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CLASSES OF DRUGS
Ivana TkalčićMentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
Analgesics
• Mild (headache, myalgia, toothache)
• Narcotic (opioid)
-induce stupor
-used only to relieve severe pain
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Anesthetics
• Reduce or eliminate sensation
• General or local anesthetics
Antibiotics and antivirals
• Antibiotics - produced by microorganisms
- inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi or parasites
- caution about the use of antibiotics
• Antivirals - used against viruses (EBV, CMV,HIV)
Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs• Prevent blood clotting
• Thrombosis and embolism
• Transfusion
• Heparin
• Antiplatelet drugs reduce tendency of platelets to stick together
Anticonvulsants
• Prevent or reduce the frequency of convulsions in various types of epilepsy
Antidepressants
• Treat symptoms of depression
• Tricyclics (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Lithium
Antidiabetics
• Treat diabetes mellitus
• Type 1 – daily injections of insulin
• Type 2 – oral antidiabetic drugs (sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and meglitinides)
Antihistamines
• Block the action of histamine
• Cannot cure alergic reactions but relieve symptoms
• Many side effects
Cardiovascular drugs
• Act on the heart or blood vessels
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists
• Antiarrhythmics
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blockers
• Cholesterol-lowering drugs (cholestyramine and statins)
• Diuretics
Endocrine drugs
• Act in the same manner as naturally occuring hormones
• Androgens• Antiandrogens• Estrogens• Antiestrogens• Aromatase inhibitors• Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)• Progestins
• Thyroid hormone
• Glucocorticoids
Gastrointestinal drugs
• Used to relieve uncomfortable and potentially dangerous symptoms
• Antacids
• Antiulcer drugs
• Antidiarrheal drugs
• Cathartics – laxatives and purgatives
• Antinauseants
Respiratory drugs
• Treat asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and bronchospasm
• Bronchodilators
• Steroid drugs
• Leukotriene modifiers
Sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers• Depress central nervous system, promote
drowsiness and sleep
• Insomnia and other sleep disorders
• Tranquilizers – for controlling anxiety
Stimulants
• Act on the brain to speed up vital processes in case of shock and collapse
• Amphetamines
• Caffeine
THANK YOU!