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Classic Greece and Rome. Chapter 4 Section 1. Classic Greece. Classic Greece is referring to Classic Europe Greece was a Polis before it was a Democracy Reached its “Golden Age” in the 400s B.C. “Cradle of Democracy”. Polis. City-State Ruled by a King. Democracy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Classic Greece and Rome
Chapter 4 Section 1
Classic Greece
• Classic Greece is referring to Classic Europe• Greece was a Polis before it was a Democracy• Reached its “Golden Age” in the 400s B.C.• “Cradle of Democracy”
Polis
• City-State• Ruled by a King
Democracy
• Direct rule of the people
Athens
• City in Greece• The world’s first democratic constitution• Produced significant works of philosophy,
literature, and drama
Philosophy
• Greek for, “love of wisdom”• 3 great Greek philosophers:
1. Socrates2. Plato (a student of Socrates)
-Author of The Republic3. Aristotle (a student of Plato)
The Republic
• A book written by Plato• A dialogue with Socrates• Concerned the issue of justice and the city-
state of Athens.• Takes place during the time of the
Peloponnesian War.
Sparta
• Its government was an Oligarchy• Infamous for its well established and well
trained army• All male citizens, once seven years old, moved
to a training school, to teach them to be good soldiers.
Oligarchy
• Power rests with a small number of people, royalty or the wealthy.
Conflict Between City-States
• Athens and Sparta wanted to expand their boundaries.• Athens- Open to Democracy and new ideas• Sparta- Ruled by a few nobles and disliked change• The two fought often• They united for the Persian Wars, when they prevented
the Persians form taking over Greece.• They fought again, in the Peloponnesian War, when
Sparta finally defeated Athens.• This greatly weakened Greece.
Invasion of Greece• Phillip II, of Macedonia, and his son, Alexander the Great,
conquered Greece.• Alexander created an empire• View map on page 129• Alexander spread Greek culture everywhere• Alexander died at only 32 years old• His death was very suspicious and many rumors circled
around it.• Malaria, Typhoid Fever, Poison, Lifestyle• Alexander’s empire came under Rome rule about 130 B.C.
The Rise of Rome
Historical Rome
• Settled around 1000 B.C.• Developed a strong army.• Started as a Monarchy but changed to a
Republic.• Led by two consuls• The consuls reported to the senate
Republic
• People choose their leaders
Consuls
• Individuals elected by the people, to represent them.
Senate
• Landowners who served for life- What does this concept resemble?
• This was guaranteed by the system of Roman Law
Roman Law
• The foundation of Roman Law was the Twelve Tables.
• The Twelve Tables were bronzed tablets, on which laws were recorded on.
Republic to Empire
• 264 to 146 B.C. Rome transformed into “The Roman Empire”
• Senators lost power to Emperors.
Emperors
• Absolute rulers
Julius Caesar
• Supporters of the Senate killed Julius Caesar, in 44 B.C., for trying to become the 1st Emperor.
• This led to a Civil War between Senate supporters and people who supported Julius Caesar.
Caesar Augustus
• Octavius• Julius Caesar’s nephew• The 1st Roman Emperor• He initiated a period of peace and prosperity,
known as Pax Romana.
Pax Romana
• A period of peace and prosperity, for Rome.• Lasted almost 200 years.
Christianity in Rome (1)
• Jesus born in Palestine• Palestine was under the rule of Caesar
Augustus, at the time.• During Pax Romana:• Jesus carried out his teachings.• Peter and Paul, his disciples established a new
Christian Church
Christianity in Rome (2)
• Christians were persecuted. • Despite the persecution Christianity spread• It became the official religion of the Roman
Empire• This occurred under the leaders: Constantine I
and Theodosius I.
Decline of the Roman Empire
• After the period of Pax Romana• Constantine I moved the capitol, of Italy, from
Rome to Constantinople, near the Black Sea.• Plagues killed numerous people.• Northern defense crumbled against Germanic
tribes.• Germany ruled over Rome and much of Italy.• The Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantine Empire
did not fall. It continued for another 1,000 years.