Class differences in cities

• Unskilled and uneducated poor and immigrants live in depleted slums

• Skilled workers live above their stores

• Educated middle-class live in comfortable homes

• Wealthy live in mansions in secluded areas

Slums by railroad tracks.

Pictures of Slums, circa 1890’s

Wealthy live in mansions with access to private parks

City sanitation and living problems

• Garbage collection was not a city service

• If you wanted services you paid for the actual cost of a sewer or street

• Wealthy and poor begin to live in specific areas of the city

Ethnic Neighborhoods

• Irish immigrants cluster in ethnic neighborhoods for support

• They build Catholic churches and form social and religious clubs

• Run their own fire and militia companies

The Factory SystemThe Factory System

× Rigid schedule.

× 12-14 hour day.

× Dangerous conditions.

× Mind-numbing monotony.

Young Coal Miners

And you think you have a difficult life?

Child Labor in the MinesChild

“hurriers”

I s doing your homework really that difficult?

1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

1880300 million tons

500, 000 miners

1914250 million tons

1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914Why was there such a great

increase in the demand for coal?

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914Why was there such a great

increase in the demand for coal?

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Why were children paid so little?

Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830

Why were children paid so little?Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages

under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.

11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.

17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.

22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.

27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.

32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.

37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.

42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.

47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.

52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.

57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

Industrial Staffordshire

Industrial Staffordshire

What countries are going through this today?

Problems of PolutionProblems of Polution

The Silent Highwayman - 1858

The New Industrial City

The New Industrial City

Cuyahoga River catches on fire

Worker Housing in Manchester

Worker Housing in Manchester

Factory Workers at Home

Factory Workers at Home

How many people lived in a typical 2-3 room apartment?

UnionsWorkers join together to try and improve

pay, working conditions, and benefits.

Black listPeople who were caught trying to

organize a union were put on a list and prevented from working in that town.

Marching on a picket line.

“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)

“Solidarity Forever!”by Ralph Chapin (1915)

When the union's inspiration through the workers‘ blood shall run,There can be no power greater anywhere beneath the sun;Yet what force on earth is weaker than the feeble strength of one,But the union makes us strong!

CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union makes us strong!

Child LaborChild Labor

Child LaborChild Labor

“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

“Tools” of Management

“Tools” of Labor

“scabs”

P. R. campaign

Strike breakers

lockout

blacklisting

yellow-dog contracts

court injunctions

open shop

boycotts

sympathy demonstrations

Picketing informational

closed shops

organized strikes

“wildcat” strikes

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership

Picket lines sometimes became violent.

The longer a strike went the more difficult it was especially for the workers

A Black List was…

• A.) List made by owners of factories of people who were trying to form unions

• B.) List made by workers of factories of people who were trying to form unions

• C.)List of detentions given by the teacher

A Lock out was used by…

• A.) Owners• B.) Workers• C.) Both

A picket line tried to stop what from crossing and going in the factory?

• A.) Materials for factories• B.) SCABS (replacement workers)• C.) Striking workers• A.) All of the above