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Classical Period (Neo-Classical or Enlightenment Era)

18th century- 19th century 1750-1825

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Classical Style

“Neo” means new Also known as the age of reason Returned to ideas of ancient

Greece & Rome Strict rules, pure uncomplicated Embraces the music of Haydn,

Mozart, and Beethoven

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Classical Music

2 important new kinds of music 1. Sonata-written in 3-4 movements

(sections) for 1- 2 instruments 2. Symphony-large piece written in 3-4

movements for an orchestra 2 great composers of the time

1. Franz Joseph Haydn 2. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1756-1791

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Austrian born child prodigy (Unusual, extraordinary, a marvel having unusual skills at something at an early age)

Was giving large scale performances by the age of 6 Known as 1 of the greatest composers of all time Composed 1st symphony at age 8 Composed very quickly He spread his reputation by publishing things, playing the

piano and having one of his operas performed in 1782 Died a very poor man at the age of 35 Buried in Vienna, small ceremony & unmarked grave Composed The Magic Flute the year he died

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Mozart’s Father; Leopold

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Orchestra

o Orchestra-group of musicians Today’s orchestra established during this time

o Only had about 30-40 players, today 100+o Size of orchestra depended on size of the salon

(small parlor) & wealth of the people attendingo Large concert halls didn’t exist. As they were

built larger & larger, more instruments added to each instrument group

o Sections of first Orchestrao String Choir-violins, violas, cellos, & basso 6 Woodwind players-2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2

bassoonso 4 Brass players-2 horns, 2 trumpetso Percussions section-1 pair kettle drums

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Salon (Reading Hour)

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Modern Orchestra

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Franz Joseph Haydn1732-1809

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Franz Joseph Haydn Poor family, he was the son of a wheelwright. He trained as a choirboy at age 8 Later lived in a palace for 30 years & paid to write as

much music as possible At age 60 was invited to go to London to compose

symphonies & conduct public concerts Played the harpsichord (piano-like instrument) Grouped the instruments of the orchestra Known as the father of symphony, composed 100+ Nickname “Papa” Haydn He died in 1809 at the age if 77

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Harpsichord

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Harpsichord and Clavichord

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Haydn’s Writing

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Beethoven

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Ludwig von Beethoven

Born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn His first public concert was on March 26, 1778, at age 7 Became deaf in early 20s. Considered rude & temperamental by many Never heard his most famous symphony, 9th Symphony Died exactly 49 years later on the same day as his first

concert. When he died it is said that 10,000 people attended his

funeral.

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Classical Dance The Romonov family in

Russia wanted to westernize their court so they invited artists in western Europe to perform in Russia

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Jean George Noverre

Was a choreographer who saw the need to reform in ballet.

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Marius Petipa

Ballet dancer who danced at the Imperial Theatre & became chief ballet master

Choreographed Don Quixote, La Bayadere, The Sleeping Beauty, the Nutcracker and Swan Lake.

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Classical Theatre

• Drama very important to aristocratic court• Melodrama means “music drama” • Time of French & American Revolution,

philosophy & politics important• Called the “good old days” of literature

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Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) French playwright & actor Worked for King Louis XIV Master of Satire (makes fun of humanity) His death caused superstition thru even

modern theatre (He was wearing yellow when he died & is still supposedly bad luck to wear yellow)

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Neo-Classical Art Focused on the natural and belief n superiority of

rational thought over emotion. Public buildings based on the ideals of perfection

of humanity.

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Jacques-Louis David

Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard Pass, c.1801

French artist Considered the hero of neo-

classical art due to serious artworks that represents the ideals of that period.

Official artist of French Revolution

Painted leaders of the war & created costumes for them

Death was a result of being ran over by a carriage

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was 3rd president, principal author of Declaration of Independence, architect, agriculturalist, etymologist, horticulturist, archaeologist, cryptographer, surveyor, paleontologist, lawyer, inventor, violinist, mathematician, author, & founder of U. of Virginia.

Designed his home, Monticello, including automatic doors & the first swivel chair

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Monticello & Jefferson Memorial

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Neo-Classical Art

                                                                                                                              

Giovanni Paolo PanniniGiovanni Paolo Pannini  

The Colosseum and the Arch The Colosseum and the Arch of Constantineof Constantine

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Neo-Classical Architecture

Rebelled against ornate Baroque style

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Classic Greek Architecture 600 B.C.

Parthenon at AcropolisTemple of Hephaestus

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The Death of Marat