MIS 111: COMPUTERS AND

THE INTER-NETWORKED

SOCIETYClass 15: Project Management

August 2nd, 2011

LOOK A LOT ALIKE!

Pinchas Zukerman Mark Zuckerberg

TAKE ANOTHER LOOK

OBAMA?

MAYBE WE NEED SOME HELP FROM COMPUTER VISION… Let’s age Zuckerberg a little!

“FaceGen Modeller 3.5”

THIS IS THE TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY WE USE WITH NATIONAL SECURITY Do you trust an avatar that looks more

like you?

MIS 111: COMPUTERS AND

THE INTER-NETWORKED

SOCIETYClass 15: Project Management

August 2nd, 2011

ADMINISTRATION Assignment 4: Due Thursday Before

Class If you missed class, come get it.

Survey: AnimalLingo Party Class Evaluations- Possibly Today! Quiz 4 Tomorrow: Learning Objectives

QUIZ 4: LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define or describe 1) Enterprise Resource

Management (ERP), 2) Supply Chain Management, and 3) Customer Relationship Management systems.

Compare and contrast the waterfall model and Iterative and Incremental Development.

Explain what happens in the planning stage of the Software Development Life Cycle

Explain why it is important to understand company culture.

Define Project Management. What are the three constraints of project

management

TODAY’S LEARNING OBJECTIVES Specify requirements by using an event

table Create a context diagram Create DFD fragments Create a decision tree

Define Project Management List the three constraints of project

management Explain how to manage each constraint

REVIEW OF CONTEXT DIAGRAMS Context Diagrams contain External

Agents, Data Flows, and the System itself.

Draw the following context diagram representing Officer and Traffic Violator transactions.Officers record violations.Traffic Violators are fined through the

system and also pay fines through the system.

CONTEXT DIAGRAM

OfficerTraffic

ViolatorTraffic

System

Violation Info

Fine

Payment

REVIEW OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS Complete this event table.

Event Trigger Source Use Case

Response

Destination

Customer purchases tickets

Ticket Purchase

Concert is cancelled

Customer

CREATE DFD FRAGMENTS FROM THIS EVENT TABLE

Event Trigger Source Use Case

Response

Destination

Manager wants to check order status

Order Status Inquiry

Management

Look up Order Status

Order Status Details

Management

Shipping identifies back-order

Back-order notice

Shipping Record Back order

Return confirm-ation

Customer

Merchand-ising updates catalog

Catalog update details

Merchand-ising

Update Catalog

LETS KEEP GOING

REMEMBER THIS EXAMPLE

Event Trigger Source Use Case Response Destination

An academic department wants to schedule a course

Scheduling request

Academic Department

Schedule a course

Class Schedule

System

A student wants to enroll in a course

Enrollment Request

Student Enroll student

Schedule Student

Class lists are distributed to faculty

“Beginning of Semester”

System Produce class list

Class List Faculty

CONTEXT DIAGRAM

Faculty Member

Academic Departmen

t

StudentCourse

Registration System

Schedule Data

Class List

Enrollment Request

Schedule

Faculty Member

3 Produce Class List

Class List

Enrollment Data

Course Data

Student2 Enroll Student

Enrollment Request

Schedule

Enrollment Data

Course Data

Academic Departmen

t

1 Schedule Course

Course DataSchedule Data

THOUGHT? Any questions related to Assignment 4? Can I use this to develop an Android

App?

DIAGRAM 0: ALL TOGETHER

Academic Departmen

t

1 Schedul

e Course

Course Data

Enrollment Data

3 Produce

Class List

2 Enroll

Student

Student

Faculty Member

Schedule Data

Enrollment Request

Schedule

Class List

DIAGRAM 0: A LITTLE LESS ABSTRACTION

Diagram 0 contains all DFD fragments. Don’t worry… you won’t be required to perform this feat! But I will show you what one looks like.

Just focus on creating event tables, context diagrams, and DFD fragments.

Rome wasn’t built in a day.

SOME VERY BAD THINGS Black Hole – data goes into a process

and nothing comes out!

Miracle – nothing goes into a process and data comes out!

2 Enroll Student

Enrollment Request

Course Data

Student

2 Enroll Student

Schedule

Enrollment Data

Student

DECISION TREES

THE DECISION TREE The Decision Tree is another Systems

Analysis tool that summarizes decision logic.

DECISION TREES ARE BASED ON DECISION VARIABLES To decide delivery charge, we look at the

following variables:

Purchase Cost Is it greater or less than $250?

Number of Items Purchased Is it greater than or equal to four? Or less than

or equal to three?

Delivery Day Is it next day delivery? 2nd day delivery? Or 7th

day delivery?

Purchase > 250?

# items

Delivery day

No Yes

<=3

>=4

<=3

>=4

next

next

next nex

t2nd 7th

2nd7th

2nd7th 2nd 7th

DECISION MADE ON DELIVERY COST (in $)

25 10 7.50 10 7.50 6 35 15 10 9.50 7.50 6

YOU TRY A DECISION TREE BASED ON THESE VARIABLES By looking at the following variables, we can

decide whether or not to expedite delivery.

Customer Type Are they a new customer or not?

Back Order Is the item on back order more than 25 days or

not?

Return Instructions Are detailed instructions to be included or not?

ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

SYSTEM SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Why was the Systems Development Life

Cycle so important? Because the majority of IS projects fail

WHY DO PROJECTS FAIL? Some primary reasons why projects fail

include the following:

1. Incomplete or changing system requirements

2. Poor Project Planning 3. Unclear objectives 4. Limited User Involvement 5. Lack of executive support 6. Lack of technical support

WHAT HELPS PROJECTS SUCCEED? 1. Clear system requirement

definitions

2. Substantial user involvement

3. Support from upper management

4. Thorough and detailed project plans

5. Realistic work schedules and milestones

NOTE “The technology is too complex”

is generally not a reason for project failure.

Projects fail most frequently because project management has failed.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?

• Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of the particular project.

More than 16 million people employed by businesses regard their profession as project management

WHAT IS A PROJECT?

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve a particular goal

A project must have a unique purposeA project must have a fixed lifespanA project requires resources, often from various

areasA project involves uncertainty

THE TRIPLE CONSTRAINT

Projects are said to be bound by a Triple Constraint of:

Time (When do we have to be done?) Resources (How much money do we have?) Scope (What do we need to accomplish?)

Whereby any changes to one of the factors will effect the outcome of the project.

CONSTRAINT MATRIXMost Medium Least

Scope x

Schedule x

Resources x

TIME

Managing:

TIME Why is time a constraint? Time is Money! How do we manage time?

TIME AS A CONSTRAINT

Project managers can use PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) and Gannt Charts to monitor and model the time constraints of a project.

GANTT CHART

TERMS Critical Path Slack

PERT CHART

TOOLS TO HELP Microsoft Project Open Workbench

PERT CHART EXAMPLE How do we create a peanut butter

sandwich

RESOURCES

Managing

FOOD FOR THOUGHT? What resources are constrained?

RESOURCES AS A CONSTRAINT

Project managers can perform a Cost/Benefit Analysis to determine whether or not a project is Economically Feasible.

COST/BENEFIT ANALYSISA Useful Formula:

Return-on-Investment =

(PV of Benefits – PV of Costs) ________________________________ PV of Costs

PV of Costs = Development costs + Total PV of Costs

COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Another Useful Formula:

Find the last year that the PV of Net Benefits and Costs is negative.

Payback Period =

Year# + Cumulative NPV of Year_________________________________Cumulative NPV of Year + Cumulative NPV of Next

Year

SCOPE

Triple Constraint:

SCOPE Definition? What do we need to

accomplish How do you choose between

alternatives? How do you control this?

CHOOSING BETWEEN ALTERNATIVES

Criteria Question Scale Weight 1 2 3 4

Costs Will it increase costs 1-5 2 2.5 4 4.5 1.5Sales Will it lead to more sales? 1-5 1.9 3.5 2 5 4Costumer

Will it improve customer satisfaction

1-5 2.25 4 3 4.5

Total 39.6 38.4 39.65 34.6

IT WORKS FOR A LOT OF STUFF!

Criteria Question Scale Weight School 1 School 2 Arizona School 3

Industry Will I learn how to write grants well? 1-5 2 2.5 4 4.5 1.5Ranking What is the ranking of the school? 1-5 1.9 3.5 2 5 4Publishing Can I get publications? 1-5 2.2 5 4 3 4.5

Fit Do I fit in the culture, enjoy the program, find the research topic interesting?

1-5 1.74 5 3.5 2

Funding What is the funding in terms of stipends, conferences, computer, and cost of living?

1-5 1.52.5 3 2 5

Community Will Amy enjoy the community? 1-5 1.6 4 3 3.5 2Total 39.6 38.4 39.65 34.6

CONTROLLING SCOPE Refer to the Constraint Matrix Changes must be approved Who can request changes?