Classification of Matter

Matter Flowchart

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Colloids Suspensions

MATTER

exactly the same properties/composition?

CompoundElement

PURE SUBSTANCE

yesno

only one type of

atom ?noyes

single atoms?metals and nonmetals?

monoatomic molecular ionic molecular

yesnoyes no

MIXTURE

Pure substances

Every sample has exactly the same properties and composition

Examples:

H2O will always consist of 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen

N2 will always consist of 100% nitrogen

Pure Substances

Element composed of only one type of atom EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

Pure Substances

Compound

composed of more than one type of atom which are chemically combined in a fixed ratio

properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: table salt (NaCl)

Pure Substances

Law of Definite Composition

A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.

Law of Multiple Proportions

Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

Pure Substances

For example…

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

Mixtures

Physical blend of two or more pure substances.

Properties and composition depend on the relative amounts of the components.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures

Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect Tyndall Effect

particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

Mixtures

Solution - can occur between any state of matter

Solid in liquid - Kool-aid Liquid in liquid - antifreeze Gas in gas - air Solid in solid - brass Gas in liquid - soda

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SolutionsSolutions Like all mixtures, they keep the Like all mixtures, they keep the

properties of the components.properties of the components. Some can be separated easily by Some can be separated easily by

physical means: rocks and marbles, physical means: rocks and marbles, iron filings and sulfur iron filings and sulfur

Other methods: Other methods: distillationdistillation- takes - takes advantage of different boiling pointsadvantage of different boiling points

Mixtures

Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: milk

Mixtures

Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade

Mixtures

Examples:

mayonnaise

muddy water

fog

saltwater

Italian salad dressing

colloid

suspension

colloid

solution

suspension

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Compound or MixtureCompound or Mixture

Compound Mixture

composed of one pure substance

composed of two or more pure substances

chemical combination

physical combination

Definitecomposition

Variablecomposition

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Which is it?Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture

Matter Flowchart

Examples:

graphite

pizza

sugar (sucrose)

soda

element

hetero. mixture

compound

solution