CLASS 5

GRAND THEORIES GRAND THEORIES

OF PERSONALITYOF PERSONALITY

• grand theories put it all together

• only a few psychologists have tried

• the three most important of these are……..

Freud 1895-1910

Freud 1910-1925

Freud 1925-1940

PSYCHO-DYNAMICTHEORY

AKA

• FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY

• PSYCHO-ANALYSIS

• DEEP PSYCHOLOGY

a most elaborate theory

• We can only touch on the surface of several pieces of the theory:– Motivational model (big two)– Structure of the mind (levels of awareness)– Structure of personality (dynamics)– Model of development (stages)– Measurement techniques

Motivational Model

• Driving forces of life

• Two major motivations

SEX

• Life instinct = EROSEROS

• Libido = current level

AGGRESSION

• Death instinct = THANATOS

–Aggression toward self

–Aggression toward others

Two broad motivations

• More general meaning than usual

• equivalent to Positive and Negative life forces

• Both socially undesirable: need defense

Freud’s Many methods

1. Case study

2. Hypnosis

3. Dream Analysis

4. Free association

5. Projective tests

WHY NECESSARY?• all designed to get around the patient’s defenses• Behavior is symbolic

1. Case study method

DoraAnna O.

2. Hypnosis

-put patient into altered state

- to avoid defenses

3. Dream Analysis

• Manifest content– Patient’s description

Dream-work

• Latent content – requires interpretation of symbols

4. Free Association

• open-ended method– -therapist listens to your stream-of-

consciousness

• priming method– therapist provides a series of key words– response delay indicates the sore spots

5. Projective Tests

• ambiguous stimuli

• people ‘project’ their thoughts

• patient’s interpretation reveals innermost thoughts

Rorschach

e. g., Rorschach Ink Blot test

• you are what you see

• originally very casual

• later systematized by Holtzmann

STRUCTURE OF THE MIND

-more complex than previously assumed

-has compartments

-therefore, can do strange things

1. Conscious mind

2. Pre-conscious mind

3. Un-conscious mind

<catch Figure 12.8>

Iceberg metaphor

STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

id Pleasure principle

superego Idealistic principle

ego Reality principle

STAGE THEORY

• Oral stage

• Anal stage (retentive vs. expulsive)

• Phallic stage

• Latency period

• Genital stage