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Classification vs. Taxonomy
Taxonomy – branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to similar characteristics
Classification – scheme or mechanism by which organisms are organized
Problems? Common names can be misleading
Sea cucumber sounds like a plant
but… it’s an animal!
Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is!
Problems?Common names vary from place to place
Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal
ProblemsSame organisms have different names in
different countries.
ChipmunkStreifenhornchen (German)Tamia (Italian)Ardilla listada (Spanish)
Middle Ages - SolutionSome early scientists devised scientific
names using long descriptions in LATIN.
Ex. RED OAK tree
Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis
“oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”
PROBLEM w/ Latin Naming?
Names too long, hard to remember!
Names don’t show relationships between different animals
Carolus Linnaeus to the rescue!Carolus Linneaus:
devised a classification system based on _________________
(Organism’s form & structure)
(1707-1778)
MORPHOLOGY
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE(2 name naming system)
• 1st name = _______________– Always capitalized
•2nd name = _________________–Always lower case
•Both names are ______________ or written in ____________.
GENUS NAME
SPECIES IDENTIFIER
UNDERLINED ITALICS
KingdomPhylum
ClassOrder
Family Genus
Species
King PhillipCameOverForGoodSpaghetti
SEVEN LEVELS OF TAXONOMIC ORGANIZATION
KingdomPhylum
Class Order
Family Genus
Species
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
leo
HEIRARCHY
So what do we use now?
Still uses Linnaeus’s system:
but we have added more _____________KINGDOMS
Remember: Aristotle only had 2.
MODERN TAXONOMY