Class Slides Set 16A The Skull Slide 2 Many changes take place
in the skull... Slide 3 The skull... the occipital condyles have
moved forward to an intermediary position... Slide 4 The skull...
occipital condyles = the hinges on which the skull articulates with
the spine Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 The skull... foramen magnum = the
opening through which the spinal cord passes from the cranium Slide
8 The skull... the foramen magnum has also moved forward and
downward... Slide 9 Position of the foramen magnum in (a) a human
and (b) a chimpanzee. Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 203 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13
Slide 14 Slide 15 The skull... cranium = the skull without the
lower jaw Slide 16 The skull... the lower jaw = mandible Slide 17
Modern human cranium. Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 432 Slide 18 The skull... the eyes are
placed at the front of the head and operate together... this
results in stereoscopic vision and 3-D depth perception Slide 19
Overlapping visual fields (binocular vision) in primates
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p.
115 Slide 20 The skull of a gibbon (left) compared to that of a red
wolf (right) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology,
9th ed., p. 116 Slide 21 The skull... diurnal primates also have
color perception diurnal primates are those active during the day,
as are apes, monkeys, and humans... Slide 22 The skull... some
adult male apes have a sharp crest along the top of the skull
sagittal crest Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide
28 The skull... heavy chewing and neck muscles attach to the
sagittal crest Slide 29 Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 245 Satittal crests and temporal muscle
orientations. Hominid compared to pongid. (Line of greatest muscle
force is shown in red.) Slide 30 Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 237 The black skull, WT
17000 Australopithecus aethiopicus Slide 31 The skull... sagittal
ridge a smaller slightly raised ridge running down the center of
the skull (aka sagittal keel) Slide 32 Homo erectus Understanding
Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 227 Slide 33 The
skull... most apes have a supraorbital ridge over the eyes Slide 34
The skull... supraorbital ridge = a marked bulge of bone across the
region over the eyes Slide 35 Understanding Physical Anthropology
and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 245 Satittal crests and temporal
muscle orientations. Hominid compared to pongid. (Line of greatest
muscle force is shown in red.) Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 The
skull... modern humans have cranial base flexure (basicranium)
(bend) Slide 39 Modern human cranium. Understanding Physical
Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 432 Slide 40 The skull...
flexure in the base of the skull (the basicranium) seems to relate
to a low larynx... Slide 41 Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 377
Larynx / Pharynx Slide 42 The skull... larynx the voice box (which
contains the vocal cords) Slide 43 Slide 44 The skull... and a low
larynx is associated with a longer pharynx... Slide 45 The skull...
pharynx the throat above the larynx Slide 46 Humankind Emerging,
7th ed., p. 377 Larynx / Pharynx Slide 47 Slide 48 Humankind
Emerging, 7th ed., p. 377 Larynx / Pharynx Slide 49 The skull...
and a longer pharynx is a feature associated with human speech
Slide 50 The skull... noses are elevated in humans, and are
separated by the septum into two chambers Slide 51 Slide 52 The
skull... human upper lips are relatively short, and are never as
thin as apes lips Slide 53 Slide 54 Next: Brains Continue on to Set
# 16BSet # 16B Slide 55 End of Class Slides Set # 16A Continue on
to Set # 16BSet # 16B
