Clauses & Sentence Types

Day 3…It’s Wednesday! Time to make the sentences!

DGP is about using the building blocks early in the week to understand the overall types of sentences you have.

Wednesday Daily Grammar Practice

Need more details?

[ ] - put around each clause ind cl - independent clause adj dep cl - adjective dependent clause adv dep cl - adverb dependent clause SS - simple sentence CD - compound sentence CX - complex sentence DEC - declarative sentence EXC - exclamatory sentence INT - interrogative sentence IMP - imperative sentence

Abbreviations

Look

inside!

How to get started: 1. Evaluate how many subject -verb pai rs you have that make up clauses. 2 . Identify each clause by placing brackets around each one. 3 . Label each clause as independent or dependent ( i f dependent, is i t ad ject iva l or adverbia l?)

3 . Look at the types of clauses and label the sentence by type (simple, compound, complex , or compound-complex) 4 . Label the sentence by purpose.

Grammar – Much to

learn I still have!

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Independent Clauses Every sentence must have at least one

independent clause.

The independent clause is a COMPLETE

THOUGHT and can stand ALONE.

An independent clause does not start with a

relative pronoun or subordinating

conjunction

Independent clauses can be joined with

coord inating conjunctions or semi -

colons .

Coordinating Conjunctions = FANBOYS

for and nor but or yet so

Dependent Clauses Dependent clauses are also called subordinate clauses. The dependent clause can NEVER stand alone. A dependent clause starts with a relative pronoun or a subordinating conjunction.

Common Subordinate Conjunctions because as since if while although after

though whenever even as if when until so that before unless

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS TYPICALLY

START ADVERB DEPENDENT CLAUSES!!

Relative Pronouns that which who whom whose

RELATIVE PRONOUNS TYPICALLY START

ADJECTIVE DEPENDENT CLAUSES!!

CLAUSES EVERY clause must have a subject and verb Types: Independent – A complete thought that can stand alone. Dependent – Contains a least one subject and one verb but is not a complete thought; typically begins with a relative pronoun or subordinating conjunction.

Ves t ibulum veh icula purus sed

urna.

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Adverb Dependent Clauses - Acts like an adverb and will usually modify a verb in the independent clause. - Usually starts with a subordinating conjunction (See list on pg. 5) Examples: ind. cl. adv. dep. cl. [The boys will eat] [before the bells ring.] **”before the bells ring” tells when the boys will eat

adv. dep. cl. ind. cl. [If the dress is too long,] [we will hem it.] **”if the dress is too long” tell when the dress will be hemmed adv. dep. cl ind. cl. [After I finish painting the bookcases,] [I will call you.]

**”after I finish painting the bookcases” tells when the person will call

Adjective Dependent Clauses - Acts like an adjective to modify a noun of pronoun in the independent clause. - Usually starts with a relative pronoun (See list on pg. 2) Examples: ind. cl. ad j. dep. cl. [She likes the guy] [who sits in f ront of her] **”who sits in front of her” tells which guy ind. cl. ad j. dep. cl. [I want a bicycle] [that I can r ide over rough ground.] **”that I can ride over rough ground” tells what kind of bike start of ind. cl. ad j. dep. cl. end of ind. cl. [The new food [that the veterinarian recommended] is good for our hamster.] **”that the veterinarian recommended” tells which food

cont. Just to review… Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, and answer the questions: What kind? Which one? How many? Adverb modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, and answer the questions: How? When? Where? To what extent? **Use these basic adjective and adverb principals to guide your labeling of dependent clause types.

Types of Dependent Clauses

Adjectival

and Adverbial

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Sentence Types

Sentence types are classified by the kinds of clauses that they contain.

Simple sentence = one independent clause Examples: S V [A good rain w il l help the farmers. ] S S V [Chalupas and faji tas are two popular Mexican d ishes.] S S V V [The dog and the kitten lay there and napped.]

1.

2.

3.

Compound sentence = two or more independent clauses Examples: S V S V [Sarah wrote about her mother,] and [Leroy wrote about h is cousin f rom Jamaica.]

S V S V

[Noah l ikes apples; Sarah l ikes oranges .]

Complex sentence = one independent clause + one or more dependent clauses Examples: S V S V [When I hear classical music,] [ I think of Aunt Sof ia.] S S V V [Helen Keller, [who overcame severe physical impairments,] showed great strength.]

4. Compound-Complex = two or more independent clauses + one or more dependent clauses Examples: S V S V S V [Whenever we go on vacation,] [our neighbors mow our yard,] and [they collect our mail .] S V S V S V [The band played,] and [Sue was pulled onto the floor for a dance] [ that was start ing. ]

Notice: 2 subjects and 2 verbs but they cannot

be grouped into more than one subject/verb

pair, therefore there is only one clause.

LOOK!! The dependent

clause is INSIDE the

independent clause!!

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Sentence Purpose Declarative sentence – makes a STATEMENT and ends in a period. Examples: Amy Tan was born in Oakland, California. I couldn’t hear what Jason said. Interrogative sentence – asks a QUESTION and ends in a question mark. Examples: When did you return from your camping trip? Did the surfboard cost much? Imperative sentence – gives a COMMAND and ends in a period. Examples: Be quiet during the play. Please give me another piece of melon. **Don’t forget that the subject of an imperative sentence is the UNDERSTOOD “YOU.” Exclamatory sentence – expresses STRONG FEELINGS and ends in an exclamation point Examples: Gabrielle won the match! How terrifying the movie was!

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