ST. XAVIER’S SCHOOLS-CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI, ZIRAKPUR

Class 8 English Worksheet-6

TOPIC-TENSES(PAST TENSE)

Definition:-

The past tense is used to express an action that has been completed.

The past tense has four forms:-

1. Simple 2. Continuous 3. Perfect 4. Perfect Continuous

Simple past tense is used:-

-To express a past habit

Ex- I went to bed early when I was in school.

-To express an action that was completed before the time of speaking.

Ex-The dancers performed well.

-To express an action that took place over a period of time in the past

Ex-I worked in a school from 2000 to 2002.

-To narrate a story

Ex-There lived a mighty king in a huge palace.

Was = with 1st person (singular);3

rd person (singular)

Were = with 1st person (plural);2

nd person;3

rd person (plural)

Had = all the three person & number

Did = all the three person

SIMPLE PAST TENSE / PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

S+V2+O

The helping verbs of past tense are:- was, were, had, did

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with Past indefinite tense :-

1. Bina ____ some rice and vegetable curry for dinner. (eat)

2. I ______ for the station at 8 o’clock last night. (not leave)

3. I _____ to a movie last night. (go)

4. I _____ in the park but no one _____ to play. (wait, come)

5. The door was open and a snake _____ the room. (enter)

The past continuous is used:-

-To express an action going on at sometime in the past

Ex. She was knitting all evening on Sunday.

-To express an action that was a habit in the past

Ex . The chef was always preparing delicious food for his clients before the restaurant closed

down.

POSITIVE

S+V2+O.

NEGATIVE

S+did +not+ V1+O.

INTERROGATIVE

Did+S+V1+O?

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

Did +S+not+V1+O?

FORMULAS OF PAST INDEFINITE TENSE / SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN

DIFFERENT KINDS OF SENTENCES

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE / PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

S+ was/were+V1+ing+O

-To indicate an action which had started at some time but had not ended at the time when

some other action took place

Ex. The lady was coughing when I entered the room.

POSITIVE S+was/were +V1+ing+O.

NEGATIVE S+was/were+not+V1+ing +O.

INTERROGATIVE Was/were+S+V1+ing+O?

NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE Was/were +S+not+V1+ing+O?

SECTIONAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with Past Continuous Tense:-

1. I ______ to music when the bell rang. (listen)

2. You ____ when your aunt came.(sleep)

3. Mr. Mehra ______ television when somebody rang the bell.(watch)

4. He _____ numericals when the bell rang for lunch break.(solve)

5. You ____ down the road when I met you. (walk)

FINAL RECAPITULATION

Exercise 3 a) Read the following sentences and state the tense forms

of the underlined verbs:-

1. Sumit was feeling hungry.

2. I forgot Newton’s laws.

3. They weren’t reading story books in class yesterday.

FORMULAS OF PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE IN DIFFERENT

KINDS OF SENTENCES

Exercice 3 (b) Read the following sentences and rewrite them as required:-

1. The children were writing articles for the school magazine yesterday. (negative)

2. My neighbours were shifting to Mumbai when I tried to contact them. (negative)

3. They were planning to go out yesterday. (interrogative)

4. They pledged to save the environment . (interrogative)

5. Rohan was planning to participate whole heartedly in the event. (negative interrogative)

Answer key of English Worksheet-5

Exercise 1 1. has finished 2. have written 3. has written 4. has gone 5. have left 6. have

cut 7. have won 8. She has not gone to her friend’s house. 9. Has he eaten the breakfast?

10. Have they gone to the auditorium?

Exercise 2 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. Since

Exercise 3 1. have been writing 2. have been watching 3. have not been eating 4. has

not been swimming 5. have been protesting 6. has been barking 7. has been suffering 8.

Has she been sleeping for too long? 9. Have they not been playing in the sun for long?

10. Has she been shouting at her sister for nothing?

Exercise 4 1. They have been living in this apartment for a long time.2. He enjoys

paneer tikka. 3. He has been reading for two hours. 4. Sneha loves to go out on every

weekend . 5. Ram is studying in his room. 6. She has kept herself busy these days. 7.

They are playing since four o’clock. 8. Tom closes the lid of the basket. 9. He eats candy. 10. She has sold vegetables.

Class 8 Hindi Worksheet-6

Answer key of Hindi Worksheet-5

Class 8 Punjabi worksheet-6( for Chandigarh & Panchkula Branches only)

Class – 8 Punjabi Worksheet – 4 (For Mohali & Zirakpur Branches Only)

Answer key of Punjabi Worksheet – 3 (For Mohali & Zirakpur Branches Only)

Class 8 Sanskrit Worksheet-4 (for Panchkula branch only)

Class 8 S.St. Worksheet-6 (Geography)

CHAPTER – 3 (MIGRATION)

Migration – Human migration denotes any movement by human beings between one

geographical region to another with an aim to settle definitely or temporarily.

Migration of skilled human resources from developing to developed nations is a

major challenge for the developing nation like INDIA.

From ancient times, travelers, traders, priests and pilgrims travelled vast distances for

knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution. Though the

pace of migration had accelerated since 18th

century but it increased further in the 19th

century. Millions of agricultural workers left the country side and moved to the cities

causing unprecedented levels of urbanization. This phenomenon began in Britain in the

late 18th

century and spread around the world. Industrialization, globalisation and

technology are the major factors which have contributed largely to migration.

Migration maybe broadly classified as international and internal migration.

International Migration – Movement of population from one country to another across the

international borders is called international migration. It becomes immigration or emigration

depending on how the place of destination or place of origin is considered.

Immigration – It is the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country and the

person who indulges in immigration is called an immigrant.

Emigration – It is the act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another country and the person who indulges in emigration is called an emigrant.

An immigrant is the one who migrates to a nation and an emigrant is the one who

migrates away from his home country. Immigration and emigration can be applied to

the same person. For example, if a person moves away from our country to live in

another country, that person will be emigrant to us but for the other country he or she

is an immigrant.

Instances of Indians migrating to other countries have been noticed in the historical times. In

the 19th century many Indians migrated to Mauritius, Myanmar, Malaysia, Fiji, South Africa

and East Africa as labourers and settled permanently there.

Partition of India in 1947 resulted in large scale migration of population from India to

Pakistan and Bangladesh and vice versa. This has been termed as one of the greatest

movements of human beings in the history of the world. About 15 million people moved

across the border.

Since 1970s, highly educated and skilled professionals have migrated from India to

some of the most advanced countries such as USA, United Kingdom, Canada and some

countries of Western Europe, leading to a serious problem of BRAIN DRAIN.

Brain drain is the migration of skilled human resource for trade, education and better

opportunities etc. Better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to

advanced technology, and more stable political conditions in the developed countries attract talent from less developed areas. The majority of migration is from developing

to developed countries. It affects the developing countries as these countries have

invested in the education and training of young professionals. This translates into a loss

of considerable resources when these people migrate, with the direct benefit accruing to

country the recipient country, whereas the cost of education and training is borne by

the home country.

EXERCISE

I – Answer the following questions in brief -

Q1- Define migration.

Q2 –What is international migration?

Q3- What is the difference between immigration and emigration?

Q4- Define Brain drain.

II-Fill in the blanks –

a) The phenomenon of urbanization began in____.

b) Migration of skilled human resources to other countries is termed as _____.

c) If you migrate to another country, you will be an____ and if your friend decides to

migrate to India, he will be an______.

Answer key of S.St. Worksheet-5 (History-Civics)

1) Fill in the blanks: a) The Nizam established the state of Hyderabad.

b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh founded the city of Jaipur.

c) Nadir Shah defeated Muhammad Shah in battle at Karnal in 1739.

2) Short questions:

a) Give one example to show that Aurangzeb followed a policy of religious intolerance.

Ans) Aurangzeb reimposed the jaziya and permitted the destruction of temples.

b) Mention two ways in which the nobles exercised their power during the rule of the

Later Mughals.

Ans) The nobles hatched conspiracies to depose kings and raise rival candidates to the

throne. The frequent change of rulers caused political instability.

c) What valuable objects did Nadir Shah carry away from India?

Ans) Nadir Shah carried away enormous wealth including the Kohinoor diamond and

Shah Jahan’s jewel-studded Peacock Throne.

3) Long answers:

a) With reference to the decline of the Mughal Empire, discuss

i) Aurangzeb’s responsibility; Ans) Aurangzeb reversed Akbar’s policies of diplomacy and religious tolerance. He reimposed the Jaziya and permitted the destruction of temples. His revenue collectors

oppressed the peasants. These factors led to revolts such as those of the Jats, the

Bundelas, the Satnamis and the Sikhs, which greatly weakened the empire. Aurangzeb

also lost the loyalty of the Rajputs after interfering in their internal matters. Aurangzeb’s unwise policies led to revolts, affected Mughal administration and allowed the nobles to

become powerful. During his long absence from North India, Aurangzeb became

involved in the affairs of the Deccan and neglected the administration of his empire. This

allowed the ambitious nobles to become powerful.

ii) The role of the nobles of the Mughal Court

Ans) After Aurangzeb’s death, the three main groups of nobles – the Turanis of

Afghanistan, the Iranis of Persia and the Hindustanis of India assumed the role of

kingmakers. They hatched conspiracies to depose kings and raise rival candidates to the

throne. The frequent change of rulers caused political instability. This allowed provinces

to break away and also attracted foreign invasions.

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Class 8 Science Worksheet-6 (Biology)

Continued: Chapter- Transport of food in minerals and plants

Xylem help in conduction of water and they are pipe like vessels. Each vessel is made up

of thick walls and elongated cells. These tissues form a continuous network within the

plants, and spread across the roots, stem, branches and leaves. Thus, water and dissolved

minerals are transported in the form of sap through capillary action which pulls water

from the roots to the leaves.

The sap moves in an upward direction against the gravity to reach the leaves of the plant.

This upward movement of sap is called ascent of sap. It is aided by transpiration and root

pressure.

The root pressure pushes the water up towards the stem. The capillary action then further

pushes the water up the narrow tubes of xylem.

This rising of water through the narrow tubes of the xylem is called capillary action.

The factors that are responsible for ascent of sap are:

1. Cohesion: it is the mutual attraction between water molecules.

2. Adhesion: it involves attraction of water molecules to the surface (surface of

elements of xylem)

Transpiration

Loss of water from the plant in the form of water vapour is known as transpiration.

There are three types of transpiration:

1. Lenticular transpiration

Lenticels are small openings in the bank of young branches, cork of woody stems and

fruits. When water is lost through the lenticels it is called lenticular transpiration.

2. Cuticular transpiration

Cuticle is the multilayered waxy deposit that generally covers the leaves of the plants.

When water is lost through cuticle it is called cuticular transpiration

3. Stomatal transpiration

Stomata are minute pores present in the leaves. Each stomata is surrounded by two

bean-shaped guard cells. When water is lost through stomata it is called stomatal

transpiration.

The main function of stomata is to allow carbon dioxide to enter into the leaves for

photosynthesis. It simultaneously functions to prevent excessive water loss.

Maximum amount of transpiration in a plant body occurs through stomata.

Questions:

1. What to you mean by ascent of sap?

2. Write about the forces that contribute in ascent of sap.

3. What is transpiration?

4. Describe the types of transpiration.

5. What is the function of stomata and where is it found?

Answer key of Science Worksheet-5 (Chemistry)

Ans.1. pg 1 blue box definition.

Q.2. a) hydroxide OH- 1

b)Chlorine Cl-

1

c) carbonate CO3-2

2

d) Ammonium NH4+ 1

e) Nitrate NO3- 1

Q.3. a)Sodium Na2O Na2S

b) Calcium CaO CaS

c) Hydrogen H2O H2S

Q.4. i) a)Cu2O - Cuprous Oxideb)CuO - Cupric Oxide ii ) FeCl3 iii) NaOH

iv) FeS v) HNO3 vi) H2SO4 vii) Ca(OH)2 viii) MgCO3 ix)

(NH4)2CO3 x) ZnCl2

Class 8 Maths Worksheet-6

(SQUARE ROOTS)(in continuation with previous worksheet)

SQUARE ROOT: Square root of a number n is that number which when multiplied

by

itself gives n as the product or we can say that square root is the

inverse operation of finding the square.

For example 22 = 4 square root of 4 is 2 (i.e. 4 = 2)

Similarly, 32 = 9 square root of 9 is 3 (i.e. 9 = 3) and so

on.

Example 1: Find the Square root of 324 by Prime factorisation method.

Solution: Expressing 324 into prime factors, we have

324 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3

324 = 2 × 3 × 3 (Taking one prime number from each pair)

Therefore 324 = 18; Hence the square root of 324 is 18

Example 2: Find the Square root of 42.25 by Prime factorisation method.

Solution: 42.25 = 100

4225 =

4

169 =

2 ×2

13 ×13 =

2

2

2

13

25.42 = 2

13 = 6.5

SQUARE ROOT BY DIVISION METHOD

Example 3: Find the Square root of the number 729 by division method.

Solution: Steps :

1. Place a bar (or arrow) over every pair of digits from right to left (←) i.e. starting from unit’s digit. If the number of digits is odd, then the left most digit too will

have a bar.

Each pair of digits and then remaining one digit (if any) on the extreme left is

called period.

2. Take the first pair of digits or the single digit as the case may be. In this case, it is

the digit 7. Find the greatest number whose square is less than or equal

to 7. Such number is 2. Write 2

on the top in the quotient and also in the divisor. Subtract 22

i.e. 4 from

7. The remainder is 3.

3. Bring down the pair of digits under the next bar (i.e. 29 in this case) to

the right of the remainder. So the new dividend is 329.

4. Double the quotient (i.e. 2 in this case) to get 4 and enter it with a blank on its

right at the place of new divisor.

5. Find the largest possible digit to fill the blank which will also become the new

digit in the quotient, such that when the new divisor is multiplied by the new digit

in the quotient the product is less than or equal to dividend.

In this case 47 × 7 = 329. So we choose the new digit as 7. Place 329 under 329.

Subtract and get remainder 0.

729 = 27

Example 4: Find the square root of the following numbers by division method:

(i) 841

256 (ii)10

121

86

Solution: (i) 841

256 =

841

256 =

29

16

841

256 =

29

16

(ii) 10121

86 =

121

1296

121

8610 =

121

1296=

121

1296=

11

36 = 3

11

3

121

8610 = 3

11

3

Example 5: Find the least number that must be subtracted from 1989 so as to get a

perfect

Square. Also find the square root of the perfect square.

Solution: Given Number = 1989

So after finding out its square by long division method,

We get the remainder = 53

It means (44)2 is less than 1989 by 53.

Therefore, if we subtract 53 from 1989,

We get (44)2 which is a perfect square number.

Hence, the least number that must be subtracted from 1989 so as

to make it a perfect Square is 53.

Required perfect square number = 1989 – 53 = 1936

and 1936 = 44

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SOME PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Find the square roots of the following numbers by prime factorisation method:

(i) 441 (ii) 4356 (iii) 8836 (iv)17 36

13 (v) 1.96 (vi) 0.0064

2. The area of a rectangle is 1936 m2. If the length of the rectangle is 4 times its

breadth. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

3. Find the square root of each of the following by division method:

(i)2401 (ii)167281 (iii) 213444 (iv)

1521

841

(v) 1

144

25

4. The product of two numbers is 7260. If one number is 15 times the other

number, Find the numbers.

5. Find the least number which must be subtracted from each of the following

numbers to make them a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect

square number so obtained: (i) 2000 (ii) 8934 (iii) 11021

6. There are 1000 children in a school. For a P.T drill they have to stand in such a

way that the number of rows is equal to number of columns. How many children

would be left out in this arrangement?

7. 4225 plants are to be planted in a garden in such a way that each row contains

as many plants as the number of rows. Find the number of rows and the

number of plants in each row.

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ANSWER KEY OF MATHS WORKSHEET – 5

1. (i) 1 (ii) 1 (iii) 6 (iv) 1 (v) 9 (vi) 5

2. (i) odd (ii) even (iii) odd (iv) odd

3. (i) 100 (ii) 169

4. (i) 49 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13

(ii) 121 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21

5. (i) 332 = 544 + 545 (ii) 47

2 = 1104 + 1105

6. (i) 961 (ii) 7396 (iii) 8836

7. (i) 4225 (ii) 93025 (iii) 50625

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Class 8 Computer Applications Worksheet-5

CHAPTER NAME : OPERATING SYSTEM AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE –

ROLE AND FUNCTIONS

Let’s understand the features/functions of operating system.

There are 8 major functions described in your syllabus, they are as follows:-

1. Processor Management

2. Memory storage and management.

3. File Management

4. Device management

5. Security and Protection

6. Enforcement of priority system.

7. Provision of user interface

8. Job control

Now have a complete idea about above features/functions. We are starting with first

feature/function.

1. PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT

2. MEMORY STORAGE AND MANAGEMENT

3. FILE MANAGEMENT

4. DEVICE MANAGEMENT

5. SECURITY AND PROTECTION

6. ENFORCEMENT OF PRIORITY SYSTEM

7. PROVISION OF USER INTERFACE

8. JOB CONTROL

Fill in the blanks from the hint list mentioned here.

HINT : (processor, unauthorised, deletion, secondary, I/O operations, commands, multiple,

directory, function, job executions.)

1. OS manages the sharing of internal memory among the _______ applications.

2. Operating system keeps the track of information regarding creation,______, transfer,

copy and storage of files.

3. OS maintains the integrity of the files including the file ____ structure.

4. An OS handles the ______ of a computer system.

5. OS protect the resources and information stored on a computer system against ____

access.

6. Enforcement of priority system means determine and maintain a specific order of various

_____ in the computer system.

7. User communicates with the OS using a standard set of system _____.

8. Processor management is the most important _____ of an operating system.

9. OS ensures that each process receives enough time from the ______ to function properly.

10. Computer system uses a lot of data, which is stored on the ____ storage devices.

Answer key of Computer Application Worksheet-4 HINT BOX (basic functions, master, BIOS, interface, blackcomb, Windows 7, coordinator,

Windows Key+M, Basic input output system, communicate)

1. User cannot communicate with a computer directly.

2. Operating system is the master program which make computer alive.

3. Operating system act like an interface between user and hardware.

4. Operating system acts as a central coordinator between hardware and software.

5. The codename of Windows7 was blackcomb.

6. BIOS stand for Basic Input Output System.

7. Vienna was renamed as Windows 7 because it was the 7th operating system.

8. BIOS is a software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard.

9. Use short cut key Windows Key+M to minimize all the windows opened on your

desktop.

10. BIOS instruct the computer about how to perform basic functions.

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