GENERAL SCIENCE 2NDTERM NOTES

CLASS 5

CHAPTER.2

THEANIMALWORLD

a. Choose whether the statement is true or False.

1. Vertebrates are divided into five classes. True

2. Arthropods are the major source of food for most other plants. False

3. Frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts are Reptiles. False

4. There are nerve cells in your brain that receive messages. True

5. There are blood cells that carry oxygen around the body.True

6. Mammals are divided into seven groups. False

7. Cnidarians include jellyfish and coral. True

8. The world’s deadly animal is an insect. True

9.Worms is divided into three groups. True

b. Missing letters.

1. Alligator

2. Grasshopper

3. Octopuses

4. Dinosaurs

5. Mammals

Short Question Answers

Q.No.1. Write down three main differences between mammals

and reptiles.

Ans.

1. Mammals are warm blooded, reptiles are cold blooded.

2. Mammals give birth to their young ones, reptiles lay eggs.

3. Mammals have hair or fur, reptiles have scales.

Q.No.2.How do most fish breathe?

Ans. Fish get their oxygen from water. They take in water through

their mouth and pass it over the gills. Gills are full of blood vessels

where the oxygen is extracted.

Q.No.3. Write three main physical characteristics of

a. an insect

b. an amphibian

Ans. Insects:

1. Three pairs of legs on their thorax.

2. Insects have three body parts[head, thorax, abdomen]

3. They are small in size and they can fly.

AmphibiansS:

1. They begin life in water and then live in water.

2. They breathe through their skin.

3. They are cold-blooded.

Q.NO.4 Write down some of the characteristics features of a bird.

Ans.Birds are warm-blooded, lay eggs with hard shells, have

feathers and wings. They have scales only on their legs and feet.

Birds have streamlined bodies which help them to fly.

Q.NO.5 What are the animals living in water.

Ans.Animals that are living in water are shark, sea lion, turtle,

octopus, crabs, seals etc.

Q.NO.6 Name the animals that have Scales.

Ans. Crocodiles, turtles, pangolins, snakes, woodpecker (on their

breast and known as scale breasted woodpecker) are having

scales on their body.

Q.NO.7 What are the animals that have fur.

Ans.Many animals have fur to help keep their bodies warm like

polar bears, Arctic fox, dogs, cats etc.

Q.NO.8What is another word for animals with a spine or without

a spine.

Ans. Another word for animals with a spine is vertebrate and for

animals without a spine is invertebrate.

LONG QUESTION/ANSWERS

Q.NO.1 What is an animal cell. What does it do? Name the main

parts of a cell.

Ans. An animal cell is a cell that holds all the information

necessary to an animal alive. Nerve cell in the brain sends and

receives messages. Blood cells carry oxygen around the body and

other cells protect animals against diseases. The main parts of an

animal cell are the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and the

vacuole.

Workbook pages

Chapter.8

MATTER AND MATERIALS

A. Fill in the blanks. 1. Particles in a solid are packed tightly.

2. The chemical formula of water is 𝐻2O.

3. Heating solid matter gives the particles energy.

4. Solids have the same shape no matter where you put them.

5. Water is always evaporating from the Earth.

6. The three main forms of matter are gas, solid and liquid.

B. Write true and false.

1. All matter is made up of gases. [False]

2. The boiling point of water is 100C. [True]

3. Water molecule is always made up of three hydrogen atoms

and one oxygen atom. [False]

4. Freezing is responsible for changing the state of matter.

[False]

5. Evaporation turns a liquid into a gas. [True]

6. Water can be a solid, liquid, or gas. [True]

C. Missing letters. 1. Hydrogen

2. Neutrons

3. Substance

4. Evaporation

5. Melting

Short Questions/Answers

1. What determines whether matter is in its solid form,

liquid form, or its gas form?

Ans. The movement and arrangements of particles determine

whether matter is in solid, liquid or gas form.

2. Complete the following sentences, by putting the

following four words into them?

Condensing, freezing, evaporating, melting

a. Changing a solid into a liquid involves melting

b. Changing a gas into a liquid involves condensing

c. Changing a liquid into a gas involves evaporating

d. Changing a liquid into a solid involves freezing

3. In physics, what does the term ‘particle’ mean?

Ans. Particles are very small things that help to make something

larger. Electrons, neutrons, protons, atoms, and molecules are all

examples of particles.

4. What are the different ways that heating can affect

matter? Explain your answer giving

examples.

Ans. Heating can affect matter by changing it from one state to

another. It can do this by melting, freezing, condensing, and

evaporation.

For example: If ice (solid) is heated it changes its state to water

(liquid) and if this water is further heated it becomes water vapour

(gas).When heat is removed, the water vapours (gas) are cooled

down and convert into water (liquid).

5. How do solids melt?

Ans.Solids melt when they are given more heat energy. Heating solid

matter gives the particles energy. Once the temperature reaches the

melting point of that material, the particles have enough energy to

move away from each other and change the solid into liquid.

Long Questions/Answers

1. What is condensation? Give examples of condensation

from your daily life.

Ans. Condensation: Is the process by which water vapor turns into liquid. It happens

when molecules of water vapour cool down and collect together as

liquid (water). Water vapour can be found on the outside of cold

glass, the warm side of windows, and in the clouds up in the air.

Examples:

Dew forming on grass in the early morning, eye glasses fogging up

when you enter a warm building on a cold winter day, or water

drops forming on a glass containing a cold drink on a hot summer

day.

Dew forming on grassCondensationExample

2. How is evaporation different from boiling? Explain

with examples.

Ans. Evaporation is different from boiling because liquids

evaporate at temperatures below their boiling points. Boiling

speeds up evaporation at boiling point, the liquid being boiled will

begin to evaporate. Water evaporates from the Earth during the

water cycle. Although, the temperature on Earth never reaches the

boiling point of water, but the higher the temperature, the faster

water evaporates.

Workbook pages.

Home work.

• You have to do question No.1 on page 72 in book.

• Complete page No. 31 in work book.

CHAPTER 12

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

A: Choose the best answer.

1. Which one of the following was an astronomer? A. Pasteur B.

Einstein C. Copernicus

2. More than half of the sun is made up of:

A. iron B. hydrogen C. oxygen

3. Gas particles released from the sun and entering the Erath’s

atmosphere cause:

A. solar flares B. solar energy C. solar winds

4. Which planet has a huge red spot?

A. Mars B. Jupiter C. Uranus

5. The closest planet to the Earth is:

A. Mercury b. Neptune C. Venus

6. Orbit the planets.

A. Asteroids B. moons C. stars

7. Man-made objects sent into space to orbit the Earth are called:

A. artificial satellites B. dwarf planets C. ice rings

8. Moons are made of:

A. Ice B. rock C. sand

9. The four large moons of Jupiter are known as:

A. Galilean B. Phobos C. Titan

10. The sidereal month is equal of:

A. 29.531 B. 27.322 C. 28.268

B. True or false.

1. Solar systems have a small star like the sun. (False)

2. The sun is a star made up of burning gases. (True)

3. About 90% of the sun is hydrogen gas. (False)

4. Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. (True)

5. Mars has 4 moons. (False)

6. Uranus has the coldest surface temperature. (True)

7. Saturn has 62 moons. (True)

Short Questions/Answers 1. What is the solar system?

Ans. The solar system is the Sun and all the objects that orbit around it.

These objects include planets, asteroids (piece of rocks), and natural

satellites.

2. What is the Sun composed of?

Ans. The sun is composed of burning gases 70% hydrogen, 30% helium

and tiny amounts of many other elements such as carbon, iron, neon,

silicon, sulfur.

3. What are the planets?

Ans. Planets are large spherical bodies that orbit a sun. There are eight

planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and

Neptune.

4. What is a dwarf planets?

Ans. Pluto is a dwarf planet as it is small and scientists have discovered

similar-sized bodies within its orbit.

5. What is the asteroids belt? Ans. The asteroid belt is a series of asteroids which orbit the sun

between Mars and Jupiter.

ASTEROID BELT

6. What is the position of the sun in our solar system? How does it

contributes life on Earth?

Ans. The sun is the center of our solar system and contributes to life on

Earth by providing heat and light. Earth orbits 93 miles away from it.

7. Name the planets nearest and farthest from the Sun.

Ans. The order of the planets from the nearest to the farthest from the

Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and

Neptune.

8. Which planet is nearest to Earth? What are the chances of life

being found there?

Ans. Venus is the closest planet to Earth as it sweeps by on its orbit.

There are minimal chances of finding life on Venus as it is the hottest

planet.

Long Question/Answers

1. Who was Copernicus and what was his contribution to science?

Ans. Nicholas Copernicus was an astronomer who lived in Poland about 500

years ago. He was the first person to discover that the planets orbit the Sun.

One of the most important contributions of Copernicus placed the sun at the

center of universe, rather than the earth.

Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

2. What is the difference between a natural satellite and an artificial

satellite?

Ans. Natural satellite:

The moon is a natural satellite of the earth. There are

large bodies that orbit the planets and help to determine the number of days

in a month. The natural satellite mostly made up of rock, but some are made of

ice.

Artificial satellite:

Artificial satellites are man-made objects sent into space to

collect information related to weather, car navigation systems, and live

television transmission. There are currently over a thousand active satellites

orbiting the Earth.

3. From one new moon to the next, how many phases does Earth’s moon pass

through. Draw the different phases to explain your answer.

Ans. There are eight phases in order, new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter,

waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter and waning crescent.

The cycle repeats once a month (every 29.5 days)

*Draw a diagram similar to that on page 103 of the book.*

Work book pages:

• Home work.

Do question no.2 on page 98 in notebook.

Do question no. 5, 8 on page 105 in notebook.

Checked by: Nayab Qayyum Gill (21st August, 2020)