CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

WHAT DO WE LOOK AT?

We first look at the type of cell it has.

PROKARYOTIC CELLS(Bacteria-Kingdoms Archaebacteria and

Eubacteria; Does not have a nucleus)VS

EUKARYOTIC CELL(Found in the Protist, Fungi, Plant and

Animal Kingdom; has a nucleus)

EUKARYOTIC CELLPROKARYOTIC CELL

HAS A NUCLEUS WITH DNA INSIDE

HAS NO NUCLEUS BUT HAS DNA WHICH IS FOUND IN THE CELL

PROTIST FUNGI

FUNGI

PROTSTARCHAEBACTERIA/EUBACTERIA SOME PROTIST

Specialized Cell Parts

• Bacteria- have a type of cell wall that are made mostly of a chemical called peptidoglycan

• Plant- like Protist have cell walls with cellulose• Fungi- cell walls with chemical chitin in it• Plants have cell walls with chemical cellulose

in it. Also have chloroplasts with chemical green pigment called chlorophyll.

Method of NutritionAutotrophic vs Heterotrophic

CAN MAKE OWN FOOD WITHIN IT’S BODYARE PRODUCERSMAKES IT FOOD EITHER THROUGH: PHOTOSYNTHESIS USING LIGHTORCHEMOSYNTHESIS USING CHEMICALSMOST ARE GREEN IN COLOR DUE TO THE CHLOROPLAST THAT HAS A CHEMICAL CALLED CHLOROPHYLLKINGDOMS:PLANT KINGDOM-photosynthesisPLANT-LIKE PROTISTS KINGDOM-photosynthesisSOME ARCHAEBACTERIA-photosynthesis and some chemosynthesisSOME EUBACTERIA CALLED CYANOBACTERIA-photosynthesisSome Eubacteria makes food through chemosynthesis

CANNOT MAKE IT’S OWN FOOD HAS TO GET FOOD FROM ANOTHER SOURCE

ARE CONSUMERS

Fungi Kingdom have hyphae that help move substances quickly as they decompose.

KINGDOMS:SOME PROTISTS KINGDOM ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTSALL FUNGUS KINGDOMSOME ARCHAEBACTERIASOME EUBACTERIAALL OF ANIMAL KINGDOM-carnivore, omnivore, herbivore with the correct type of teeth.

Types/Names of organisms in each Kingdom

• Archaebacteria- methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles

• Eubacteria– Saprohyte feed on dead organisms– Cyanobacteria-blue-green algae– Nitrogen fixing bacteria– Streptococcus bacteria – strep– Staphylococcus aureus- staph infection– Lactobacillus makes yougurt/cheeseBacteria have 3 shapes: Coccus (round), Bacillus (rod), Spirillum (spiral shape)

ArchaebacteriaBacteria found in extreme conditions.

Classified according to where they live or how they get energy.

Eubacteria

Bacteria

Cyanobacteria

• Saprophyte –Organism uses dead organisms as

food and energy source.• Aerobe

–Organisms that use oxygen to break down food and obtain energy through respiration.

• Anaerobe–Organism that is adapted to live

without oxygen.• Bacteria that live in the intestines of animals/humans.

Where do bacteria live?

Bacteria live almost everywhere.

AirFoodOn your skinInside your bodyUndergroundBottom of the oceans

Types/names continued• Protist

– Divided into 3 groups-• Plant-like (algae, euglenas, diatoms (used in toothpaste,

reflective paint); dinoflagellates-cause red tide;)• Animal-like- (most move like amoebas, paramecium;

some do not move like• Fungus-like (downy mildew (caused the Irish potato

famine), water molds, slime mold)

• Plant-like protist -Diatoms used in toothpaste and glass,

reflective paint.

-Dinoflagellates can cause Red Tide

-Euglenas have both plant and animal like characteristics

- Red, green and brown algae –excellent food source for aquatic animals

• Animal-like Protist (Protozoa)– Ciliates –ex. Paramecium– Flagellates- move with flagella– Pseudopods-ex. Amoebas (some can cause

dysentery)– Sporozoans- animal-like that cannot move by

themselves, live in a host (ex. Plasmodium lives in mosquito and can cause malaria)

Types/Names of Organism

• Fungi– Divided into four phylums

• Sac Fungi-yeast, morels, truffles• Club fungi- mushrooms, puff balls, rusts• Zygote fungi-mold that grows on fruit and

bread• Imperfect fungi-penicillium

Fungus

Types/Names of Organism• Plantae

– Divided into Divisions instead of phylums– Non Vascular-have no vessels to transport

materials: mosses, liverworts, worts– Vascular have vascular vessels to transport water and

food throughout the plant.• Seedless plants-, horsetails, club mosses, ferns• Seeded plants:

–Angiosperms- flowering plants and fruit–Gymnosperms- are plants that produce

seeds not protected by fruit. Ex. Conifers, pines, spruce

Seedless Non-Vascular Plants

Mosses

Liverworts

Hornworts

• Vascular Seedless Plants

Ferns

Horsetails

Vascular Seed Plants

• Gymnosperms like Conifers

Vascular Seed Plants

• Angiosperms

Types/Names of Organism continued

• Animal Kingdom– Move from place to place for most part

• Divided into Invertebrates (no backbone) /(8 phylums)and Vertebrates (chordates) divided into 5 classes– Chordates-5 classes

• Fish• Amphibian• Reptiles• Birds• MammalsSee Animal Phylogeny Chart

ANIMAL PHYLOGENY

ANIMAL KINGDOM INVERTEBRATES VERTEBRATES

(chordates)Porifera Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Ectotherms Endotherms

Fish Amphibians Reptiles

Mollusca Annelids Arthropods Birds Mammals

(segmented Gastropods worms) Insects Bivalves (pelecypod) Myriapoda

Cephalopods Crustaceans

Arachnids

ECHINODERMATA

SEA STARSSEA CUCUMBERS

SEA URCHINS

SAND DOLLARS

Platyhelminthes NematodaCoelenterata

ASEXUAL VS SEXUAL REPRODUCTIONREQUIRES ONLY 1 ORGANISMFISSIONBUDDINGREGENERATION

KINGDOMS:ARCHAEBACTERIA-fissionEUBACTERIA-fission(Fission is a process that produces two new cells with genetic material identical to each other.Fission is the simplest form of asexual reproduction.)

SOME PROTIST KINGDOMSOME FUNGI KINDOM

SOME PLANT KINDOMS

SOME ANIMAL KINGDOM-SIMPLE ANIMALS like sponge, coral, starfish

REQUIRES 2 ORGANISM –MALE AND FEMALE

Sperm and Egg

KINGDOMS:

ALL KINGDOMS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY