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claims, toulmin terms, appeals, arguments
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NATASHA LUEPKE
Appeal, Claim, Argument
Agenda
AssignmentLooking AheadDiscussionAPA ReviewClaimsToulminCounterarguments
Assignment
[Text of Assignment]
Assignment Grade
[Text of rubric]
Looking Ahead
[Text of Assignment]
Discussion
[Text of question]
APA Review
General questions?
In Text
Direct quote: Author, copyright date, page or paragraph
number (Smith, 2009, p. 35).
Paraphrase: Author and copyright date (Smith, 2009).
Reference Page
ABC orderAuthor’s last name and first initialCopyright dateTitleURL or Publisher
Book
Graff, G., Birkenstein, C. (2006). They say I say: The moves that matter in academic writing. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company
Roy, A. (1997). The god of small things. New York, NY: Harper Collins.
Website with Author
Sheffner, B. (2010, February 9). “Born to sue: Bruce Springsteen’s lame effort to back out of a copyright lawsuit.” Retrieved from the Slate website: http://www.slate.com/id/2244164/
In text: “Contrary to Springsteen's protestations, ASCAP is
not freelancing here” (Sheffner, 2010, para. 6).According to Sheffner (2010)……According to an article on Slate (2010), ……
Website with No Author
“The Slate tech endorsements: Our favorite apps, games, and gizmos of the year.” (2009,
December 22). Retrieved from the Slate website: http://www.slate.com/id/2239556/
In text:“Can't afford the new Kindle? Manjoo suggests Amazon's
original e-reader, released in 2007, is still a good buy” (“The Slate Tech Endorsements,” 2009, para. 3).
According to “The Slate Tech Endorsements” (2009)…..
WHAT ARE CLAIMS?
Rogerian Strategies
Finding a middle groundA common ground to find a solutionPresent the problem
Present how it affects reader Present reader’s possible POV THEN present writer’s POV
Downplay emotion in favor of logic
What are Toulmin Terms?
A way to understand the basic principle of an argument
Developed by Stephen Toulmin in the 1950s, they are a way to analyze the arguments all around us (such as in ads)
Main Components
Claim What is the argument? The thesis? What is being
sold?
Support/Data Evidence and Examples
Warrant Underlying assumptions
A Visual Look at Toulmin
Warrants
Answer the unspoken audience question of, “How did you arrive at that claim based upon the data presented?”
The assumption underlying the argumentThe“Duh!” statement
Soukup, Charles, and Titsworth, Scott. The Toulmin Project Homepage. 1 May 1998. 5 Apr 2007. http://www.unl.edu/speech/comm109/Toulmin/index.htm
Example
Claim: You should buy our whitening toothpaste!
Support: Studies show that teeth are 50% whiter after you use this toothpaste!
Warrant: Duh, people want whiter teeth!
Aristotelian Logic
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Visual Media
What are the claims, supports, and warrants in the following images?
Questions?
References
Hsu, M. (2008, Sept.) “Heinz by Michelle Hsu.” Retrieved from Searching for rhetoric.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJkwFNPwsgQ/SOA9TufE_DI/AAAAAAAAATE/doAmoZmUAKc/s1600- h/without_heinz_tomato_ketchup_sauce_advertisement.jpg
“My readers write.” (2010, January 30). Retrieved from Dr. Grumpy in the house: http://drgrumpyinthehouse.blogspot.com/2010/01/my-
readers- write.html Soukup, Charles, and Titsworth, Scott. The Toulmin Project Homepage. 1
May 1998. 5 Apr 2007. http://www.unl.edu/speech/comm109/Toulmin/index.htm
“Unconventional ads.” (2008, Sept 6). Retrieved from Junior blogger: http://juniorblogger.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/jobs-in-town-washing- machine-ad.jpg
Wade, L. (2008, Oct 4). “Goldfish Crackers: Commodifying family togetherness.” Retrieved from Sociological images: http://contexts.org/socimages/2008/10/04/goldfish-crackers- commodifying-family-togetherness/