Classification of Matter

Atoms,Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Lesson Objective• Atoms• Elements• Molecules• Compounds• Mixtures

What is matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space!!!! Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass. There are the states of matter.

The Atom

Atoms

• ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that maintains the characteristics of an element

• Makes up everything in the universe

• Think one of the math blocks

The Atom

NucleusProtons

ProtonA positively charged sub-atomic particle (+). Atomic Mass=1 amu

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Introducing Little Miss “Element”

Hi! I am Little Miss “Element”I am PURE SUBSTANCE

I cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by

means of a chemical reaction*

*Chemical process refers to chemical reaction or heat

ElementsDefinition of an element:

An element is a pure substance (entirely one type of atom) which cannot be split up

into two or more simpler substances by chemical means.

Sugar is not an element as it can be broken down into carbon and water.

Elements

Contain only 1 type of atom

Element 1 Element 2

Note that an element:

• Consists of only one kind of atom,

• Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means

• Can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g., nitrogen).

Elements

Examples of elementsElements are made up of tiny particles

Elements can be further classified into two groups:

Is the smallest particle of an element and has

the same chemical propertiesof the element

Is made up of two or moreatoms that are chemically

bonded together

(note: these atoms are of the SAME element!!)

Hi, I am from the “Noble gas” family and I work alone

We same

same!!

These are elements!

Atoms of same element

Cu

copper element

Na

sodium element

He

helium element

Molecules of same element

HHydrogen gas element

O

H

OO

ozone

AtomsAn element is made of tiny particles called atoms.

The atoms of an element is different from that of another element.

Elements- Atoms

Microscopic view of the atoms of the element argon (gas phase).

Consists of only one kind

of atom

What is an atom?Examples of models of atoms:

H Na Cl

Hydrogen atom

Sodium atom

Chlorine atom

MoleculesVery few elements exists as

atoms besides elements such

as helium and neon.

Most elements exist as

molecules.

For example, hydrogen

is H2.

Ozone is O3.

Elements-Molecules

Microscopic view of the molecules of the element nitrogen (gas phase).

Consists of only one kind

of atom

Examples of molecules (elements)

H H

N N

O

O

O

O O S

SS

SS

S

SS

Chemical Symbols of Elements

Chemists use symbols to represent elements.

For example, O represents oxygen while Fe represents iron.

Element Symbol Element Symbol

Calcium Ca Mercury Hg

Carbon C Neon Ne

Hydrogen H Silicon Si

Iron Fe Sodium Na

Introducing Little Miss “Compounds”

Harlow! Hehee!!!*giggles*

I am also a PURE SUBSTANCEI am made up of a fixed number

of two or more elements chemically combined.

CompoundsNote that a compound:

• can be broken down into a simpler type of matter (elements) by chemical means (but not by physical means),

• has properties that are different from its component elements

A compound is a substance which is made up of two or more elements chemically combined together.

What is a compound?

- Chemical reactions taking place.

Qn: Is this a compound?

It only contains one type of element.

Qn: Is this a compound?

It only contains one type of element.

H

O

HO

O

Qn: Is this a compound?

It is not chemically combined.

CompoundsWhen two or more elements are joined together using

energy (e.g. Heat)

Element 1 Element 2 Compound

Compounds

Microscopic view of the molecules of the compound water (gas phase). Oxygen atoms are red and hydrogen atoms are white.

Introducing Little Mr. “Mixture”

Burp!!!! I am messy!

I am formed when two or more substances joined together physically (without chemical

bonds)

I have the same properties as all the substances

AIR

I am his best friend!

MixturesDefinition of a mixture:

A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of

molecules which are not chemically combined together.

MixturesNote that a mixture:

• consists of two or more different elements and/or compounds NOT chemically combined.

• can be separated into its components by physical means

Microscopic view of a gaseous mixture containing two elements (argon and nitrogen) and a compound (water).

Mixtures

Mixtures

• Examples of mixtures include salt and pepper.

Little Mr “Mixture”

A Mixture can be:• element + element

• element + compound• compound + compound

He is a “boo-boo!”

He can be separated to its substances by physical

methods

MixturesElements can be mixed NOT JOINED to make a

mixture

Mixture 1

Mixtures

Can be separated to get the elements

Mixture 1 Element 1 Element 2

A mixture of 2 elements

A mixture of two elements, e.g. neon (Ne) and hydrogen (H2)

A mixture of 1 element and

1 compoundA mixture of one element and one compound, e.g. hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3)

A mixture of 2 compounds

A mixture of two compounds, e.g. water vapour (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

ConclusionAn element is a pure substance which cannot be

split up into two or more simpler substances by chemical means.

A compound consist of a fixed number of different kinds of atoms chemically combined together.

A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not chemically combined together.

Differences between mixtures and compounds

*giggles*

HeE stupid…

Laugh what? I know I am a

little “bushy and hairy” than

you…

Little Miss CompoundMr Messy

Comparison between mixtures and compounds

Properties are unique and different from its elements

Same properties as its components

Properties

(chemical / physical)

Elements in a compound Cannot be separated by

physical methods

Components can be separated by physical

methods

Separation

/breakdown

CompoundMixture

Elements

Contain only 1 type of

atom

Compounds Mixture

Contain 1 or more atoms

JOINED

Contain 1 or more atoms NOT

JOINED

Challenge Time • Is mineral water an element, mixture or

compound?

Challenge Time

• Are YOU an element, mixture or compound?

The End……