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CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING
CLASSICAL CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING
LEARNING• Learning is a relatively permanent
change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.
• Conditioning = Learning
Stimulus vs. Response• STIMULUS: a feature in the
environment that leads to a change in behavior
• RESPONSE: an observable reaction to a stimulus
Classical Conditioning• Ivan Pavlov is the founder of
classical conditioning
• Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in response to a bell ringing
Pavlov’s Experiment• Before conditioning, food
(Unconditioned Stimulus, US) produces salivation (Unconditioned Response, UR). However, the tone (neutral stimulus) does not
Pavlov’s Experiment• During conditioning, the neutral
stimulus (tone) and the US (food) are paired, resulting in salivation (UR). After conditioning, the neutral stimulus (now Conditioned Stimulus, CS) elicits salivation (now Conditioned Response, CR)
ExtinctionWhen the US (food) does not follow
the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually
causes extinction.
Spontaneous RecoveryAfter a rest period, an extinguished
CR (salivation) spontaneously recovers, but if the CS (tone)
persists alone, the CR becomes extinct again.
Generalization• Act of responding in the same way
to stimuli that seem to be similar, even if the stimuli are not identical
Discrimination• Act of responding to stimuli that
are not similar to each other
Taste Aversion• Learned avoidance of a particular
food• Dan ate ½ gallon of ice cream.
After he felt sick to his stomach. Ever since, the thought of ice cream makes Dan sick.
– US: ice cream UR: sick– CS: thought CR: sick