Prospectus of the

CLAlls'rIIAL

UB Clauatha' 104

1101;111111111 / · .,.:"

CLAUSTHAL. -

Printed by Ed. Pieper. 1882.

UN IVERSITAT$.BIßLIOTH EX: t/'CLA~8"lfA.L

1.

The School of Mines affords to students an op­portunity of obtaining such technical scientifio eduoation.as will qualify them to become managers of large mi:ning and metallurgioal works,

2.

IIatriculatioll.In order to obtain admission to the Sehool of Mi­

nes, the student must be able to produce:1) A certificate of suffioient preparatory eduoation.2) Proof of good conduct up to the time of his

admiasion.Notice is given by handing the requisite certificates

to the Director of the Institution, who decides whetherthe student shall be admitted.

Students can be admitted either as "Bergakademi­ker'' 01' "Hospitanten". The standard of the qualifica­tion for admission as a "Bergakademiker", in the case.of German subjecta, is the final certificate of a gym­nasi um, high sohool of the first class, 01' one of the RoyalPrussian trade sohools, established according to the 01'­ganization Scheme of the 21"1 of March 1870. Foreign­ers have togive proof by means of certificstes of asimilar education.

Persous with less previous education can be ad-,mitted as "Hospitanten", provided that their certificates)?rove that they have bad sufficient education to enablethem fully to understand the lectures,

At the end of a year, Hospitanten, who are quali­fied, have the opportunity of becoming Bergakademikers

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if they can pass an entrance examination in a full courseof elomentary mathemattes. The Director decides onthe admission to this examination,

3.

The course of instruction is divided into the Prac-'. tical Preparatory Course and the ordinary course of lec­tures of the Schoo1 of Mines.

a. The Practical Preparatory Course.

4.'I'he aim of the Practical Preparatory Course is to­

givo to those persons who wish to be admitted to theSchool of Mines, but are wanting in the practical pre­paration for it, an opportunity of becoming acquaintedwith Mining, Ore Dressing, and Smelting, by means of"inspecting works, machines, etc., as well as by their ownwork so far, as is uecessary to enable . them to under­stand the lectures relating to those subjects.

The course begins every year in the first week afJ

tel' Easter and lasts 2-t weeks; of these8 weeks are devoted to Mining,8 weeks " Ore Dressing,8 weeks " Smelting.

The fee for each of these branohes is 18 Marks.Each brauch has a special teacher, who directs

the instruction of the student,The students in the Practical Proparatory Course

are occupied at the works on weck days from 6 a. m.till noon. The special -teacher provides them with a.qualified overseer 01' workman for spscial instruetion.

The afternoon is devoted to the preparation of ajouraal. Once a week the teacher who conducts the:course gives a lecture on the work done and that pro­posed to be done next, looks through the journals andfills up any gaps there may. be in the lmowledge of hisstudents.

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b. The School of Mines.

5.

Distribution of the Oollege Year.

'I'he lectur es at the School of Mines commence atthe beginning of October every year and finish at theend of July.

At Easter and Christmas respeetive1y there is aholiday of 11 days, and at Whitauntide of 8 days.

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Choice of Subjects 01' StlHly.The students are free to ehoose what lectures they

wish to attencl, and the Director will always be readyto assist them with his advice on this point..

7.

Excnrsiolls.Opportunity will be given to the students of en­

larging their knowledge in practical observation by fre­quent visits to the Hartz works, by geological and geo­detic exeursions, as well . as by Ionger educationalexeursions personally conducted by their respectiveProfessors

8.

Fees.For attending the lectures and taking part in the

practical exercises, the students pay a fee of 90 marksder session, *)

In addition there is the following charge for theuse of apparatus and reagents.

*) There are two seesions of about 5 month eaoh in the year.

8 marks.15 marks.

8 marks.20 marks.

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In Blowpipe Analysis (2 hours. weekly) .In Assaying (4 hours weekly) . , . .In Volumetrie Analysis (2 hours weekly)In qualitative Analysis (4- hours weekly)In Quantitative Analysis (daily, with the

exception of Sundays and holidaysfrom 8 to 12, and 2 to 4.)

winter term 50 marks.summer term. . . .. 40 ma.rks,

All glass and porcelain vessels as weIl as the smal­ler requisites, which are used in the practical work, are:provided by the students,

Any one wishing to work beyend the stated hoursat Qualitative Analysis, can do so by paying the feefor praotice in Quantitative Analysis, i. e. 40 01' 50marks. A similar fee has to be paid for extra hours.in the Assaying Laboratory. The time for this work isthe same as in the Quantitative Analysis Laboratory.

For attendance at single COurses 01' lectures a feeof 41/2 marks per term for each weekly hour is paid,e. g. for three courses of foul' hours a week the feewould be 54 marks. For practice in the Chemical an dAssaying Laboratories there must be paid

1) For the use of apparatus, the above men­tioned fees.

2) A Iee for instruction which for practice in Blow­pipe Analysis and in Volumetrie Analysis is equa]to a course of lectures of 2 hours weekly; inQualitative Analysis and Assaying to one of 4­hours, and in Quantitative Analysis to one of 6-hours weekly. .

The Director mlty also give permission to quali­fied persons to perform independant Analyses and Assays;without the instruction of the respective teachers, in thechemical and assaying laboratoriss of the School ofMines, for certain fees to . be paid in advance ; theamount of which is to be computed according to thefollowing tariff: .

1. Chemical Laboratory.

A. Qualitative Analysis to determine.

1 to 3 bodies (in simple cases) 3 marks, .(in difficult cases) G marks.

More than three bodies (in simple cases) 8 marks,(in difficult cases) 12 marks.

B. Quan titative Analysis.

Single substances 10 to '20 marks.A complete analysis 20 to 80 marks.

Mineral waters 100 to 200 marks,

H. Assaying Laboratory.

For n working day of 1:2 hours 8 rnarks, Everyincomplete day will be reckoried as a whole one,

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Cer tlflcates,Bergakademikers of at least onc year's standing

who are desirous of presenting themselves for an En­gi neer Exarnination will be afforded an opportunity ofdoing so, in conformity with special regulations. Accor­ding to the same regulations students can obtain cer­tificates of capacity in particular subjects.

10.

Tbc cellectleus und otber aids to stndy,The extensive and superior collections and aids

to study of the School 01' Mines, whioh are employedby the Professors for the leotures and demcnstrations,and by the students according to their special raquire­ments, are:

1) 'I'he Library of about 10,000 volumes, togetherwith a reading-room.

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Besides the library of the School of Mines,that of the Royal Oberbergamt is accessible tothe Professors and students.

2) The collection of ab out 500 models, und dia­grams illustrating matters connected with mi­ning, ore dressiug, smelting, machine and buil­ding construction.

3) The collection of Physical Apparatus.4) The chemical laboratories.fJ) The assaying laboratory.G) The mineral collection.7) The geological col1ection.8) The palaeontological collection.9) The lithological collcction.

10) 'I'he metallurgical collection.11) Tlie collection of instruments for mining surveying,12) The collection of surveying instruments.The institution provides that, besides the opportu­

nity for improvement afforded by the lectures and de­monstrations, one day in each week shall be devotedto visiting the numerous mining, smelting and O1'e dres­sing works in the neighbourhood of Clausthal.

On this day the excursions arranged by the respec­tive Professors generally take place. (v, §. 7)

Special Progl'anllneof the

Lectures alld DeIllonstratiollS.

All the courses begin and are completed in each year.

I. Mathematics.l. Geometry.

Oberbergamtsmarkscheider B rat h u h n, 4 hours weekly.

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Plano and solid geometry, plane an dspherical Tri­gonometry. Accoreling to the text-bocke of Wittstein,and Aschenboru.

2. Algebra and lhmlysis.Professor Pr e d i ger, 4 hours weekly.

According to the text-book of Orelli.In this course the elements of Algebra are only

briefly treatecl, so thnt the higher brauelies may bemore thoroughly and fully dealt with,

3. Anulytical Plane Geomctrv.. .Professor Pr e d i ger, 2 hours weekly.

According to the text-hook of the present Professor.

4. l\nalytical Solid Geomctry.Professor Pr e d i ger, 2 hours weeldy.

Accorc1ing to the text-book of O. Pr e d i ger.

5. Dcscriptive Geornetry.Professor Predige r, 2 hours weekly.

6. Differential- and Integral Ualenlus.Professor Prediger, 2 hours weekly.

According to the text-book of Navier and Wittstein,

7. SurveyiugProfessor Prediger.

a. First course. 2 ho urs weekly.

According to the text-book of Hunaeus.

On the instruments employed for the indication ofpoints and lines and for the measurement and markingof angles in the field. - Levelling instruments. - Te­sting and correcting the above. - Theory of horizontal

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-measurement. - The surveying of small surfaces by an­gular measurement. - The operations with the Theodo­'Iite and Compass. - The surveying of large extents inwhich the curvature of the earth may be neglected.­Determination of the meridian, - Triangulation. - TheProblems of Pothenot and Hansen, - Theory of verticalmeasurements and the different methods of levelling.

In the summer-term G ho urs weekly are devoted topractical surveying.

b. Second Course, 2 hours weekly.

This time is devoted to the plotting from the dataobtained during the practical exercises of the preceding­ierm; as weH as to the explanation of the instrumentsemployed for this purpose.

11. Experimental Physics.Professor O. Hoppe, 4 hours weekly,

According to the text books of Wüllner, Jochmann.and Beetz.

The importauf physical laws are experimentallyand mathematically explained and illustrated.

Introdur-tory, Short notice of the chief laws ofmechanics. 'I'heory of wave motion. Acouetics. Light.Beat. Electricity and Magnetism.

11J. Chemistry.I. Experimental-Chemistry.

Professor Dr. H amp e, 4 hours weekly.

Text book Rammelsberg.

With the help of properly selected experiments the-student is iutrcduced to the empirical part of inorganicchemistry, and is made familiar with the chief proper··iies and preparation of the most important elements and-their compounds.

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2. Theoretical Chemistt·y.Professor Dr. Ha m pe, 1 hour weekly.

This course affords a complete representation of thevarious chemical theories: it aims at imparting to thestudent not only a thorough familiarity with the rulesand laws of the chemical action of bcdies, but also thenieans of forming an inelependent opinion regarding thevalue of particular theories. The course ' embraces thefollowing heads : Introeluctory. Matter and Weight.Molecular and Atomic Weights. Molecular and atomicAttraction. Molscular and atomic Volume. 'I'he Natureof the Chemical Elements as a funotion of their ato­mic weight.

3. Chemieal Technoiogy.Dr. Wunderlich, 2 hours wcekly.

According to the text-book of Wagner.'I'his course gives the studentsan insight into the

manufacture of such articles as belong to the provinceof inorganic chemistry. Subjects of special importanceto miners and metallurgists are treated with particularcompleteness, After brief historical and statistical no­tices, comes a thorough discussion of the chemical prin­ciples, on which the processes are baseel, tben a de­scription of the apparatus employed, that of the processof manufacture and a critical examination of the diffe­rent methods available.

4. Practieal work in the chemicallabol'atory.

A. Qualitative Analysis.Professor Dr. Ha m p e, a lecture of one hour weekly.

The practical part incluc1esa. a course of 4 hours weekly,b. a daily course from 8-1~ and from 2-1.

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Only students who have alrcady studied experimen-:tal chemistry, can he admitted to the practical work,

B. Quantitative Analysis.

Professor Dr. Hampe with tbe help of an assistant,

According to tbe text-bcok of Fresenius,The luboratory is open daily from 8-12 and from

2-4. The stuelents begin the work in quantitative ana­lysis after they have completeel that in qualitative.

O. Volumetrie Analysis.

Professor Dr. Hampe, 2 hours weekly.Handbock recommeuded : that of Mohr.

IV. Mineralogy and Geology..1. lUinm·alogy.

Bergrath Dr. von Groeldeck, 4 ho urs weekly.

Text-books recommended : those of Groth and Nau­maun, Special atteution is paid to those minernls whichare most important to tbe practical miner and geologist­Following the text-book of Gro th, crystallography willbe treated in relation to the phyaical prcp erties of mi­nerals, A rich collection of crystallographic models andinstrumeuts is used as an aid to study. In speciallyappointed hours practical exercices in the determinationof' crystals and orystallogrnphio models will be arranged.In descriptive mineralogy the characteristics of the mi­neral species will be given in condensed abstract follow-:ed by the description of their geological occurrence.

During the lectures students are allowed to handle'chal'acteristic, selected specimens from a special c01leo­tion. Every Sunday morning from 11 till 1, the large'mineral collection is opened, in which further instruction.is given.

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2. Praetical llIineI'alogy.Bergrath Dr. von Grodc1eck, two hours wcekly.

The detsrminatiou of miuerals is performed by the-simplest me ans, and tho students are exercised in the .rapid and sure observation of the most important mine­ralogical characteristice. The observation of morpholo­.gical aud physical pr operties, angle measurements withthe common goniometer, cleavaae, hardness, lustre, co­lour, streak, etc, is followed, when necessary, by testing'with acids and the blowpipe, Special attsntion will bepaid to the determiuation of ores and other useful mi­nerals especially in compact mnsses,

.. 3. Palaeentolegy.Bergrath Dr, von Groc1deck, 2 hours weekly.

The course aims at imparting a systematic acquaint­.ance with tbe chief cbaracteristic forms (auimals andplante) of the geological ages. In the course of thelectures reference will be marle to the illustrations in-the Elemente der Geologie" of Dr. H. Credner and in

"-the Lethaea Geoguostica (The "Lcthaea Geognostica" aswell as a good collection of fossils is always accessible-to the students at the roon:s of the "Maja" scientificsociety). Dnring tho lectures a detailed description ofthe selected fossile will le given. A special collection:is accessible to the students. In hours specially appcint­. ed the characteriatic forms will be demonstrated in thefoasilcollection of the iustitution.

4, Geology.Bergrath Dr. von Groddeck, 2 hours weekly.

Text-book recommended: that of Creduer.

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The course will be illustrated by diagrams, rockspecimens, fossile and geological maps, Special attentionwill be paid to tbe numerous higbly interesting geologicalsections in the neighbourhood of Clausthal,

5. Praetieal Geology.Bergrath Dr, v . Groddeck, in specially appointed hours.

The practical geology consists partly in the deter­minatiou of rocks and fossils in the collections and partlyin geological excursions. The determination of rocksand fossils is usually performed in the summer term incertain hours of the practical rnineralogy.

On suitable days exeursions will be made in theenvirons of Olausthal, In these excursions the studentsreceive instruction in the preparation of geological maps.In mining and metallurgical excursions to the more dis­tant districts the gcological peculiarities will be pointeclout as fully as possible,

6. Tbe Stndy of lUineral Ilepuslts,Bergrath Dr. von Gr o d d e ck, 1 hour weekly.

According to the Professor's own text book.The course is to be regarded as a supplement tu

those Oll Mineralogy, Geology and Mining.The form and dimensions of mineral deposits, their

relation to the country rock and the nature of theircontents are first treated in a general way, after whiohthe clearest possible picture of many local formt! ispresented in a systematic order; the occurrence of coalrsalts, ores and other useful minerals and rocks beingthus considered. A rich collection of maps and plansof mines serve to illustrate the course.

The theory of the origin of mineral deposits isfully treated,

Mining excursions are made with the students withthe object of inciting them to personal observation.

V. Mechanics, MachineDrawing. Machine Con­

struction, Applied Mechanicsand Building Construction.

1. lUechanics.Professor O. Hoppe, 4 honrs weekly,

Text-book recommended, that of Ritter.a, Introductory. b. Mochanies of a point,c. Mechanics of solid bodies. d, Mechanics of

liquids and gases.

2. lUachine Ilrawing.Maschiueninspector Meinicke, 2 hours weekly.

The aim of this course is to enahle students to under­stand drawings of machinery and to make drawings ofsuch ma.chines, of whiclr.the details are given. For thosestudents who are inexperienccd in machine drawing, theinstruction begins with the drawing of the siruplestparts of machines, according to tho Formulae, Tables,and Diagrams of Grove j corresponding models beingshown at the same time. Subsequently the details of la1'-'ger machines, giving the dimensions of the different parts,are sketohed from diagrams, arid then from these sketch­es, with the aid of corresponding models, complete draw­ings of the entire machine are made,

3. ~Iachine COllstruction.Professor O. Hop p e, 4 hours weekly.

Text-books recommended: those of Grove; Redten­bacher, and Reuleaux In this course the students are

. expected to acquire the fullest possible aoquaintancewith the elements employed in the construction of ma­chines, so that they may be able not only to sketchthem correctly, but also to caloulate and design them.

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4. Apillied Mechanics.Professor O. Ho pp e, 4 hours weekly.

Text- books recommendcd: those of Bernoulli, Zeuner,Rec1tenbacber, Bauer, Hiihlmann anc1 Reuleux.

All machines of special intersst to miners and me­tallurgists will be treatec1 as fuUy as time permits, sothat the student is enabled not only to understallclthem, but to design them himself', The History of ma­chines will be occasionally introrluced. Much importancewill be given to the execution of simple und instructivefreehanclsketches during the lectures. Time i s saved,and the stuc1ents are enabled to complete their notebooks by the employment of large and distinct diagrams.

Instructive modele, capable of beiug taken to piecesare shown eluring the lectures. Above an, opportunitywill be given to the students of mastering those matters,which can be only imperfectly dealt with in the Iecturesby rneans of frequent excursions to the miues, dressingfloors, aud smeltiug works, in the immec1iate ueighbourhoodof Claustha1.

5. lUacbine Designing.Professor O. Hoppe, 4 hours weeldy.

The students are taught to design the elements ofmachines and complete machines.

6. Bulldlng Construction.Mnschineninspector Mei ni c k e, 2 hours weekly.

The students receive instruction in the practicalarrangement, c1esigning, and execution of the buildingsemployed.for rnines, smelting and salt works. The courseincludes:

a, Artificial foundations and the examination of theground and soil.

b. Carpentry..

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c. Masonry.c1. Roofing, - in wood, slate, tiles, Hags, compo-

sition, and metal.e. The usual fumace arid flue arrangements.

Tbe subject of building materials will 11e treatedunder euch of the above heads. Excursions will be madeto examine complete bulc1ings and those in the ccurse of

erecticn.

VI. Mining includingOre -dressing,

Bergassessor K ö h 1e r, Ei hours weekly.

Text-hooks recommeuded: those of Serlo, Gätzsch­mann, and Hittinger. Other books on special subjectswill be mentioned iu the course of the lectures.

The course will be illustrated by sketches on theblack board as wen as by drawings aud modele.

Introductory. Obj ect of the tbeory and practice ofmining. - Nature of practical mining.

I. Division.The oc curr ence of, und search for the

useful mineral s.

1. Head. The study o f s p e ci a l deposits.

Classification, Characteristics of mineral -dspositain brief abstract in reference to the special course onthis subject. .

2. Read. Costeaning and trial boring.

Surface investigation-of deposits by geological re­search, costeaning and boring.

2. Division.The exploita tion of useful minerals.

3. Head. Mining exploitation.

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General notions regarding practicability, tension ofthe reck, etc.

Applicability of tbe various metho ds of winning withspecial reference to the employment of machines. Prin­ciples of the employment of mining labour.

4. Head. Underground working. Exploratorywcrkin g s.

Modes of gaining access to subterraneous cavities.Stoping.

5. Head. Mea n s of securing exeavations.

General principles, Timberiug. MB sonry aud theamploymant of iron in levels and shafts. Tubbing inwoocl, stone, and iron. Boring of shafts. Sinking ofshafts. Construction of dams,

6. Head. Drainage a.n d Pnmping.

a. Drainage.b. Pumpiug. Disposition of pumping shafts. Pumps

and pumping engines.

7. Head. Ventilation.

Nature of the air. Natural and artificial ventilation.- Rulss for veutilation.

Illumination of workings. Life-saving apparatus.Explosions.

8. Head. Transp ort and Winding.

General principles, Tramming, Winding. Tram-ming above ground. Advantages of the various methods.Appendix. 'I'ravelling in tbe mins.

3. Ore-dt'essing.Object of ore - dressing. Metlieds and principles,

Repeated breakiug and separating. Sorting and classing.Dressing of coal. Description of the various manipulations,and of the machines and tlieir modes of working, illn­strated by instructive models and diagrams.

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The mutual conneotion of the various processes willbe shown in concrete examples, and the production at­tained will be given,

---------In relation to the details of the machinery employed

in mining and dressing, reference will be made to thelectures on Applied Mechanics and Machins Constrnction.

Excursions, Numerous excursions conducted by theProfessor will be made in the neighbouring mines anddressing floors. In tbe vacation other instructive miningdistricts will be visited.

VII+ Mine Surveying.Bergrath Bur ch ers, 4 hours weekly.

A. Theory of Mine Surveying.

Rudiments of mathematical geography and popularastronomy,

The various methcds of determiniug the meridian,Explanations and determinations regarding tbe positionof inclined lines and planes. Tlieory, testing, correctionand use of the instruments for mine surveying.

B. Practic al Divisio n,

Execution, noting and calculation of mining surveys.The variation of tbe compass. The different methods

of plotting.Practical exercises in the mines with chain, cornpass

and declinometer as weIl as with tbe employment ofthe newer instruments according to tbe bandbook of thepresent professor.

VIII. Metallurgy, Fuel, Blow­pipe Analysis and Assaying.

1. ~IetllHOI·gy.

The course will be illustrated by models and sketch-

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es on the blaek board. The students will also be af..forded opportnnities of observing the practieal executionof the principal smelting processes by means of nume­rous excursions to the most important Lead, Copper.Silver, and Iron Smelting Works in the neighbourhoodas well as by journeys in other mining and metallurgi­cal districts, personally conducted by the Professor.

A. General Division.Bergassessor Bi ewend, 2 hours weekly.

Text-bock reeommended: Kerl, "Grundriss der allgs­In einen Hüttenkunde". Introductory. Provinee, historyand literature of metallurgy, classification and nuxiliarysciences.

Head 1. Classification and properties of the metalsand their compounds of metallurgical importance.

Head II. Smelting materials: ore, fluxes, fuel.Head IU. Mechanical preparation of smelting ma­

terials: breaking, sorting, wasbing, dressing, weatbering,lixiviating, binding, sintering, eharging.

Heael IV. Metallurgical processes: Dry proeesses.Amalgamation processes. Wet processes.

Head V. Metallurgreal apparatus and the rnana­gement thereof: a. For dry processes: Furnaces, furnacetops and apparatus for waste gases and condensationof noxious vapo urs, Blowing engines, blast regulatorshot blast apparatus, blast pipes, nozzles, twyers, arrange­ments fOT cooling with water, ete. b For wet processes.

Head VI. Smelting works: their arrangement andrequirements.

Heael VIr. Metallurgical products.

ß. Special Division.Bergassessor Bi ew en d, 2 hours weekly in both terms.

Metallurgy of Lead, Copper, Silver, Gold, Zine, 'I'in,and the otber metals obtained by metallurgical processes.

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In eaeh ease the literature, history, statistics, physiealand chemical properties, and the technical use of themetal and its chief compounds will be treated. Afterelescribing the ores, their oeeurrence, eomposition ete.,the various processes of extraction will be thoroughlyanel critieally examinecl in succession,

The stuelents are required to Iearn not only to juelgeeach process for themselves, but to select in any givenease the process most suitable for the raw materialearid other special circumstances, also to design 01' con­struc t the neeessary plant.

C. IUetalhU'gy of 11'0)).

Bergassessor Bi ewe n d, 4 hours weekly in both terms.

'I'ext-books reeommenc1ed: those of Weeleling, Perey-Wedeling and Kerl. . ..

As in the preceding course, the students must havefirst attendec1 the course of General metallurgy. Sub­jects already treated in that course are consequentlyrarely dealt with in detail.

Introductory. Province, literature, bistory and sta­tistics of the metallurgy of iron.

Head I. The properfies of iron anel its metallur­gieally important compounds.

Head II, 11'011 ores.Head IH. Production of cast iron, a. Varieties and

properties of cast iron. Theories of its constitutionCast iron as an article of commerce. b, The meehani~cal preparation of iron orea. c. Fuel. d, Fluxes, influ­ence of the same on quality and quantity of product,e. The blast furnace. Its materials and construotion,Dimensions. Modiflcations. f. Management of the fur­nace. g. The blast. h. Fumace tops. i, Gas colleotorsand covers. k, Products of the blast furnace andtheir use.

Head IV. The foundry,

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Head V. Malleable iron. a. Survey of processesand products. b. Metlieds of malring wrought iron di­rectly from the ore. c, The production of malleable fromcast iron : the proc1uction of wrought iron in open­hearths, the process of puddling, the Bessemer process.d. Processes fOl: the productiou of steel.

Head VI. Refining of malleable iron. a, in the so­lid state. b. in ths fluid state: production of cast steel.

Head VII. Working of malleable iron. a. in thesolid state. Production of bars, rails, plates, wire, pipesetc, b. In the fluid stato, Casting.

Head VIII. Preserving and embellishing of mal­leable iron by plating, hardeuiug, polishing ctc.

2. Fnel.Bergassessor Biewend, 2 hours weekly.

Text-bocks: those of Dürre, Wagner, and Ferrini,Introductory. Definition and literatute.

Head I: Cumbustion.Ilcad Ir: Fuels.Head HI: Fumaco arrangernents.

3, Jllowpipe l\nalysis.Bergassessor Bi ew e n d, 2 hours weeldy.

Text-books: theose of Landauer, Plattner and Fuchs.

I. Ge u e ru l Division.

Object, Instory and literature. Theory of the blow­pipe flame. Apparatus and reagents. Practical exerci­ses in the use of the blowpipe.

Ir. Sp e ci a.l Di vision.

Lectures, combined with practical work. a. Qualita­tive rcsearches. 1'he reactions of the different elements.Determination of chemical preparations, minerals andmetallurgical proell1cts by meaus of the above reactions.b. Quantitative researches. . Determination of the per-

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oentägo of metal in ores and metallurgical productsof Lead, Copper. Gold, Silver, Nickel, Cobalt, Tin, Bis­muth 1>y meaus of the blowpipe,

4. Assaying.Bergassessor Bi e we n d, 4 hours weekly.

Text-bocke recommended: those of Balling and Kerl.The course is comhincd with practioal work, in which

the students perform the most important assays underthe elirection of the Professor.

Studellts desirous of acquiriug greater skill in prac­tical assaying have the opportunity of working outsidethe fixerl hours subject to a fixeel charge for reagentsetc. (See above )

I. General Division.

Introductory. History, literature and province ofAssaying. - a. Selection, preparation aud weighing ofthe sample. b. Dry tuethods. c, Wet methods. d. Vo~

lumetric Analysis. Colorimetric Assays.

Ir. Sp e ci nl Division.

Before the making of each assay, an explanationis given of the suitable processes, the method of. work­in er the chemical reactions involvecl aud the uoticeableph~sical conelitions and phenornena ; then follows a dis­cussion as to when tlie method can be employecl andits value. a. Quantitative estimation of the chief metalsand sulphur. b. Examinations of fuels. c Examination

of fnrnace gases.

IX. General Jurisprudence.Oberbergrath Engels, 2 hours weekly.

German Mining Law.

Oberbergrath Engels, 2 hours weekly.

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x. Political Economy, Oom­mercial Statistics andBusiness managemerrt.

1. Po l iti cn.l Economy.

Geheimer Bergrath Lahmeyer, 2 hours weekly.

H. Co mm erci.a l St a tis ti c s anel Businessmu na.g em en t.

Geheimer Bergrath La hm ey e r, 1 hour weekly.