibiadesAthenian statesman, orator, general, b. 450 BCE, led Sicilian Expedition, hopes of enriching Athens, imposing rule on Syracuse. Accused of profaning statues of Hermes and the Eleusinan Mysteries and ultimately command fell into the hands of Nicias. Expedition failed.

AnchisesFather of Aeneas

Annuit coeptisHe approves of our undertakings

AntigoneDaughter of Jocasta and OedipusWants to bury the body of Polyneikes, and does, but that makes Creon mad

areteArhthStrength in face of adversity, skill, excellenceJamb statue at library of Ephesus (with Sophia)

AristophanesGreatest Greek comic, 5th cent. BCFrogs (Euripides), Wasps (deterioration of Athens), Clouds (Socrates), Lysistrata (pacifism during the Pelopponnesian Wars Athenian women tire of losing sons on battlefield and deny husbands marital rights until they make peace with Sparta)

AristotleEthics, Physics, Metaphysics (thoughts on divine reality formulated after his treatise on nature/physics)Dialectic a conclusion follows from a premiseConstitution of the Athenians Aquinas (1220s CE) and Aristotle both believed one had to live a moral, flourishing life to be happyAquinas did not believe reason was the only path to God like Aristotle

Aristotle (right) believed sense experience was the source of all knowledge.

Plato (left) believed material world was just a copy of the real world. His metaphysics = Socrates division of reality into material vs. spiritual.

Arma togae cedantArms fall to the togaTriumph of diplomacy and delicate sensibilities over force

AtillaGreat horsemasterChalons, 451

B.A.Baccalaureus artium

b.i.d./t.i.d.Bis/ter in dieTwo/three times a day

CadmusFounder of Thebes, alphabetCow, Dragon

Carthago delenda estCarthage must be destroyedCato the Elder

Cato the ElderVarious writings about farmingCatullusLatin lyricLesbia (Clodia)Dies at 32

Ceteris paribusWith other things the sameAll else being equal

Cicero

Citius, altius, fortiusFaster, higher, stronger

ClaudiusCalligula and NeroBritianClaudian Letters?I, Claudius Robert Graves

Cleobis and Biton

Code of JustinianTHE codification of Roman lawCorpus juris civilis

CodexA book (block) format, as opposed to a scroll

CorinthianAlso it can mean libertine

CroesusKing of LydiaHappiness in Herodotus

De gustibus non disputandum estThere is no disputing about tastes

De rerum naturaLucretiusThe Epicurean condition

Delian LeagueAthenian ConfederacyTreasury at Delosuntil 454

DemocritusThe laughing philosopher, 460 BCEspoused value of cheerfulnessAtomist nature is made of atoms

Deo volenteGod (being) willing

DidoFounder and Queen of CarthageTyre, Anna, Sycheaus, Pygmalion, Aeneas

Dies iraeDay of Wrath13th century choral LatinTypical section of requia

DoricStyle, also refers to the southern Greeks

Dulce et decorum est pro patria moriIt is sweet and fitting to die for ones countryBut sweeter still to live and sweetest of all to drink to it.Owen

elegiacA couplet of two lines of dactylic hexameter7th c BCRelating to an elegy, somethimes sorrow for something past.Ovid, Ars Amatoria, Amores

Eleusinian mysteriesEvery fallCommemoration of the Rape of Persephone mysteries or musteriai, from mustes an initiateRebirth after death pigs and cursing

encomiumTribute, glowing and enthusiastic praiseegkwmion

epicureanismLucretiusHoraceAtaraxia and aponia peace and fearlessness

ErisGoddess of discord

Esse quam videriTo be rather than to seemNorth Carolina

EuclidElementsFather of geometry

EuripidesBacchaeTrojan WomenElectraPsychology of the individual

Ex CathedraFrom the bishops chairPapal Infallibility

exordiumThe introduction or beginning of introduction in classical rhetoricAnexordiumis a passage which brings the mind of the auditor into a proper condition to receive the rest of the speech. This is accomplished if he becomes well-disposed, attentive, and receptive.(Cicero)

felicityhappiness

Fl./flouritHe flourished

Flagrante delictoIn the blazing misdeed

Four causes of AristotleMaterial, formal, efficient, and finalSubstance, type of thing, maker, end product or purpose or goal.Means of description

Four elementsThe Classical Elements: air, fire, earth, water

Gallia est ominis divisa in partes tres

Gates of horn and ivoryGates at the exit of the Underworldplay upon the words , "horn", and , "fulfil", and upon , "ivory", and , "deceive"

Gnothi se autonKnow thyself

halcyonAlcyone an Ceyx: Ceyx is drowned by Zeus, he appears in a dream to tell Alcyone who then tries to drown herself.The gods turn them both into kingfishers.Halcyon Days are the week in winter with no storm

Hapax legomenonA word, or form, that occurs just once in the history of a languageEmirabitur, in the Pyrrha Ode

HeraclitusThe Weeping PhilosopherChanger: you cannot step into the same river twice.Unity of opposites

HerodotusHistories

HesiodWorks and DaysTheogony

HoraceQuintus Horatius Flaccus

Infra dignitatemBeneath ones dignity

IonicIpse dixitHe said it himselfAn unproven assertion claimed to be authoritative

Julio-ClaudiansImperial family of AugustusTiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero

lacunaA missing section, usually in a manuscript, but any sort of gap.

Laocoon

LesbiaCatullus inspirationSappho

libationLiquid offeringpatera

Liberal artsPursuits of a free manTrivium: grammar, logic, and rhetoricQuadrivium: arithmetic, astronomy, music, geometry

litotesUnderstatementHe was not a little excited about the biscuits.

Livia wife of Augustus

LivyAb Urbe Condita59 BCE 17 CEAdvisor to Augustuss grandnephew, the future emperor, Claudius

79logosWordLogicUses in Christian, Sufi, and Jungian thought.

Lucretiawife of Collatinus, future junior consulEnd of the Monarchy

LucretiusDe rerum naturaAtomism, Epicurean explanation of the cosmosDactylic hexameter

LyceumSchool of Aristotle in Athens

LycurgusLegendary lawgiver of SpartaVirtues of equality among citizenry, military fitness, austerity800-730? BCE

M.A.Magister artium, derived from the licentia docendi from the Sorbonne

M.O.Modus operandiMethod of operating

Maecenas

Political advisor, friend, ally to Octavian(Augustus)A culture minister of sorts to AugustusPatron of many Augustan poets like Horace

Marcus Aurelius

161-180 CElast of the 5 Good EmperorsStoic philosopher, Meditations, a monument to the philosophy of service and duty; how to stay level in the midst of conflict by looking towards natureMartialEpigrams, 12 books, published in Rome 86-103 (Domitian, Nerva, Trajan)Satirized city life and the activities of his acquaintancesFrom SpainFather of modern epigram

Memento moriRemember to die

Messianic eclogueNext, when now the strength of the years has made thee man, even the trader shall quit the sea, nor shall the ship of pine exchange wares; every land shall bear all fruits. The earth shall not feel the harrow, nor the vine the pruning hook; the sturdy ploughman, too, shall now loose his oxen from the yoke. Wool shall no more learn to counterfeit varied hues, but of himself the ram in the meadows shall change his fleece, now to sweetly blushing purple, now to saffron yellow; of its own shall scarlet clothe the grazing lamb.

An eclogue is a pastoral poem that idealizes rural life. The term messianic hints at a promise of rescue or relief. Vergil (70 -19 BCE), Elcogue IV, the Messianic Eclogue. A shift from a timeless to a more historical view of a perfect world.91mimesisImitation or simulated representationArt is an imitation of nature as we write or philosophize to imitate reality.

Mirabile dictuWonderful to tell

Modus vivendiMode of living (together)Agreeing to disagreePrecursors to treaties or accords

Multum in parvoMuch in littleMIPmap