CLC project

Suez Canal University Faculty of engineering Mechanical department

Graduation project

Chemical looping combustion (CLC)

Under supervision of

Prof. Dr. Sayed Ibrahim Abdel-mageed

Dr. Tamer Ismail

Team work

Mohamed Abdelaty Saleh Barakat

Mohamed Ahmed Elsayed Bayoumi

Mohamed Adel Mohamed Fathy

Abdel-Rahman Samir Abd al-Sadiq

Mohamed Mohsen Mohammed

Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed

Mohamed Ibrahim Kamel

Concept of Chemical-looping combustion

-Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology with separation of the greenhouse gas CO2.

-The technique involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier which transfers oxygen from combustion air to the fuel, and hence a direct contact between air and fuel is avoided

-The defining feature of chemical-looping combustion is the circulation of oxygen carrier particles between two main reactors.

Components of project

Experimental procedure

1- Scale weight of coal or solid fuel to use for experiments after choose the diameter fuel.

2- Putting coal in the combustion chamber and make sure that the door is closed well.

3- Make sure all the electrical and mechanical connections for blower, thermocouple and digital reading are alright.

4- Write initial reading of temperature through digital reading.

5- Open source of natural gas or LPG and open the burner.

6- After the stability of the flame turn on the blower.

7- Start reading temperatures for each thermocouple for fixed time period.

8- Stop the source of the natural gas or LPG and continued air source (blower).

9- At the same time we measured properties of the exhaust out of the chimney.

General view of project

experiments and Results discussion

Dimensions of thermocouples on Y axis

(1) 300 gm of coal with 2 cm diameter without CLC Insulation.

Temperature at center of CLC with time change

Max temperature = 114 oC

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Te

mp

era

ture

time (sec)

th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8

Temperature distribution along y axis at center of CLC

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Tem

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y / Y

t=1min

t=2min

t=3min



Cut of LPG after 1 min

Max temperature = 452 oC after five minutes

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th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8


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Tem

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t=1min

t=3min

t=5min

t=7min

t=9min

t=11min

t=13min




Max temperature = 378 oC after 5.5 minutes

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th:1

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maximum temperature at the same condition was 378 oC after 5.5 minutes and it lower than temperature when we use 4 cm diameter so we should try diameter between 4cm and 6cm.

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t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=9min

t=10min

t=11min




Max temperature = 560 oC after 3.5 minutes

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th:1

th:2

th:3

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th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8


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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Te

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y / Y

t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=9min

(5) Fuel used only LPG without CLC Insulation.Temperature at center of CLC with time change

Temperature directly proportional with time

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th:1

th:2

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th:8


highest temperature is 560 oC after 3.3 minutes when we used 5 cm diameter So all improvements will be on this diameter.

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Tem

pe

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t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

t=7min

Improvement (1)

300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and continuous LPG with CLC Insulation.


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th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8


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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Tem

per

atu

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y / Y

t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

Improvement (2)

300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter with CLC Insulation and preheat.


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Tem

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time (sec)

th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8


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Tem

per

atu

re

y / Y

t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=9min

t=10min

Improvement (3)

300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and continuous LPG with CLC Insulation and preheat.


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Tem

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time (sec)

th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8


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Tem

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atu

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y / Y

t=1min

t=2min

t=3min

t=4min

t=5min

t-6min

Temperature distribution along X axis

For 300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter with CLC Insulation and preheat.

For each thermocouple make with change of X axis as figure at center of pipe and two positions before and after center.

Temperature distribution along X axis for thermocouple (4)

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X axis (cm)

t=1min

t=2min

t=4min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=10min


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X axis (cm)

t=1min

t=2min

t=4min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=10min


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X axis (cm)

t=1min

t=2min

t=4min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=10min


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X axis (cm)

t=1min

t=2min

t=4min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=10min


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Te

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X axis (cm)

t=1min

t=2min

t=4min

t-6min

t=7min

t=8min

t=10min

Exhaust Measuring devices

Orsat (kane 400)

It's gas analyzer use for knowing the emission properties

It use to measure CO PPM, CO2, O2 and CO / CO2

How the device uses?

Pressed this button to turn on the device

The device will take 180 sec to make calibration.

Then press this button to pull the emission through pipe.

The device measures the emission component and shows the result on screen.

Use this button to change between results on screen.

Use this button when we want to print the reading and this device operates with Bluetooth with printer.

Change between used fuels and device properties.

emission properties

First experiment

300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and CLC Insulation

0.5 HP blower

So we make assumption, there is incomplete combustion and from that we must increase amount of air. We will use blower 1 HP instead of 0.5 HP to make complete combustion.

Second experiment

300 gm of coal with 5 cm diameter and CLC Insulation

1 HP blower.

These experimental give more improvement and high temperature (max temp = 760 oC)

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tem

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time(sec)

th:1

th:2

th:3

th:4

th:5

th:6

th:7

th:8

But by measuring emission properties appear that Carbon monoxide increase but slower than last experimental and after short time orsat give same reading.

Third experiment

Fuel used is LPG only CLC Insulated and preheated 1 HP blower The orsat pump pulls emission for 12sec.


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t=20min

By measure exhaust properties after 2min from combustion start we got these results.

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CO

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time ( min)

CO

After 2 minute CO is 337 ppm and after 8 minute reach to 1810 ppm

CO2 (percent of exhaust emission)

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CO

2%

time (min )

After 2 minute CO2 is 4.7% and after 8 minute reach to 7.7%

ratio CO / CO2

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0.025

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rati

o C

O /

CO

2

time (min)

Due to increase of CO and CO2 the ratio between CO / CO2

increased from 0.007 to 0.018

O2 (percent of exhaust emission)

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O2

%

time ( min)

Oxygen percent decreased from 13.9% to 9.5%

Steps of use metal powder.

1- Input metal powder from metal powder input valve.

2- Turn on air compressor to oxidize metal powder.

3- Increase air pressure to Move air to cyclone.

4- Turn on all valves which related to oxygen carrier process.

Specification of metal powder we use.

Metal powder: iron (Fe) free carbon with 150 micro meter diameter

It's the most common and one of the cheapest metals available in nature

first experiment with the use of metal powder

-Fuel used is LPG only CLC Insulated and preheated 1 HP blower The orsat pump pulls emission for 12sec

-We used 150 gm of metal powder

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CO

pp

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time(min)

CO


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CO

2%

time(min)

CO2

CO2


Due to decrease of CO and increase of CO2 the ratio between CO / CO2 changed from 0.003 to 0.007

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0.002

0.003

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0.007

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rati

o C

O /

CO

2

time(min)

ratio CO / CO2

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O2

%

time(min)

O2 %


Second experiment with the use of metal powder

Fuel used is coal with 5 cm.

CLC Insulated and preheated.

1 HP blower.

The orsat pump pulls for 12sec.

200 gm of metal powder.

By measure exhaust properties after 1 min after cut off LPG source we got these results


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CO

pp

m

time ( min)

CO


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CO

2%

time (min)

CO2

Due to decrease of CO and increase of CO2 the ratio between CO / CO2 changed from 0.008 to 0.021

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0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

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rati

o C

O /

CO

2

time (min)

ratio CO / CO2


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O2

%

time (min)

O2

From previous experiments we Note that.

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CO

pp

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time ( min)

CO

Coal 5 cm diameter

• Before use metal powder CO is very high more than 4000 ppm

• After use metal powder CO decrease to be maximum 1864 ppm

When we use metal powder carbon dioxide decreased by 53.4%.

Fuel used only LPG

• Before use metal powder maximum value of CO is 1810 ppm

• After use metal powder CO decrease to be maximum 759 ppm

When we use metal powder carbon dioxide decreased by 55.5%.

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CO

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CO

Conclusion and recommend for future work

From previous experiments we find that the best experiment when we use cal 5cm diameter with continues LPG but there are problems Pressure of LPG and flow rate not constant so we recommend using regulator to keep pressure and flow rate constant.

Troubles that may hinder the experiments and its Remedies

1- Exhaust has high percent of carbon monoxide (CO).

Possible troubles.

• Blower doesn't work effectively.

• Low amount of metal powder used.

• Insufficient time to oxidize or reoxidation metal powder.

Remedies.

• Check blower or change blower motor.

• Increase amount of metal powder.

• Decrease pressure of compressor.

2- The fire exit from burner place.

Possible troubles.

• Result of collection of ash has been clogging the grate of coal-bearing.

• Coal input to combustion chamber is too much.

Remedies.

• Clean the combustion chamber by blower or compressed air.

• Reduce amount of Coal input to combustion chamber.

3- Extinguish burner flame after turn on blower.

Possible troubles.

• Low pressure of gas source (LPG).

• Blower make high air flow rate.

• Gas valve semi closed.

Remedies.

• Change gas source (LPG).

• Chang blower motor.

• Open gas valve.

4- Exhaust exit from cyclone.

Possible trouble.

• Back pressure from chimney.

Remedy.

• Install chimney caps to prevent Back pressure.

5- Digital reading show low temperature.

Possible troubles.• Uses low coal diameter for solid fuel.• Low flow rate of gas for LPG or natural gas.• Separate gas source early before solid fuel burned well.• Clogging the grate of coal-bearing and that prevent air to

arrive to combustion chamber.• The gate of fuel input Leaking heat.

Remedies.• Increases coal diameter.• Increase flow rate of gas for LPG or natural gas.• Don't separate gas source until make sure solid fuel burned

well.• Clean the combustion chamber by blower or compressed air.• Isolate the gate of fuel input.

Documents

CLC project