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Classification. Once there was a man named Aristotle…. He was a very smart man who like orderly things (sometimes scientists are like that.). The world, however, was not orderly. All these random living things…it was a mess! So…he decided to do something about it. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ClassificationOnce there
was a man named Aristotle…
He was a very smart man who like orderly things
(sometimes scientists are like that.)
The world, however, was not orderly. All these random living things…it was a mess!
So…he decided to do something about it.
He grouped living things into Plants…
Or Animals.
Then, he had a stroke of genius. He got even more specific and grouped all plants into…
Trees,
Shrubs
And herbs.
Animals were split into
Animals of the air…
Water,
Or Land.
Notice any problems?
What about frogs,
both land and water?
Enter Carolus Linneaus, 2000 years later.
He liked things orderly, also. Invented the modern classification system
He wrote a book and decided to group living things in a different way. He grouped living things based on their STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES.
He grouped similar groups into larger groups, until he had seven groupings.
The Seven Taxons(Groupings):
Kingdom PhylumClass Order Family GenusSpecies
Classification of Humans
Kingdom: animalPhylum: chordateClass: mammalOrder: primateFamily: hominidGenus: HomoSpecies: sapien
Taxonomy(Systematics) – science of grouping and naming things
Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name
Why? By using a scientific name, scientists can be sure everyone is discussing the same organism
Lepus arcticus
Linneaus’ smallest grouping was called the species-reproduce with each other.
How specific does it go?
Genus- a group of similar species
He grouped similar species into a larger grouping called genus.
Binomial Nomenclature
GENUS + SPECIES = Scientific name!Examples:
Homo sapienAcer rubrumDrosophilia melanogasterFelis concolorFelis domesticus
Today’s Modern Kingdoms
Prokaryotes- simple cells
1. Eubacteria- “normal” bacteria found everywhere
2. Archaebacteria- unusual bacteria found in hot springs, brine pools and mud
Eukaryotes- complex cells with nucleii
3. Fungus- mold, mushrooms, etc. decomposers
4. Protists- microscopic “left over” group
5. Plants- make food6. Animals- consumers
of food
1 2
Cladogram (Phylogenetic tree)- diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
Classification
