Classical Biological control against the chestnut gall

NicolasBorowiec1,MarcelThaon1,LisaBrancaccio2,SylvieWarot1,MadalinaViciriuc3,LucianFusu3,AlexAebi4,SeiichiMoriya5,JinpingZhang6,Jean-ClaudeMalausa1,ElodieVercken1,NicolasRis1

1UMR1355ISA(INRA-CNRS-UniversitéCôted’Azur),SophiaAntipolis,France2BiolineAgroSciences,Valbonne,France3UniversityAlexandruIoanCuza,Iasi,Roumanie4UniversityofNeuchâtel,Neuchâtel,Switzerland5NationalAgricultureandFoodResearchOrganization,Tsukuba,Japan6CABIChina,Beijing,ChinaINCREBIBLE,12-14June2019,Palencia,Spain

ClassicalBiologicalcontrolagainstthechestnutgallwasp:IntroductionandestablishmentoftheexoticTorymussinensis

inFrance

BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .01/12

ClassicalBiologicalControl(ClBC)

Intentionalintroductionofaexoticnaturelenemyforitspermanent

establishment

Service

Exoticnaturalenemies

Long-termcontrol

NeedforoptimisationofmethodsinClBC

Uniqueopportunitytostudyinnaturathefactorsinvolved

inthesuccess/failureofinvasiveintroduced

populations

Cocketal.2016.BioControl

Zanolla&Andreakis2016

ScientificcontextIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion

.02/12

Agronomiccontext

ThepestDryocosmuskuriphilus

-Invasivegallwasp(Cynipidae)–NativefromChina-SpecializedonCastaneaspp.-FirstlyintroducedinEuropein2002(Italy)-ReachedthemainareasofFrenchchestnutproductionin2010

TheBCATorymussinensis

-Exoticparasitoid(Torymidae)-NativefromChina-SpecializedonD.kuriphilus-Successfullyintroducedinseveralcountries(Japan,USA,Italy…)

Impacts

BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp

Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion


Nationalorganisation

CreationofaNationalcommitteeforthecontrolofD.kuriphilusin2010

⇒ ResearchInstitutes⇒ TechnicalInstitutes⇒ Chestnutproducers⇒ Foreststakeholders⇒ Government⇒ …

CreationoftheNationalFederationofChestnutProducersQuickdeploymentofT.sinensisreleasesinFranceSubstantialfinancialsupportsforBCinFrance(forexperimentalreleasesandforwidespreading)[2011-2018]Financialcompensationofyieldlosses

1.   DevelopbiologicalcontrolusingT.sinensis

2.   ScreeningofvarietiessusceptibilitytoD.kuriphilus

3.   Assessanddocumentyieldlossesinorderforgrowerstoobtainfinancialcompensations



Objectives

1.  Long-Term control of D. kuriphilus populations usingintroductionsofTorymussinensis

2.  Test different modalities of releases on the establishment

successofT.sinensis

3.  Document the recruitment of native parasitoids by CGW(populationdynamics,molecularandmorphologicaldiversity)relatedtopotentialunintentionaleffects



Différentsmodalitiesofreleases

⇒ 1x100females(n)⇒ 2x50females(netn+1)⇒ 1x1000females(n)

Experimentalreleases

⇒ T.sinensiscollectedinnatura(norearing)

58 release sites - 11 control sites (norelease)

⇒ Productiveorchards⇒ Traditionnalorchards⇒ Forestsstands

Fielddesign

ExperimentaldesignIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion


DeepCharacterizationSamplings

⇒ 600000gallscollected(2011-2018)⇒ OnCastaneaandQuercusspp.⇒  Area: France + Europe (Italy,Switzerland, Roumania) + Asia (China,Japan)

DatacollectionIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion

⇒ Moleculartools:mitochondrialandnuclearmarkers

⇒ Morphologicaltools:Morphometry,HQimagery

EstimationofCGWinfestations

⇒ Numberofbudswithgalls

Gehringetal.2017.JPestScience


Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.

=>15000T.sinensisreleased

=> 100% recapture 1 or 2 yearsafter releases,whatever the testedmodality

=> High ability of T. sinensis toestablishandtodisperse

EstablishmentIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion


Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.

⇒ No effect of the modality ofintroduction on T. sinensisdynamics

⇒ Bu t s l i g h t d emog r aph i cadvantage for the largestintroductions

=>ExponentialgrowthofT.sinensispopulation

EarlydynamicsIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion


= > M i d d l e - t e r m d y n am i c scharacterized by a decrease of T.sinensispopulations

=> And a decrease of D. kuriphiluspopulations

=>Stabilizationofhost-parasitoidinteractions5-6yearsafterfirstreleases

Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.

Middle-termdynamics

Nuisibilitylevel(5%)



CharacterizationIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion

⇒ Wide morphological and molecular variability of T.sinensis

Viciriucetal.inprep

⇒ FewT.sinensiscollectedonoakCynipidsandonlyonsiteswhencontrolofD.kuriphiluswasachieved

⇒ No sign of hybridization with close European nativeTorymus(T.notatus)

⇒ Few individuals collected thatmaybehybridsbetweenT. sinensis and T. beneficus (imported from Japan toItaly) 0.07

22071 Torymus “beneficus”

28717 Torymus sinensis




7300 Torymus sinensis22204 Torymus sinensis

17205 Torymus rubi



22177 Torymus notatus

17192 Torymus bedeguaris


22185 Torymus notatus28642 Torymus notatus

17190 Torymus geranii


7620 Torymus auratus



17209 Glyphomerus stigma


21924 Torymus cyaneus


22158 Torymus sinensis28591 Torymus sinensis



28644 Torymus notatus28639 Torymus notatus

21922 Torymus cyaneus



17196 Torymus bedeguaris



17158 Torymus flavipes

17161 Torymus geranii


22167 Torymus notatus








28617 Torymussinensis

17159 Torymus flavipes

28648 Torymus rubi




98.4/97/0.96

100/100/1

77.7/77/-

71.1/83/0.35

99.7/100/1

32.4/66/-

100/100/1

90.7/94/1

100/100/1

100/100/199.7/98/0.98

100/100/1

99.6/100/1

100/100/1

99.2/100/1

93.6/94/0.97

MadalinaViciriuc(PhD)


ConclusionIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion

q WideestablishmentofT.sinensis/Efficient(orongoing)controlofD.kuriphilusinFrance

⇒ Agronomicsuccess!

q Slighteffectofpropagulepressureonestablishmentdynamics

⇒ HighintrinsicabilitiesofT.sinensistoefficientlyestablishanddisperse

q Highdiversityofresults/deliverables(papers,symposium,workshops,medias….)

⇒ Scientific«Success»!

q “Transitory”convergencebetweenagronomicandscientificissues

q Spreadingofthemethodvery(too)precipitate

q Needtohaveaframethatisadequatelylarge(insites)andlong(intime)toaccurately:

(1)  AssesstheintentionaleffectofClBC(establishment,efficacy,dispersal…)

(2)  AssessthepotentialunintentionaleffectsofClBC(impactsofnontargetspecies…)


WorkshopconcernsIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion

q  IPMschemesdevelopedforD.kuriphilus?

⇒ ClBCiswidelyused,alsoresistantvarieties⇒ ButnorealIPMguidelines?

q Newbioticthreatsforforestnutsandberries?⇒ Drosophilasuzukii/Halyomorphahalys(berries)– Bursaphelenchusxylophilus(Pinus)…

q  Impactofclimaticchangeinresilienceofforests?

⇒ Increaseofestablishmentsuccessofinvasivepestslinkedtounintentionalintroductions

⇒ Increasingnumberofannualgenerationsofpestsresultinginincreasingdamages

q Changeingeographicalranges?⇒ Exponentialincreaseofunintentionalintroductionsofinvasivepests⇒ Increasingdistributionofinvasivespeciesmayleadtoabetteridentificationofsolutions

usinginternationalcollaborations

Negative impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on native communities

Spring

Summer - Autumn

Chestnut gall wasp

Oak gall wasps

BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX/12

Timescale=>Quickacquisitionoffinancialsupports

FrenchMinistryofAgriculture INRA+Producers FrenchMinistryofAgriculture

2018

2015

2016

2011

Datacollection

Experimentalreleases

Dataanalysis

WideareaspreadingofT.sinensisreleasesbygrowers

Valorisation/Communication

Lobbying


BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX

Agronomicpartnership

=>CentresTechniques/Stationsd’expérimentations

=>Chambresd’Agriculture

=>OrganismesdeVeilleSanitaire

=>FilièreCastanéicole

=>FilièreApicole

=>Filière«Forêt»

BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX

Scientificpartnership

INRAISA INRACBGP INRABIOGECOGérardDELVAREJean-YvesRASPLUS

MarcelTHAONNicolasRISJean-ClaudeMALAUSAElodieVERCKENDavidMURU(PhD)…

HervéJACTELCécileROBINPilarFERNANDEZ-CONRADI(PhD)

FRANCE

BiolineAgroScienceLisaBRANCACCIO

NationalAgricultureandFoodResearchOrganization(Japon)SeiichiMORIYA

CABI(China)JinpingZHANG

ASIA

UniversityofIasi(Romania)

LucianFUSUMirceaMITROIUMadalinaVICIRIUC(PhD)

UniversityofTorino(Italy)AlbertoALMAChiaraFERRACINIAmbraQUACCHIA

UniversityofNeuchâtel(Switzerland)AlexAEBI

SwissFederalInstituteforForest,Snow,andLandscapeResearch(Switzerland)MarcoCONEDERA

GrahamSTONE

UniversityofEdinburgh(Scotland)

JoséNIEVES-ALDREY

NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory(Spain)

AlbinoBENTOJoséALBERTOPEREIRA

PolytechnicInstituteofBragança(Portugal)

EUROPE

ResearchandDevelopmentinBiologicalControl(RDLB)

MainResearchObjectives-  Developnewbiologicalcontrolmethods

(mainlyClassicalBC–AugmentativeBC)

-  Integrativecharacterizationofbiologicalcontrolagents

-  HostaBiologicalResourcesCenterdevotedtoeggparasitoids(BRC-Epcoll)

TeamLeader:NicolasRis(INRA)

10permanent(5Engineers–5Technicians)and3nonpermanentpeople(1PhDstudent)

Documents

Classical Biological control against the chestnut gall