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Classification Review
A. How are living things classified?1. Biologists use Taxonomy- science of
classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms.
a. Binomial nomenclature- two word naming system. Each species name has two parts: Genus name and Species name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .
B. Who started all this?• Carolus Linnaeus- Swedish botanist, 18th
Century, developed two name system.
1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to taxonomy.
2. Linnaeus’s system had 7 levels of organization, each level called a taxon (taxa-pl.)
3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- Animalia or Plantae
4. Today we have 6 kingdoms
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
Scientific Name=
Genus and Species
Ex: Homo sapien
Rules:
1. Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case.
2. Both are always italicized or underlined
Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda
Red fox Abert squirrel
Coral snake
Sea star
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Section 18-1
Classification of Ursus arctos
Go to Section:
Species name is most specific!
Dichotomous key• Series of questions that can be answered in only
one or two ways. • Once you complete the question series you will
be able to identify your organisms.• Question are very specific and based on
physical appearances
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Prokaryote
Cell wallsNo nucleusCilia, flagella
Unicellular
Autotroph/ heterotroph
Strep., E- coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Cell wallsNo nucleusCilia, flagella
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
X-tremophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplastscilia, flagella
Most unicellular; some multicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
Eukaryote
Cell walls of chitin
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
Multicellular
Autotroph
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Animalia
Eukaryote
No cell walls or chloroplasts
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Section 18-3
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Go to Section:
E. Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom
• Live in very extreme environments
• Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement
• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell
with no nucleus• Reproduce asexually• Can be helpful & harmful
F. Kingdom Eubacteria
• Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere
• Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement
• Unicellular – single celled• Prokaryote – simple cell
with no nucleus• Reproduce Asexually• Can be helpful & harmful
G. Kingdom Protista
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Most reproduce asexually, some sexually
• Very diverse kingdom• Can be autotrophs
(producers) or heterotrophs (consumers)
• Can be unicellular or multicellular
• Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Diatoms, Euglena
H. Kingdom Fungi
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Multicellular (except yeast)
• Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually
• Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat!
• Important decomposers• Examples: Mushrooms,
mold, lichens
I. Kingdom Plantae
• Eukaryote – complex cell with a nucleus
• Multicellular• Autotrophs (producers) –
they carry out photosynthesis
• Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually
• Cell wall made of cellulose
J. Kingdom Animalia
• Hey! That’s You!• Eukaryote – complex
cell with a nucleus• Multicellular• Heterotrophs
(consumers)• Reproduce sexually• Examples: insects,
fish, humans