ClassificationRYLIE WILLIAMS

DEANNA HOLBY

What is Classification?

To group according to like traits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKwOlAqQoLk

Classification activities

Classification Activityevolution

How is it used? Why is it needed?

• To group and separate organisms into groups with like organisms

• only 5 million have been recognized• Around 7-8 million organisms need

discovered• Helps to organized

Taxonomists

• Science of naming, describing, classifying • Use 4 methods to classify

• Homologous structures

• Evidence from genetics/biochemistry

• Similarities in embryonic development

• Phylogeny

Homologous Structures

• Share similar structures • Different functions

Genetics and biochemistry

• Similar DNA• Similar proteins

Embryotic development

• Similar traits• Similar look while developing• Similar development time

Embryotic game

Embryotic Game

Phylogeny

• Evolutionary history of organism• EVOLUTION

• How we came into existence

• How we are related to past organisms

• Driving force of evolution, natural selection

Big Ideas in Evolution

Evolution Game

Evolution Game

1) DNA

• Holds code of life• Makes proteins to give traits• Mutations – alter DNA > alter proteins

• Most mutations are evolutionary neutral

2) Natural Selection

• Adaptions to help survive• “Survival of the fittest”• The strongest and smartest survive

Natural Selection Games

Natural Selection GameEvolvo Game

3) Speciation

• When 1 population is isolated from another• Usually geological

4) Selective Breeding/Bio Technology

• Deliberate change of genetic makeup• Cloning

5) Fossil Record

• Shows development of organisms• Shows changes throughout history

History – Aristotle

• Greek philosopher• Created 1st system of classification

• Divided living organisms into two groups

• Based on physical traits

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1prFia-7NE

History - Aristotle

• Plant• Structure • Examples

• Large woody

• Small woody

• Soft stemmed

• Animal• Habitat• Examples

• Land

• Air

• Water

History – Carl Linnaeus

• System of classification (1700s)• Still used today

Binomial Nomenclature

• Bi = 2• Nomial = name• Nomenclature = naming system• Two-name (2 word) naming system• Scientific name

Scientific Name

• Two-word name• Universally used• Made up of Genus and species• Genus name capitalized, species lowercase• Example: Homo sapien

• Homo – Genus

• sapien – Species

Common Names

• Different names for the same organisms depending on where they live

• Example: Dog• Canid

• Man’s best friends

• K9

• Perro

Common Names Cont.

• All the same animal• Canis lupus familiaris (scientific name)

8 Division of Classification• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species

*Largest(most broad) to smallest(most specific)*

8 Divisions of Classification Cont

• Domain is the widest division• Species is the most specific

Domain

• The broadest classification• Divided into 3 parts

• Archaebacteria

• Eubacteria

• Eukarya

Archaebacteria

• “Ancient Bacteria”• First living cells• Live in extreme conditions• Know as extremophiles• Live in

• Swaps

• Guts

• Hot springs

Eubacteria

• True Bacteria• Effects everyday life

• Tooth Decay

• Spoils food

• Causes illness

• Evolved from Archaebacteria

Eukarya

• True nucleus• Contains organisms whose cells contain nucleus• Nucleus

• brain of cell

• Contains DNA

• 4 Kingdoms of Eukarya

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSuRoDGpKWw

Four Kingdoms

• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Animalia

Four Kingdoms

Phylogenic Tree

• Organizes things based on context of evolution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYRYQ6YFsow

Cladogram

• Shared derived characteristics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46L_2RI1

k3k

Hybrids

Organisms of the same genus but different species

Offspring that are usually sterile

Fun Facts!

• Tigon – off spring of a tiger and lioness• Zebroid – Shetland pony and Zebra• Cloned Sheep

Works cited• "Dog." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 04 Jan. 2015.

• "Scholastic.com | Teacher: Online Activities: Scholastic Explorations: Classify Insects: Zoom in on True Bugs." Scholastic.com | Teacher: Online Activities: Scholastic Explorations: Classify Insects: Zoom in on True Bugs. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015

• "Charles Darwin's Game of Survival : Science Channel." Science Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015

• VanCott, Rachel. "Guess the Embryo." PBS. PBS, 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

• PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

• "Evolvo." Evolvo. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

Works Cited

• "Learn Biology: Classification- The Taxonomic Hierarchy." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

• "13.1.1 Aristotle and Early Classification." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

• "Learn Biology: Classification- Domains." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.

• "Phylogenetic Trees." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 08 Jan. 2015.