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St. Paul’s School Vallabh Nagar, Kota-7
Practice Paper 6 (12th
May 2020)
Class VIII English
For any doubt or Question mail to teacher @ [email protected]
DAY 1
A) Read the following poem:
The Hero
Rabindranath Tagore
Mother, let us imagine we are travelling, and passing through a strange and dangerous country.
You are riding in a palanquin and I am trotting by you on a red horse.
It is evening and the sun goes down. The waste of Joradighi lies wan and grey before us. The land is
desolate and barren.
You are frightened and thinking-‗I know not where we have come to.‘
I say to you, 'Mother, do not be afraid.'
The meadow is prickly with spiky grass, and through it runs a narrow broken path.
There are no cattle to be seen in the wide field; they have gone to their village stalls.
It grows dark and dim on the land and sky, and we cannot tell where we are going.
Suddenly you call me and ask me in a whisper, 'What light is thatnear the bank?'
Just then there bursts out a fearful yell, and figures come running towards us.
You sit crouched in your palanquin and repeat the names of the gods in prayer.
The bearers, shaking in terror, hide themselves in the thorny bush.
I shout to you, 'Don't be afraid, mother, I am here.'
With long sticks in their hands and hair all wild about their heads, they come nearer and nearer.
I shout, 'Have a care! You villains! One step more and you are dead men.
They give another terrible yell and rush forward.
You clutch my hand and say, 'Dear boy, for heaven's sake, keep away from them.'
I say, 'Mother, just you watch me.'
Then I spur my horse for a wild gallop, and my sword and buckler clash against each other.
The fight becomes so fearful, mother, that it would give you a cold shudder could you see it from your
palanquin.
Many of them fly, and a great number are cut to pieces.
I know you are thinking, sitting all by yourself, that your boy must be dead by this time.
But I come to you all stained with blood, and say, 'Mother, the fight is over now.'
You come out and kiss me, pressing me to your heart, and you say to yourself,
I don't know what I should do if I hadn't my boy to escort me.'
A thousand useless things happen day after day, and why couldn't such a thing come true by chance?
It would be like a story in a book.
My brother would say, is it possible? I always thought he was so delicate!'
Our village people would all say in amazement, 'Was it not lucky that the boy was with his mother?'
through far-off foreign lands. The son is riding on a chestnut horse and the mother is in a palanquin. On
the way when it gets dark suddenly they are attacked by dacoits, i. e. bandits.
SUMMARY:
The Hero depicts the journey of a mother and her son. They are travelling through far-off foreign
lands. The son is riding on a chestnut horse and the mother is in a palanquin. On the way when it
gets dark suddenly they are attacked by dacoits, i. e. bandits.
The mother gets scared and asks her son to flee. But the boy gallops his horse, and fights a fearful
battle. His mother remains in the palanquin, afraid to look outside, thinking that her son might
have been killed. Some of the dacoits are killed in the fight, the rest flee. The boy then returns to
her mother. The mother is overjoyed to see her son alive. She hugs him.It is the dream of every boy
to be a hero in the eyes of the world, especially his mother. He does not want the world to think that
he is weak or delicate. He wants the world to acknowledge his bravery and valour. He has a faithful
and sincere love for his mother, proved by his willingness to save her at the cost of his own life; it is
this, says the poem, that transforms him into a real hero.
*(question answers will be done in the next paper)
DAY 2
What is a Clause?
A clause is a group of words containing both a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a verb
(which describes the main action of the subject). There are two kinds of clauses: independent and
dependent clauses. Most simply, an independent clause can form a complete sentence on its own and a
dependent clause cannot (at least, not by itself).
Independent Clauses
An independent clause contains a subject and a predicate. As mentioned, these clauses can function as
their own complete sentences, but they can also be combined with other clauses (either independent or
dependent) to create longer sentences. Consider this example:
The coffee was brewing because it was early morning.
We can break this sentence down into two parts. The first part is the coffee was brewing. This is an
independent clause because it contains both a subject and a verb: the subject is the coffee and the verb
phrase is was brewing. This clause can stand on its own as a complete sentence.
The coffee was brewing.
However, we still have additional information:
. . . because it was early morning.
This is not an independent clause because it lacks a subject. Instead, we have a dependent clause (also
called a subordinate clause). Dependent clauses can‘t stand alone; that is, they require the support of
independent clauses to constitute a complete sentence.
DAY 3
Dependent Clauses
As you‘ve already learned, dependent clauses cannot stand alone in a sentence, just as tired people cannot
function without coffee. A dependent (or subordinate) clause begins with a subordinating conjunction,
such as if, after, before, because, although, or when and it requires the support of an independent clause
to constitute a complete sentence.
Joining Independent Clauses
An independent and a dependent clause can be joined to form a single sentence. But can two independent
clauses be joined in one sentence? Let‘s go back to that delicious cup of coffee. Here is a sentence with
one independent clause and one dependent clause.
The coffee was brewing because it was early morning.
Let‘s delete because and form two sentences:
The coffee was brewing. It was early morning.
We now have two independent but related clauses, each forming its own sentence. Because the content of
these clauses is related, we might want to connect them somehow. How can we do this in a single
sentence? Using a semicolon, of course!
The coffee was brewing; it was early morning.
What initially began as a sentence made up of an independent and a dependent clause has become a
sentence with two independent clauses. If semicolons aren‘t really your style, you can also use a comma
and a conjunction to join two independent clauses.
There are a few different types of dependent clauses: adjective clauses, adverbial clauses, and noun
clauses which we will discuss later.
EXERCISE:-
1) State whether the underlined clause is an independent clause or a dependent clause:-
1.I will go on a trip if the car is in good working order.
2.Since the tire is flat, we had better get it fixed before traveling.
3. I want to see the Corning Glass Museumbecause I am interested in glass blowing.
4. I would like to leave home early unless the traffic is slow.
5. He told me the museum was closed on Mondays though it wasn't listed on the schedule.
6. When we drove there, we got lost.
7. Even though it takes a long time to get there, we would still like to go.
8. Since the displays were great, I am glad we went.
DAY 4
Adjective Clauses
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that describes a noun in another part of a sentence. Usually, an
adjective clause is very close to the noun it describes. Adjective clauses begin with the relative
pronouns who, whom, whose, that, or which. They can also begin with the relative adverbs when, where,
or why.
There’s the café that you’ve been looking for all day.
The subject is the café. Pay close attention to the word that and what follows it. The phrase that you’ve
been looking for all day gives us information about or describes the noun café. That means it‘s an
adjective clause, and because an adjective clause is a type of dependent clause, it cannot stand on its own.
Adverbial Clauses
Adverbial clauses are dependent clauses that tell us why, when, how, or under which
conditions something occurs. Look at the following example.
Although you already had six cups of coffee, you decided to buy more coffee anyway.
We know the adverbial clause can‘t be you decided to buy more coffee anyway because it can stand alone
as a complete sentence. However, the adverbial clause, although you already had six cups of coffee, tells
us under what circumstances you decided to buy more coffee. The adverbial clause, which is a dependent
clause, needs the independent clause to form a complete sentence.
Noun Clauses
Noun clauses can act as either the subject or the object of a clause, and they usually begin with words
like what, why, who, and that. A subordinate clause that does the work of a noun in a sentence is called a
Noun Clause.
I don’t care what the doctors say about caffeine intake.
In the first part of the sentence, the subject is I, and don’t care is the verb phrase. The noun clause is what
the doctors say about caffeine intake. This clause describes what it is that the subject doesn‘t care about
and is therefore dependent (like some caffeine-obsessed people I know).
1) Underline the clause and identify whether it is Adverb, Adjective or Noun clause:-
1. I know you have great regard for him.
2. Do you think that I am a fool?
3. He confessed that he was guilty.
4. I know the girl who won the prize.
5. Come when you like.
6. The jury believed that the man was guilty.
DAY 5
Relative Clause
In addition to the above clauses there is one more clause which is a ‗Relative Clause‘. This clause
describes a noun in the main clause. It is introduced by words like who, which, that, whose, whom, and
where. A relative clause is one kind of dependent clause. It has a subject and verb, but can‘t stand alone
as a sentence. It is sometimes called an ―adjective clause‖ because it functions like an adjective—it gives
more information about a noun. A relative clause always begins with a ―relative pronoun,‖ which
substitutes for a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun when sentences are combined.
The relative pronouns are:
who for people can substitute for subject nouns/pronouns (he, she, we, they)
whom for people can substitute for object nouns/pronouns (him, her, us, them)
whose for people can substitute for possessive nouns/pronouns (his, hers, our, their)
that for people or things can be either subject or object
which for things can be either subject or object
Defining and Non-defining Relative clauses
DEFINING CLAUSES
A defining or identifying clause tells us which specific person or thing we are talking about in a larger
group of people or things. If a defining relative clause is removed, the meaning of the sentence changes
significantly. A defining relative clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas or
parentheses.
EXAMPLES
The woman who visited me in the hospital was very kind.
The umbrella that I bought last week is already broken.
The man who stole my backpack has been arrested.
The weather that we had this summer was beautiful.
NON-DEFINING CLAUSES
A non-defining or non-essential clause gives us more information about the person or thing we are
talking about. If a non-defining relative clause is removed from a sentence, we lose some detail, but the
overall meaning of the sentence remains the same. Non-defining relative clauses are always set off from
the rest of the sentence with commas or parentheses.
EXAMPLES
The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us 10 pounds of potatoes.
Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds of 10 or more adults.
The author, who graduated from the same university I did, gave a wonderful presentation.
My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris.
DAY 6
1) Fill in the blank in such a way that it will make a relative clause:-
a) The employee ______ won the award has been promoted.
b) This is the book _______ helped me understand English grammar.
c) I've begun a career as a freelance writer, _______ allows me to work from home.
d) I'm looking for a store _______ I can buy organic vegetables.
e) We spent two days in Berlin, _________ we took a walking tour of the city.
f) Edgar Allan Poe, ________ wrote the famous poem "The Raven," was born in Boston in 1809.
g) He has climbed Mount McKinley, _______ is the highest mountain in the United States.
h) I met a woman ________ husband works for the government.
i) I bought the toy _______ my son wanted for Christmas.
2)Complete the sentences using a relative clause.
1. Catherine and Sue are two girls----------------.
2. My mobile phone is something ------------------.
3. Antony is a friend of mine ----------------.
4. West Side Story is a musical ----------.
5. An airport is a place ------------.
Science For any doubt or Question mail to teacher @
(Based on chapter 7 conservation of plants and animals)
Day 1
Read page number 1 and 2 thoroughly from your NCERT e-book.
Day 2
Read page number 3 and 4 thoroughly from your NCERT e-book.
Day 3
Read page number 5 and 6 thoroughly from your NCERT e-book.
Day 4
Read page number 7 ,8 and 9 thoroughly from your NCERT e-book.
Day 5
Some important points:-
1. Aims of conservation-(I)to preserve the quality of environment that is maintain a
pollution free environment.(ii)to ensure continuous yield of useful plants,
animals and materials for generations to come.
2. Biodiversity- it refers to the variety of organisms that is plants, animals and
microorganisms existing on earth.
The most serious threat to biodiversity loss comes from habitat destruction
.Habitat destruction takes place due to deforestation ,construction of dams ,cities,
industries, crop lands ,mines and many other activities.
3. Extinct species- it refers to the species of plants and animals which have already
been lost.
For example dinosaurs and dodo are extinct animals. Extinct plants are Brahma
Kamal and sarpgandha.
4. Some steps to conserve biodiversity-
1. Cutting of trees should be avoided.
2. Planting of trees should be undertaken.
3. Hunting of animals which is banned should be strictly enforced.
4. Illegal trade in animal skin and elephant tusks should be checked.
5. dependence on wood as a fuel should be reduced. alternate sources of energy should
be encouraged.
6. protected areas like national parks ,wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves
should be established.
7. Effective system to prevent and fight forest fires should be established.
8. regular service to monitor the population of all the species in forest should be
conducted.
9. Laws to conserve biodiversity should be enacted and strictly and enforced.
10. Environment awareness programs for the masses should be conducted on a large
scale.
5. Why should we save paper? How can we save paper?
Answer- we should save paper because in manufacturing of paper trees are required and
therefore forests are cut. We can save paper by-
(I)we should not waste paper and write on both sides of the paper .This will reduce the
consumption of paper.
(Ii)paper is recycled; paper can be recycled 5to 7 times for use ;recycling of paper is a
good alternative.
Day 6
Answer the following questions based on the chapter you have read:-
1. List all the consequences of deforestation.
2. Write a brief note on project tiger.
3. What are the different protected areas? write briefly about each one of the protected
areas.
4. What is meant by endangered and endemic species? Give two examples of each.
5. Name some plants and animals of Pachmarhi biosphere reserve.
6. What is the red Data Book?
7. Define flora and fauna.
Revise the whole chapter thoroughly.
General Knowledge For any doubt or Question mail to teacher @
Find the answers to the following current affairs dated 25th
April - 8th
May 2020
Day-1 Q1. When is Press Freedom Day celebrated?
Q2. Who was appointed as Chief Risk Officer of Yes Bank?
Q3. Which programme was organized for Delhi police on 30th
April which aims to fight
against Corona ?
Q4. When is International Labour Day celebrated?
Q5. Which nation has banned the export of alcohol based sanitizers ?
Day-2
Q6 Which State Government has allowed twelve hour shifts for factory workers till
June 30th?
Q7. What is the name of Iran‘s new currency?
Q8. Which amongst the following cities witnessed a horrific toxic gas tragedy on May
7th
2020?
Q9. How many new names of Tropical Cyclones were released by IMD?
Q10. Who has been appointed as Permanent Representative of India to UN?
Day 3
Q11. Who swore in as Chief Justice of Bombay HC?
Q12. When is International Dance Day celebrated?
Q13. Which former Brighton and Liverpool striker passed away at the age of 61 on 28th
April?
Q14. Name the 2 Bollywood stars who passed away on 29th and 30
th April respectively?
Q15. Which smart city uses drones to sanitize sensitive areas to contain Covid 19 spread?
Day 4
Q16. When is International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day observed ?
Q17. World Malaria Day is observed on which date every year?
Q18. Name the first military satellite launched by Iran.
Q19. How many Asteroids were found orbiting the sun between Jupiter and Neptune ?
Q20. Who took oath as Chief Vigilance Commissioner on 25th April 2020 ?
Day 5
Learn the above given current affairs.
Computer Science For any doubt or Question mail to teacher @
LESSON – 1 – NETWORKING CONCEPTS–Part - 2
STAR TOPOLOGY
In star topology, each device is connected to a central computer using point to point connection. The
central server acts as a Hub. Devices communicate across the network by passing data through this hub.
Star topology is very popular because the startup cost is low. It is easy to add a new device to the network
as only one cable is required and configuration is simple. Moreover, the network is robust; if any one
connection in the network fails, the other connections remain intact. But if the central hub fails, the entire
program goes down.
RING TOPOLOGY
In ring topology, all the nodes in the network are connected in a circular manner. Each node connects to
exactly two other nodes, forming a single – continuous pathway for signals, when one node sends
message to the other node, which is not adjacent to it, data travels through all the intermediate nodes until
it reaches its final destination. Ring topologies are used in both LAN and WAN setups. The main
disadvantage of this topology is that if one workstation goes down, the entire network gets affected. Since
data being transferred over the network has to pass through each workstation, this makes it slower than
star topology.
TREE TOPOLOGY
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that consists of a group of star-figured
workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. In tree topology, one-star network is connected to
the other networks. In a tree network, a cable failure in one of the star networks will isolate only the
workstation that is linked to the central computer of that star network, whereas, all the other workstations
will continue to function normally. If a central computer goes down, the entire workstations connected to
it will suffer either degraded performance or complete failure, but the rest of the network will continue to
function normally. In case the bus gets damaged, it causes disruption in the entire network. In the tree
topology, the expansion of network is possible and easy
but maintenance becomes difficult.
MESH TOPOLOGY
In mesh network topology, each node is connected to every other node in the network. In this topology,
every node not only sends its own signals but also relays data from other nodes. This type of topology can
handle a large volume of traffic. It is commonly used in wireless networks. In case, if one of the
components fails, there is always an alternative present so that the data transfer does not get affected.
Even expansion and modifications can be done in this topology without affecting other nodes. The overall
cost of this network is extremely high as compared to the other network topologies.
ACCESSING A FILE FROM A SHARED DRIVE
To access a file from a shared drive, follow the given steps:
Double click on the Networkicon on the Desktop.
The Network window will appear, in which a list of shared drives is displayed in the Details
pane.
Select the required shared drive to see its contents.
Find the required file in the drive.
If you want to open the file, double click on it.
To copy the file, right click on it and select the Copy option from the shortcut menu.
In the View pane, select ThisPC icon to view the storage drives of your computer.
Now, click on the drive where you want to place the copied file.
Right click anywhere on the Details pane
and select the Paste option.
The file will be copied to the selected drive
on your computer.
NETWORK SECURITY
Network security means protecting data and resources from any unauthorized access. It is the most
important aspect in computer networking. Since many users are accessing the same data, so you must
ensure its proper security. Only authorized persons can access or modify data. Consider the following
points that may happen in any organization:
Some employees may try to change the data concerning their leave records,
salaries, performance appraisals, etc.
Accidental deletion of important data
Former employees or some other people may try to harm the company‘s data
People outside the company may try to access confidential data
There are two general levels of security. These are:
Login Security: You are given a unique login name and password.
Rights Security: Based upon your username, you are given rights, like Read-Only Access, or Read-Write
Access or No Access at all. A combination of rights can also be granted to the same user for different sets
of data.
TIME FOR PRACTICE
Q1. Define Hub.
Q2. How Star topology is different from Tree topology?
Q3. Explain Ring topology.
Q4. Write the steps for accessing a file from a shared drive.
Q5. What is Mesh topology? What are the benefits of using it?
Q6. Briefly explain Network Security.
Q7. How many levels of Network Security are there? Explain each one.
Q8. Draw a diagram of Tree Topology and Network Security.
