Classifying the ElementsClassifying the Elements

Prentice-Hall Chapter 6.2Prentice-Hall Chapter 6.2Dr. YagerDr. Yager

ObjectivesObjectives

DescribeDescribe the information in the periodic table the information in the periodic table

ClassifyClassify elements based on electron elements based on electron configurationconfiguration

DistinguishDistinguish representative elements and representative elements and transition elementstransition elements

What’s On the Periodic TableWhat’s On the Periodic Table

Colors Distinguish GroupsColors Distinguish Groups

The Group 1A elements are called The Group 1A elements are called alkali metalsalkali metals..

The Group 2A elements are called The Group 2A elements are called alkaline alkaline earth metalsearth metals..

The Group 7A elements are called The Group 7A elements are called halogenshalogens..

Physical Properties of Alkali MetalsPhysical Properties of Alkali Metals

Electron ConfigurationElectron Configuration

Elements can be sorted into noble gases, Elements can be sorted into noble gases, representative elements, transition metals, representative elements, transition metals, or inner transition metals based on their or inner transition metals based on their electron configurations. electron configurations.

Noble GasNoble GasThe The noble gasesnoble gases are the elements in Group 8A are the elements in Group 8A of the periodic table. The electron configurations of the periodic table. The electron configurations for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are for the first four noble gases in Group 8A are listed below.listed below.

The Representative ElementsThe Representative Elements

Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often Elements in groups 1A through 7A are often referred to as referred to as representative elementsrepresentative elements because because they display a wide range of physical and they display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. chemical properties.

•The The ss and and pp sublevels of the highest occupied sublevels of the highest occupied energy level are not filled.energy level are not filled.

•The group number equals the number of The group number equals the number of electrons in the highest occupied electrons in the highest occupied .. .. energy level.energy level.

Group 1AGroup 1A

There is only one electron in the highest occupied There is only one electron in the highest occupied energy level. energy level.

Group 4AGroup 4A

There are four electrons in the highest occupied There are four electrons in the highest occupied energy level.energy level.

Representative ElementsRepresentative Elements

Magnesium is used by chlorophyll in plants to convert sunlight into chemical energy.

There are two types of transition elements:There are two types of transition elements:

Transition metals Transition metals Inner transition metals Inner transition metals

They are classified based on their electron They are classified based on their electron configurations.configurations.

Transition ElementsTransition Elements

Transition ElementsTransition Elements

In atoms of a In atoms of a transition metaltransition metal, the highest , the highest occupied occupied ss sublevel and a nearby sublevel and a nearby dd sublevel sublevel contain electrons. contain electrons.

In atoms of an In atoms of an inner transition metalinner transition metal, the , the highest occupied highest occupied ss sublevel and a nearby sublevel and a nearby ff sublevel generally contain electrons.sublevel generally contain electrons.

Blocks of ElementsBlocks of Elements

HydrogenHydrogen Hydrogen is the most common element in the

universe. It is estimated that three out of every four atoms in

the universe are hydrogen. Because it consists of just one proton and one

electron, hydrogen behaves unlike any other element.

Hydrogen is in a class by itself in the periodic table.

With its one electron, hydrogen can react with many other elements, including oxygen.

1. Which of the following information 1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?included in a periodic table?

a)a) colorcolor

b)b) symbolsymbol

c)c) atomic numberatomic number

d)d) atomic massatomic mass

1. Which of the following information 1. Which of the following information about elements is usually NOT about elements is usually NOT included in a periodic table?included in a periodic table?

a)a) colorcolor

b)b) symbolsymbol

c)c) atomic numberatomic number

d)d) atomic massatomic mass

2. An alkali metal would have in the 2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy levelhighest occupied energy level

a)a) an san s22 electron electron

b)b) an san s11 electron electron

c)c) pp22 electrons electrons

d)d) pp66 electrons electrons

2. An alkali metal would have in the 2. An alkali metal would have in the highest occupied energy levelhighest occupied energy level

a)a) an san s22 electron electron

b)b) an san s11 electron electron

c)c) pp22 electrons electrons

d)d) pp66 electrons electrons

3. Which one of the following is 3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? incorrectly labeled?

a)a) Ne, noble gasNe, noble gas

b)b) Cu, transition metalCu, transition metal

c)c) Ga, transition metalGa, transition metal

d)d) Cl, halogenCl, halogen

3. Which one of the following is 3. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? incorrectly labeled?

a)a) Ne, noble gasNe, noble gas

b)b) Cu, transition metalCu, transition metal

c)c) Ga, transition metalGa, transition metal

d)d) Cl, halogenCl, halogen

4.4. Transition metals are characterized as Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative being different than representative elements because they have electrons elements because they have electrons in which orbitals? in which orbitals?

a)a) pp

b)b) dd

c)c) ss

d)d) ff

4.4. Transition metals are characterized as Transition metals are characterized as being different than representative being different than representative elements because they have electrons elements because they have electrons in which orbitals? in which orbitals?

a)a) pp

b)b) dd

c)c) ss

d)d) ff