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Classification of Matter. Matter. Can it be separated?. YES. NO. Mixtures. Substances. Is the composition uniform?. NO. Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?. YES. YES. NO. Homogenous mixture. Heterogeneous mixture. Elements. Compounds. (gold, silver, carbon). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Classification of MatterMatter
Mixtures
Substances
Homogenous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture
Compounds
Elements
Can it be separated?
YES NO
Is the composition uniform?
YES NO Can it be decomposed by ordinary chemical means?
NOYES
(water, sodium chloride)
(gold, silver, carbon)sugar in water blood,
chocolate chip cookie, sand
Properties of Matter Extensive- depend on the
amount of matter that is presentVolume, mass
Intensive- do not depend on the amount of matter presentMelting point, boiling point, density
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
Physical Property: characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance Melting point, boiling point
Physical Change: change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance Cutting, boiling, grinding, melting, dissolving
Chemical Properties and Changes
Chemical Property: relates to the substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances
Ability of iron to rust when combined with oxygen in the air
Chemical Change: change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances Burning, combustion, decomposition
Physical or Chemical? Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius Diamonds are capable of cutting glass Water can be separated by electrolysis
into hydrogen and oxygen Sugar is capable of dissolving in water Vinegar will react with baking soda Yeast acts on sugar to form carbon
dioxide and ethanol Wood is flammable
PP
CPC
CC
Which statement describes a chemical property
of hydrogen gas?(1) Hydrogen gas burns in air.(2) Hydrogen gas is colorless.(3) Hydrogen gas has a density of 0.000 09
g/cm3at STP.(4) Hydrogen gas has a boiling point of 20. K
at standard pressure.
Separating Mixtures Filtration Vaporization Decanted Centrifuge (based on density) Chromatography (based on polarity) Magnetism Density
Diatomic Elements Chemical elements whose stable form at
STP consists of diatomic molecules Iodine I2 Bromine Br2 Chlorine Cl2 Fluorine F2 Oxygen O2 Nitrogen N2 Hydrogen H2
Symbols s= solid l = liquid g = gas aq = aqueous (dissolved in water)
Metals are on left Non-metals are on right Transition metals are in the middle Metalloids or semi-metals on “Boron
staircase”
Elements which are gases at room temperature
Hydrogen Helium Fluorine Chlorine Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon Oxygen Nitrogen
Elements that are liquids at room temperature
Bromine Mercury
All other elements are solids at room temperature