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Carolus Linnaeus – Our system is based on his work. Heirarchical system – 7 levels. 7 levels.
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Classification of Living Things
Why Classify?Scientific Names are dependable and
universally accepted!
Felis concolor – mountain lion, puma, panther, cougar
Carolus Linnaeus – 1707-1778
Our system is based on his work.
Heirarchical system – 7 levels.
Seven Levels of Classification
Naming OrganismsGenus speciesCalled Binomial Nomenclature!Examples:Homo sapiens – Human Bubo Virginianus – Great Horned Owl
Changes Over TimeLinnaeus (1735) – 2 kingdoms – Animal and VegetableHaeckel (1866) – 3 kingdoms – Protists, Plants, and AnimalsChatton (1937) – 2 empires – Prokaryotes and EukaryotesCopeland (1956) – 4 kingdoms – Monerans, Protists, Plants and AnimalsWhittaker (1969) – 5 kingdoms – Monerans, Protists, Fungi, Plants and AnimalsWoese, et. al. (1977) – 6 kingdoms – Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants and AnimalsWoese, et. al. (1990) – 3 domains – Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Complete classsification
What characteristics are used?
Similar structuresEvolutionary relationships“Derived characters” – new
characteristics that are evolutionary innovations
Derived characteristics are used in cladograms.
Cladogram
Comparative Anatomy
Turtle Human Horse Bird Bat Seal
Human Coccyx and Monkey Tail
Molecular Biology
Comparative Embryology
CHICK HUMAN
