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G.Santhana Krishnan

Training Division

e 

out 

n a 

ext e 

esearc Association

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Manufacturing  Application 

technique

areas 

Type of  raw 

material

Classification 

of  Textiles

 

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Natural resources( non Thermo

Man Made fibers(thermo plastic, thermo set)

Natural fibers

 there

 are

 limitation

 in

 properties

 

and having more variations 

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•   Plants (seeds,

 stem,

 leaf 

 &

 seed)

•   Anima  Hair, sa iva

•   Mineral (basalt)

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•

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Different stages in

the silk mill: brushing

(drawing out the end of 

the thread), extracting,

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•   . 

•   2. Synthetic

 fibers

•   3. Hig   per ormance  i ers

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YARNS

CONTINUOUS 

FILAMENT  SPUN‐STAPLE

FLAT FIBRE LENGTH  SPINNING

 

METHODSYARN

 CONSTRUCTION 

(COMPOUND)

TEXTURED SHORT STAPLE RING SPUN  FOLDED OR 

DOUBLED YARN  CABLED YARN NOVELTY YARNS

METALLIC YARNS

FILM (TAPE OR 

SPLIT)

 

TWISTLESS   FANCY YARNS

 

WRAP SPUN

CORE SPUN

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•  

1.Warp yarn

 

More even an   Hig y twiste   or  ig   strengt

2.Hosiearnry 

, 

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RotorYarn Package

Transport 

Air Channel

ee   oSliver

Condenser

Sliver

Feed PlateTrashCombing Roll

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b

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Fabric ManufacturingPolymers

Fibers

Yarns

Woven Knitted Braided   Non‐woven

Fabrics

Application

 

makes the fabric directly from fibers.

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•  

•   Knitted fabrics

•   Non woven  a rics

•  Braided

 structures

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a r c pro uct onmethod

ate o a r cproduction

 eav ng m m n

 

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ere are norma y  wo s eps  or 

making non

‐woven

 products.

. e   orma on

2. Bonding systems

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‐

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•  

parellel manner 

cross direction

•   By  means of  cross laper, delivery of  web 

turned to

 right

 angle

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•  

deposited on

 a perforated

 sheet

 or

 drum

•

  Fibers 

dispersed 

in 

water 

and 

deposited 

on 

a 

per orate   e t an   ra n  Paper, Tea  ag 

technic)

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 –   Needled felts

 –  Adhesives

 –   Heat bonding

 – 

  Stitch bonding

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Needle punching

Cross section of  a needle‐punched bonded 

fabric.

Fibers held together by frictional 

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•  

adhesive. Where

 strength

 is

 not

 enough

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.

Webs may also be given extra strength by stitching them 

Such structures are usually more flexible 

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•   It is  ossible to tan le filaments to ether to 

form 

a 

web. 

Such 

webs 

are 

much 

stronger 

than web

 made

 from

 staple

 fibres.

•   The thermoplastic filaments are welded to 

each other to form a strong fabric suitable for 

. 

•   Sometimes, the filaments are textured before 

web formation. This allows  reater 

extensibility of 

 the

 fabric

 in

 use.

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•  

•   Shirting

•   Intimate  a rics

•

  Vanity fabrics

•   Technical Textiles

 

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•   Geogrids ‐ reinforce slopes beneath the waste, walls, cover soils 

above geomembranes;

•   Geonets ‐

 in‐plane

 drainage;

•   Geomembranes – a barrier to liquids, gases and/or vapors and 

an   caps; 

•   Geocomposites –for separation, filtration or drainage;

•   Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) ‐ an infiltration/hydraulic barrier; 

,  , 

•   Geopipes ‐ landfill applications to facilitate collection and rapid 

drainage of  the leachate to a sump and removal system;

•   Geotextiles ‐ filtration  ur ose or as cushion to  rotect the 

geomembrane from puncture.

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•   General surface finishes  mechanical finishes 

chemical finishes)

•   Functional Finishes

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 ffffff 

Resistance to sunlight and UV degradation

Abrasion resistance

 

Soil resistance and easy cleanability

Resistant to microbes and other bacteria

 

Softer handle and touch

Water proof (water proof & breathable)

ffffff

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Controlled fragrance release 

Anti Bacterial

 finish

camouflage

Non sensetivity by radors

Radiation Sheilding

Glow fabrics

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