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Classification of Organisms
Section 1: Categories of Biological Classification
Section 2: How Biologists Classify Organisms
Taxonomy• Taxonomy is the
science of naming and classifying organisms
• Binomial nomenclature- Linnaeus’ 2 word system (Genus species)
• Scientific name:honey beeApis mellifera
Scientific Name
• 1st letter of Genus is capitalized• 1st letter of species is lower case• Name is usually written in italics • Red Oak = Quercus rubra
Classifying Organisms
• 3 Domains (new ??) Prokaryotes - Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryotes - Protist, Fungi, Plants, Animals
• Levels of Classification Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is a Species?
• Biological species - a group of natural populations that are interbreeding or that could interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other such groups (natural barriers - geography)
# of Species• Some groups of
species do not have barriers and can reproduce unlimitedly
• 1.5 million species identified in world today
• 5-10 million more are believed to be in the tropics alone (rainforests)
• New species identified regularly
Evolutionary History• Phylogeny- system of classification based on
similarities (evolutionary history)• Convergent evol. Species evolve independently of
one another, but have similarities due to similar habitat.
• Analogous characters- similarities that arise through convergent evolution
Evolutionary Systematics • Claudistics- focus on sets of unique traits
found in a group of organisms• Phylogenic Tree- represents a hypothesis of
evolutionary history that may be inferred b/c it wasn’t observed