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CLASSICAL GREECE Spolufinancováno ESF a státním rozpočtem ČR, reg. č. projektu CZ.1.07/1.1.00/14.0143 OPVK

CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

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Page 1: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

CLASSICAL

GREECE

Spolufinancováno ESF a státním rozpočtem ČR,

reg. č. projektu CZ.1.07/1.1.00/14.0143 OPVK

Page 2: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

CLASSICAL GREECE• Greco-Persian /Persian Wars (499 – 449 BC)

• Peloponnesian War (431 – 404 BC)

Herodotus, The HistoriesNo 1

No 2

Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War

Page 3: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PERSIAN WARS

Greece

Persian Empire

Black Sea

Caspian Sea

Red SeaThe Nile

The Halys

the Indus

Persian Gulf

Page 4: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PERSIAN WARS• 547 BCE - Cyrus the Great conquered Ionia

• 500/499 – Ionian Revolt started (499-493)

DARIUS I (THE GREAT)

• to punish Athens (helped in the Ionian Revolt)

• to subjugate Greece

→ Persian Wars

PERSIAN EMPIRE - divided into provinces (satrapies)

(satraps to govern)

- new uniform monetary system

- Aramaic - official languageTASK: Why were these reforms so important for the Persian Empire?

Page 5: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

No 3

Page 6: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PERSIAN WARS

MAIN BATTLES• Battle of Marathon

• Battle of Thermopylae

• Battle of Salamis

• Battle of Plataea

• Battle of Mycale

Page 7: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

BATTLE OF MARATHON• 490 BCE (first Persian invasion of Greece)

• Athens (+Platae) - Miltiades X Persian Empire - Darius

• decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X 6400†)

• Pheidippides - Νενικήκαµεν (We were

victorious!)

• 42.195 km – Marathon Run

Baron Pierre de Coubertin

No 4

Page 8: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

BATTLE OF

THERMOPYLAE• 480 BCE (second Persian invasion of Greece)

• Greek city-states (King Leonidas of Sparta)

X Persian Empire (Xerxes I)

• Thermopylae ('The Hot Gates') - narrow coastal pass

• Persian victory – BUT!!! 300

No 5No 6

Page 9: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

BATTLE OF SALAMIS

• 480 BCE

• straits between the mainland and Salamis (island near Athens)

• decisive Greek vistory

• Oracle at Delphi:

Salamis will "bring death to women's sons,“

the Greeks would be saved by a "wooden wall"

TASK: Delphi Oracle. What is typical for it?

Page 10: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PERSIAN WARS• Battle of Plataea (479 BC) - Persians defeated

• Battle of Mycale (479 BC) – Persians defeated

• Delian League (478 BC) - Delos – meeting place

- over 150 poleis (Athens)

- to fight the Persian Empire

• 449 BC – Peace of Callias (Callias – Athenian politicain)

→ end of Persian Wars

(Delian League (winner) and Persian Empire)

Page 11: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PELOPONNESIAN WAR• Delian League – prominent position of Athens

→ many poleis against

→ Peloponnesian League (Sparta)

No 7

Page 12: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

Περικλης / PERICLES495 – 429 BC

• Athenian statesman, strategos (general), orator

• very popular – many reforms

• Golden Age of Athens

• long walls to protect Athens, port Piraeus - strong navy

• Acropolis, Sofocles, Herodotus, Anaxagoras, etc.

• 449 BC – Peace of Callias

• 445 BC – peacy treaty with Sparta

- Thirty Years′ Peace

(broken 431)

• 429 BC – died of plague

No 8

No 9

Page 13: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

ACROPOLIS• UNESCO World heritage site

• acropolis (akron = edge, polis – city) – city on a hill

• originally - Mycenaean castle /palace

• Parthenon – dedicated to maiden Goddess Athena

No 10

No 11

Page 14: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

PELOPONNESIAN WAR• 431 - 421 BC – Archidamian war (Spartan king Archidamian)

after Pericles – Athens weakened – no strong leader421 BC – Peace of Nicias (50 years′ peace – broken)

• ALCIBIADES (450 – 404 BC)- Athenian statesman, orator, general- nephew of Pericles, student of Socrates

- character? had to leave Athens

→ to Sparta (against Athens)→ helped Persia (against Sparta)→ to Athens (against Sparta)→ murdered

No 12

Page 15: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

• 422 BC - Battle of Amphipolis – Macedonia

Spartan victory; Peace of Nicias

• 418 BC - Battle of Mantinea – Peloponnese

(First Battle of Mantineia)

Spartan victory

• 405 BC - Battle of Aegospotami – Hellespont

Spartan victory;

PELOPONNESIAN WAR

MAIN BATTLES

Page 16: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

No 13

Page 17: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

LYSANDER(† 395 BC)

• Spartan commander• Cyrus the Younger (Persian prince) – money to built

strong Spartan fleet – to defeat Athens• Battle of Aegospotami - defeated Athens

→ end of Peloponnesian War

→ Sparta – most powerful polis

• Athens: Spartan conditionsrule of 'Thirty Tyrants‚; oligarchy

403 BC – democracy restored

Page 18: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

GREECE AFTER

PELOPONNESIAN WAR• CORINTHIAN WAR (395 – 387 BC)

Sparta X Corinth, Athens, Thebes, Persians…

• THEBAN HEGEMONY (371 – 362 BC)

371 BC - Battle of Leuctra (Boeotia)

- Thebes X Sparta

- Theban victory

362 BC – Battle of Mantineia

(Second Battle of Mantineia)

- Thebes X Sparta, Athens

Result: Greek poleis weak → MACEDONIANo 14 No 14

Page 19: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

CULTURE OF CLASSICAL

GREECEPHILOSOP

HYEmpedocles

Anaxagoras

Protagoras

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

HISTORYHerodotus - ′The Father of History′Thucydides

Xenophon - Socrates

THEATREAeschylus

Sophocles

Euripides

Aristophanes

SCULPTUREMyron

Phidias

Praxiteles

Page 20: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

ZdrojeNo 1: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Herodotos_Met_91.8.jpg/300px-

Herodotos_Met_91.8.jpg

No 2: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Thucydides-bust-cutout_ROM.jpg/160px-Thucydides-bust-cutout_ROM.jpg

No 3: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_Greco-Persian_Wars-en.svg/750px-Map_Greco-Persian_Wars-en.svg.png

No 4: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Statue_of_Pheidippides_along_the_Marathon_Road.jpg/250px-Statue_of_Pheidippides_along_the_Marathon_Road.jpg

No 5: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg/220px-Thermopylae_ancient_coastline_large.jpg

No 6: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg/220px-Molon_labe2_edit_crop.jpg

No 7: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_BC.png/387px-Peloponnesian_war_alliances_431_BC.png

No 8: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Pericles_Pio-Clementino_Inv269_n4.jpg/399px-Pericles_Pio-Clementino_Inv269_n4.jpg

No 9: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Pelopennesian_War%2C_Walls_Protecting_the_City%2C_431_B.C..JPG/400px-Pelopennesian_War%2C_Walls_Protecting_the_City%2C_431_B.C..JPG

No 10: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Athens_Acropolis.jpg/800px-Athens_Acropolis.jpg

Page 21: CLASSICAL GREECEBATTLE OF MARATHON • 490 BCE(first Persian invasion of Greece) • Athens (+Platae) -MiltiadesX Persian Empire -Darius • decisive Greek victory (about 200 †X6400†)

No 11: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg/220px-The_Parthenon_in_Athens.jpg

No 12: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bust_Alcibiades_Musei_Capitolini_MC1160.jpg/220px-Bust_Alcibiades_Musei_Capitolini_MC1160.jpg

No 13: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Pelopennesian_War%2C_Key_Actions_in_each_Phase%2C_431_-_404_B.C..JPG/387px-Pelopennesian_War%2C_Key_Actions_in_each_Phase%2C_431_-_404_B.C..JPG

No 14: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/362BCThebanHegemony.png/637px-362BCThebanHegemony.png

Levi, P.: Svět starého Řecka. Knižní klub, Praha 1995.

Čornej, P.: Dějepis 1 pro gymnázia a střední školy. Pravěk a starověk . SPN, Praha 2009.

Slovník antické kultury. Svoboda, Praha 1974.