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Author: Warfreak Version: 0.6 Date Started: 28/09/10 NOTE: This Guide will Contain Spoilers. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED! REMEMBER, IF YOU LIKE THIS GUIDE, RECOMMEND IT TO OTHER USERS USING THE LINK

ABOVE! *('@')~~~~~~Watch In Awe, Watch In Awe, Aeria Gloris, Aeria Gloris~~~~~~('@')* Use Ctrl+F to quickly navigate this guide. Table of Contents 1 Introduction [1.01] Introduction [1.02] Version History [1.03] Steam 2 Civ V, [2.01] [2.02] [2.03] [2.04] [2.05] [2.06] 3 The 18 [3.01] [3.02] [3.03] [3.04] [3.05] [3.06] [3.07] [3.08] [3.09] [3.10] [3.11] [3.12] [3.13] [3.14] [3.15] [3.16] [3.17] [3.18] Basics Game Intro Wealth, Culture and Happiness Great People Combat Cities and Growth Victory Civilizations Arabia Aztecs China Egypt England France Germany Greece India Iroquois Japan Ottoman Persia Rome Russia Siam Songhai United States

The DLC Nations [3.19] Babylon [3.20] Mongolia [3.21] Spain [3.22] Inca [3.23] Polynesia 4 City-States [4.01] City States Intro [4.02] Cultural City States [4.03] Militaristic City States [4.04] Maritime City States [4.05] City State Missions 5 Environment [5.01] Terrain Tiles and Features [5.02] Natural Wonders [5.03] Resources 6 Technology

[6.01] [6.02] [6.03] [6.04] [6.05] [6.06] [6.07] [6.08]

Ancient Era Classical Era Medieval Era Renaissance Era Industrial Era Modern Era Future Era Tech Map

7 Buildings, Improvements and Projects [7.01] Improvements [7.02] Buildings [7.03] Wonders [7.04] Projects 8 Units and Promotions [8.01] Ancient Era [8.02] Classical Era [8.03] Medieval Era [8.04] Renaissance Era [8.05] Industrial Era [8.06] Modern Era [8.07] Future Era [8.08] Promotions 9 Social [9.01] [9.02] [9.03] [9.04] [9.05] [9.06] [9.07] [9.08] [9.09] [9.10] [9.11] [A] [B] [C] [D] Policy Social Policies Tradition Liberty Honor Piety Patronage Commerce Rationalism Freedom Order Autocracy

Contact Information Credits Webmaster Information Copyright Notice

*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Now, Let the Guide Begin~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [1.01] Introduction If you stand back enough, you will be able to recognise the V as the same V behind the name of the game. Anyway this is my guide, number 63 actually, and I will probably support all the Civ 5 games, so future expansion packs, just like my coverage on Civ 4. Basically, this game is a lot different, so first things first, cover the differences. First off, I know there is going to be a lot of copy pasta from the Civilopedia from the game, however, given how clunky I find it now, and how it is more annoying to use, it will be put here, and besides, you might want to get some context on why some leaders are so, well, out there. And for anyone curious to my game edition, it's the lovely Special Edition or the Collectors edition. Who can resist metal figurines of archers and a metallic death robot?

For those that care, my Steam ID is antisniperwarfreak, and more or less, I'm using Steam to either play this, Total War, L4D2, or TF2. Although being based down under, lag will get most of you. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [1.02] Version History Version 0.0 [29/9/10] Template done, started on the guide proper. Version 0.1 [4/10/10] Guide is way too big for starters, might have to remove history, but Chapter 2 and 3 are done. Version 0.2 [12/10/10] Well, City States are done. Version 0.3 [27/03/11] Update on the DLC stuff. Planning to get this one done, when I have time. Version 0.4 [10/04/11] Finished the Environment section, half of technology done. Version 0.5 [11/04/11] Update on goody huts, all of tech done. Version 0.6 [26/04/11] Marathon Update, the guide is now complete. Enjoy. I might update when new patches come out, or DLC, but that is in the future. Otherwise, enjoy. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [1.03] Steam This is a copy and paste on how to use Steam in an offline capacity for those that are interested. I've stolen this from my Empire: Total War guide, and I don't think any of this has changed, and I don't use Steam in an offline capacity any more, thanks to my new wireless connection, so my PC isn't in it's offline mode anymore. And a few pieces are editted, cause well, this isn't Total War. Install the game, but you need the Net first. Steam will prompt you to put in the serial code, and if need be, create an account if you don't already have one. It will install the game, and it will take some time. Go do some homework or something, cause you won't have time to when this is done. When it is done, adjust your settings. Now, if you want to play and you don't have the internet access all the time, such as dial-up users, access Steam and use the My Games tab. Let the game be updated via Steam, and wait until it gives the 100% Ready sign. Then, you can launch the game. Quit, making sure it works, and head to settings, making sure that the "Don't Save Account Credentials" Button IS NOT ticked. Now, you can go offline, or when you next use Steam and you are offline, Steam will access your offline account and Empire: Total War, since it is 100% Ready, will be able to be played offline. This is a quick summary of this link

https://support.steampowered.com/kb_article.php?ref=3160-AGCB-2555 So if you are still lost, read there. This part is necessary just to make sure no one has problems with Steam, and everyone can play it. However, there will be problem using Steam. Given that you need it to be at the 100% ready sign to play, the latest patches, which amount to a nice total of about 500mb, you will be downloading for a long time if you are using a dial-up connection, and still it will take hours on a decent ADSL/ Cable line. Also, the download speed will vary, given the time on the day, the speed of your connection, the speed of the servers, the amount of users, etc, so it will take some time. This can cause some problems. Therefore, if you wish to avoid updates, I suggest you always start in offline mode, otherwise, you will be here for a while. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.01] Game Intro There are many differences between this game and Civ 4. As someone who has played pretty much every single Civ game since Colonization and Civilization, which were released all that long time ago on DOS, there has been a lot of differences, but let us start small. - Hex Tiles Yes, the square tiles are gone, the diagonal tiles are in the dustcans of history, they are replaced with hex tiles, and although it might be a bit of a shock, they look horribly nice. They are very well done, and old civ players really wouldn't notice too much of a difference. - Cities can Bombard and Defend Yes, that is right, cities can now bombard enemies that come within 2 tiles of the city. That means, get too close, and watch the city rain projectiles on you. Therefore, there cannot be a rush early in the game, because they can just attack enemies that decide to get too close. This makes them very strategic as well in terms of placement, they can be used as offensive weapons as well, and they are very useful overlooking a chokepoint or bottleneck. - Leadership Traits The way each leader is arranged is different. There are 18 civilisations, and each have a single leader. There are no more dual leaders, which is a bit of a shame, but that makes thing a little more tolerable. Each civilisation has a specific power, the Americans have the Manifest Destiny, whereas the Chinese will have the Art of War, something that is related to each of them. Each civilisation will have 2 unique features that are specific to them, besides their power. They will either have 1 unique building and 1 unique unit, or they will hav 2 unique units. For example, the Americans will have the Minuteman and the B17 as their unique units, whilst the Chinese will have the Chu-No-Ku as their unique unit and the Paper Maker as their unique building. - Religion -

What was introduced in Civ 4, the concept of religion, has been removed. This was done mainly because it wasn't very effectively implemented, but it has been removed. - Civics Yes, Civics have pretty much been redone completely. This means that you don't get to choose a government system when it is time to do so, however, you will be picking civics or rather, social policies. This is where you accumulate culture points from your cities, and from here, you will be able to pick new policies from that. This is talked about heavily in the manual, and I'll jibber a bit more about it later. - Technology Whilst the tech tree is still there, ready to be pruned, tech trading has been changed. No longer can you just trade technology back and forth like some sort of commodity, rather, technology is traded in the form of agreements, where you and another party will basically create a research pact, and that, although costing money, will lead to a joint venuture to create new tech. And the biggest change is, no more Leonard Nemoy. - Stacks No more stacks. Stacks of units are now gone, banished, erased. No more can you send a stack of 50000 armoured units into a city and watch them pulverise the enemy defences. One hex tile can only hold a civilian unit, such as a settler or worker, and a military unit, such as a warrior or catapult, no more. Of course, you can move past them, but you cannot now have stacks. That concludes most of the major changes, now we will go into depth about the smaller changes and the overall scope of the game. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.02] Wealth, Culture and Happiness There are three things that you need to keep an eye on, you want to keep an eye on your wealth, or gold, your culture levels, and overall happiness. - Happiness Happiness is now global. Previously, it was on a city level, so your goal was to make each city happy. This has how been changed, it is measured in terms of overall happiness. If your empire is unhappy, then your empire won't grow in terms of city growth. If your empire is extremely unhappy, then your army will suffer, they will get combat penalties. Happiness is effected mainly by population. The more people in your cities, the more unhappiness that will be there. Another is that as the number of cities grow, so does unhappiness. And finally, annexed cities that you have conquered from your enemies, they will be unhappy. To improve happiness, there are many things. Wonders and buildings are the main ways to improve happiness, as well as luxury resources and the discovery

of natural wonders. - Culture Culture is used for two things. Culture is used in your cities to expand your borders, so it is in your interest to build culture up to get new tiles for your cities, and by extension, your empire. The second thing culture is used for is that whilst your cities generate culture, all these points are tallied up and you can spend them on social policies, which is discussed in depth later. There are several ways to get culture. The first, your starting city and the palace within, will generate culture. The next method is to build up culture producing buildings in your cities. As time grows and your technology builds up, buildings produce more culture. Wonders are also the way to go, next to all wonders will produce culture as a result. Social policies, that are the result of culture spending, will boost culture production, and even from wonders. There are specialists in cities, which will use up a citizen in your cities for culture production. You can also use Great Artists to build Landmarks to generate more culture. And finally, there are city states, which can be partnered to gain culture. - Wealth Finally, money can by everything. Money is generated from your cities, or from Great Merchants, trade routes, conquering enemies and city states. There are many ways to earn gold, but there are even more ways to spend it. A good deal of your money will be spent on regular maintenence, both of buildings and roads/railroads, as well as upkeep for your military units. But when you have a surplus from that, you can spend it in a variety of ways. You can spend your money buying tiles in your cities, buying buildings, upgrading your older units, and a lot of other things, that you can always figure out in game. One thing to learn are trade routes. These are basically trading routes between your cities. To have a trade route, cities need to be connected to the capital to trade, by either roads or railroads. The interesting thing here is that if a city has a trade route with a capital, then it can form an instant trade route with cities over water with a harbour. For example, if you have a coastal city, that is connected with your capital city via a road/railroad connection, that coastal city will have a trade route. That coastal city can give all other coastal cities under your control an instant trade route if both have harbours. Just a neat little trick. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.03] Great People Great People are people who have made significant contributions to humanity during their time on Earth. There are 5 different types of Great People, there are great Artists, such as Mozart, Beethoven and Shakespeare who have influenced the world with their artistic creations. Then there are Great Generals, who have lead their men into battle, such as Robert E. Lee, Lord

Nelson and Rommel. You also have Great Engineers, who have influenced the world with their buildings and architecture, including Alexander Graham Bell, Nicholas Tesla and Leonardo da Vinci. Next to join the ranks are Great Scientists, whose discoveries have aided mankind for eons to come, including Ptolemy, Aristotle, Copernicus, Newton, Kepler, Galileo and many others. And finally, there are Great Merchants, who have lead the way in the world of commerce, including Columbus, Magellan, Coco Chanel, Adam Smith and Marco Polo. - Generating Great People Great People are mainly generated from cities. Each city will, with the proper buildings or Wonders, will generate great person points. It is mainly done through specialists; engineers, artists, merchants and engineers in the cities will generate wealth, culture, as well as great person points for their respective profession. There are 4 different meters as such. So great person points generated in cities will be for a specific specialist, so Great Engineer points will not conflict with Great Merchant points, and so forth. You can boost Great Person production points with wonders. The Hagia Sophia, for example, will boost the generation of these points by 33%. For Great Generals, it is different. Points for Great Generals are gained from battle, as you can guess, so the more units you defeat, the more points you gain, since points are directly related to EXP points from battle. - Golden Ages A Great Person can be used to foster a Golden Age. A Golden Age is basically a period of time where civilization has increased it's knowledge about the world, and their surroudings, at an astounding rate. Think of the time period such as Rome under the leadership of Caesar and Augustus, the Renaissance in Italy, the development during the reign of Napoleon. In Civ 5, a golden age is a time where advancements in where every tile that generates coins, will produce an tiles that produce production hammers will generate an lasts depending on how it is generated. A Great Person the Golden Age will last longer if it was generated by knowledge is mimicked, extra coin, whereas extra hammer. This can lead the way, but excess happiness.

As of the latest patch, a Golden Age will result in 20% extra production from a city, rather than 1 hammer per tile. - Using Great People A Great Person can be used to generate Golden Ages, and these can be powerful in short bursts, this can push you far ahead in the game, where you are producing more, and gaining more money. But otherwise, a Great Person has two other options, they can be used generate a special improvement, and they can use their special ability.

- Great Artist - Landmark Improvement - Culture Bomb Ability The Great Artist can leave their mark in history with the Landmark, where a tile can be used to generate 5 culture points if it is worked on. This is useful for new cities, where culture generation is quite important early on in the game. The Culture Bomb ability is quite useful, where the tile that the artist is standing on, as well as the 6 surrounding hex tiles, will be converted to your empire. This includes foreign land, where they will be turned to your empire. Although they cannot be used to convert cities, it is a useful tactic to culture bomb an enemy city, to convert their best food or production tiles to your empire, and even though you can't use it, you can deny it's use to the enemy. There are no limits to how many times a tile can be culture bombed, but it would not be seen a friendly act. - Great Engineer - Manufactory - Hurry Production Ability The Great Engineer can be used to build a Manufactory tile, which is basically a tile improvement that generates 3 production hammers when it is worked, which makes it quite useful for a city that is used as a production base. The Hurry Production ability is used such that the Engineer will speed the production of whatever is being built. Most of the time, the building, Wonder or unit will be instantly completed, but for the Wonders late in the game, it will be less immediate production, but more of a big boost in production hammers. This is really useful to quickly speed up Wonder production, to beat the enemy so they cannot get that wonder. - Great General - Citadel - Combat Bonus Ability The Great General is made to generate the Citadel, which is useful when it is in your lands. When the Citadel is on land that you control, the Citadel will deal damage to all units next to it that isn't friendly. But if it were to change hands, it will be under the control of the new owner. Combat Bonus is basically where all friendly units within 2 tiles of the General gets a boost to their combat abilities, regardless of their combat type. That applies to both offensive and defensive combat, it doesn't matter,

they just fight better. Genghis Khan is the unique unit for the Mongolian DLC country, and he is only different in that he provides a better combat buff to surrounding units, and that he has much better movement, up to 5. - Great Merchant - Customs House - Trade Mission Ability The Great Merchant can build the Customs House, which will generate 4 gold per turn when it is worked. That makes it very useful for a city that is based off gold production, and that also ends up very nice for your empire, given the infinite amount of uses gold has. The Trade Mission is an ability that is basically a trading mission. Send the Great Merchant to the city of a City State, and they will launch a trade mission, which will end up generating a lot of gold for your empire, as well as improving relations between your empire and the city-state. - Great Scientist - Academy - Learn New Technology Ability The Academy is an improvement that will boost the amount of science that is generated. When an academy tile is worked, it will generate 5 science points for your scientific endeavours. This is useful early on, where tech costs a lot less, it is less relevant in the modern age where tech is quite expensive to research. The Learn New Technology ability is probably one of the most powerful abilities that you can get. It will pretty much instantly research a new technology for you, and it can be any technolgy that you can research at the current point in time, it doesn't have to be the tech that you are researching right now. The Great Scientist is quite balanced, early on, the Academy is one of the best choices, but later on in the game, their ability is far more useful. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.04] Combat Combat is quite simple, move a unit from one tile to another. The two units fight, and the winner wins. Quite simple. Well, early on in the game, where units are rather basic, it is quite easy. You need to know that terrain will impact on how you fight, terrain such as hills and forest are good places for your forces to fight, given that they can hide from the enemy, but places such as the roaming deserts and marshes are places where you get negative combat effects, since your forces are bogged down, making easy targets.

Later on in the game, units can be upgraded, and some of these will use some strategic resources. These resources must be kept and maintained, but lets say you have 4 iron, and 4 swordsman that use iron. If you lose control of 2 iron, your swordsman will get negative effects, since you do not have sufficient materials to supply them. It is at this point, where combat will split off into different branches. - City Combat Fighting cities is harder in this game. To attack and conquer a city, you need to reduce the health of the city down to zero. Think of this as a militia, a city will be able to attack all units within 2 tiles of the city, causing moderate damage. This militia in the city will needed to be tamed, to zero health, before you can send a unit to capture the city. This makes conquering a city a team effort. You can either use siege units to bomb the city into submission, and then capture it, or just use the strength in numbers to conquer the city. - Ranged Combat Ranged combat is more interesting, where you can get units such as archers attack from a range. They are quite devastating when used in groups, they should be used in pairs or trios, with a melee unit to protect the archers from the enemy. Archers however, are quite weak when they are engaged in melee combat, and they will be literally slaughtered if they face overwhelming melee attacks. - Siege Combat Related to city combat, a siege unit can be used to fight both enemies and cities alike. A siege unit, such as a catapult, must take one movement point to set up their weaponry, and then they can be used to wipe out enemies and reduce the health of cities. Siege units are what you need to use to attack cities. Given that cities can attack, and do quite a fair amount of damage to melee units, it is best to use siege units that literally wipe the floor of a city's health, before sending in a melee unit to capture the city. - Mounted Combat Mounted combat is basically where you stick a guy on a horse and tell the guy to fight. Mounted units are powerful before they have higher movement or mobility, where they have double the amount of movement points of a normal ground unit. They also have an attacking bonus, you do not want to be a poor guy on the ground facing a knight. The combination of high attack power and high movement are useful to remove ranged units, where your melee units gang up on enemy melees. However, mounted units are weak against lancers, so you really want to be careful, but given that melee units are strong against lancers, you need to be able to balance your army.

- Naval Combat Naval combat is interesting in that you can use your ships for ship to ship combat, but primarily, your navy is used to bombard enemy cities and units into submission. Later on in the game, where you can roam the seven seas with your navy, units such as submarines and missile cruisers change the game. From that point, a navy is used as a powerful support platform, they can use guided missiles to bombard enemies, air units to have naval aviation power, and submarines, to sneak attack and sink enemy naval units. - Air Combat Air superiority is one thing that you always want in this game. You have three types of units. You have your bombers, which are used to bomb the crap out of units and cities. They do heavy damage to ground/naval units as well as cities. The second type of unit are fighters, which are used to bait out enemy fighters, and destroy them, clearing a path for your bombers. Bombers aren't that good with fighters, but your own fighters/interceptors are. Finally, there are gunships, which don't fight enemy fighters per se, but they are useful that they don't need to be based in a city's airfield to use, and they are quite powerful against ground targets, and cities. - Missile Combat Missiles are quite fun to use. There are two types of missile, your normal guided missiles, which are useful to eliminate normal units without to much drama, and they are quite cheap and easy to build. The second type of missile are nuclear missiles, which can do a huge amount of damage, as you would expect from a nuke, but expect some diplomatic backlash from other civilizations, but then again, if they get a little antsy about it, fire a few nukes at them. But in order to access nukes, you need the Manhattan Project to be researched first, either by yourself or another civilization, it doesn't matter which. And then some uranium. And then, nuclear strikes! *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.05] Cities and Growth Cities are the mainstay of your civilizations, without your cities, you have will nothing to play with. Your cities are build by settlers, with the surrounding lands built up by workers. And from there, the sky is the limit. To build a city, you need more people, or a higher population, in your cities. For that, you need 2 food per citizen. With your current citizens fed, the excess food is stored, and when it reaches a certain limit, you will get a new citizen, and the process continues until you reach a point where you can't support more people. With citizens, you can let the game assign them per a certain playstyle, so the game defaults with a balanced city, or you can order your city to focus on something, be it gold generation, food generation, science generation, etc.

Or you can manually assign your citizens to do whatever you want them to do, and optimize your cities that way. With your population growing, you can build structures and Wonders in your cities to make them even more productive. Since each Wonder and building has their benefits, as well as disadvantages, it is up to you what you want to concentrate on. After all, all the time you are building that Wonder, you cannot build units to fight battles, and so forth. When you have research the necessary technology, you will be able to build roads, and later on, railroads. With these roads, connecting them to your captital city will spawn a trade route, which generates gold. And these are useful for your military, since they can move across the terrain faster on roads, compared to normal tiles. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [2.06] Victory There are 5 ways to win in this game. You can win through Domination, Science/Spaceship, Diplomatic, Cultural and Default. Domination is basically where you are the last standing player with control of your original capital city. Basically, last person standing with control of their first city, will be the winner. It is regardless of what actually has been done, it just takes into account the last man standing. So if you have conquered 15 other capital cities, and the last enemy manages to sneak in and take your capital, then they will win. There are ways to circumvent this though. If you set it that you do not automatically lose when you lose your capital, your capital will be replaced, and although you cannot continue your domination, you can recapture your capital and then go back to the fight. So if you are the unlucky guy who loses their capital straight away, you can still win domination games, you just need recapture your capital. The second type is the spaceship victory. That means building up the necessary technology to build the spaceship parts, and then building them, move them to your capital city, and then launch off into space. This is difficult, since it can only be achieved late in the game, and you need to move your spaceship parts to the capital if they aren't built in the capital, and they can be destroyed en route, so make sure they are protected. The third type of victory will be a cultural victory. Basically, the first person to have fully researched 5 different social policy branches will win a cultural victory, and this will take time, since it does take a fair amount of time to build up all that culture to win. Then you need to build the Utopia Project to win the game. The fourth type of victory is diplomatic. Basically, you build the United Nations, and every few turns, there is a vote, and basically, you need the majority of the votes to win. In order to get the votes, you need a mix of combat and diplomacy. You need to own the city-states, such that they are allied with you, and that will have them vote for you. Since enemy civilizations will always vote for themselves, you can fight them, defeat them, and liberate them, and although they will return as a civ in their own right, they will always vote for you. Finally, there is the 2050 victory, basically, whoever has the highest

score will win. Score is determined by a variety of things, such as tiles that you control, cities, population in the cities, techs, future tech researched and the number of Wonders. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [3.01] Arabia Leader - Harun al-Rashid

Unique Unit 1 - Camel Archers, replaces Knights Unique Unit 2 - None Unique Building - Bazaar, replaces Markets Civilization Power TRADE CARAVANS - +2 Gold per Trade Route ~ History "The Muslim Empire of the Caliphate - also known as the Islamic Empire or the Arab kingdom - came into existence after the Prophet Mohammed's death in 632 AD, created by Mohammed's disciples as a continuation of the political authority he established. During its long existence the Caliphate would grow to enormous size and power, dominating Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, Anatolia, the Balkans and Persia, ruling an empire that at least rivaled that of the Romans at the height of their power. The Arab Empire began in Medina, on the Arabian Peninsula, in what is now known as Saudi Arabia. The interior is generally inhospitable desert barren, sandy and hot with summer temperatures reaching as high as 130 degrees F. Medina and Mecca occupy the more fertile coastal regions along the Red Sea. The Umayyads were a merchant family based in Mecca. They had converted to Islam in 627, becoming prominent supporters of Mohammed and his successors. The early Umayyad caliphs were based in Damascus, Syria, and the Syrian army formed the backbone of the Arab military forces. The Umayyads expanded Arabian power east, building outposts and sending expeditions into Central Asia and northwestern India. In addition the Umayyads launched the invasion of North Africa. In the 7th century they constructed a Mediterranean fleet with which they launched a series of unsuccessful raids against Christian Constantinople. The Umayyad Caliphate reached its zenith under the reign of Abd al-Malik (reigned 685-705). In the west, Abd's armies overran much of Spain, while in the east the Caliphate invaded Sind in India and conquered Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezm, and many more places too hard to spell. al-Malik also oversaw a reorganization of the Caliphate's bureaucracy, economy, and the institution of a post service. During his reign the arts flourished, particularly architecture. The empire suffered a decline after Abd al-Malik's death. A series of mediocre caliphs combined with economic troubles and military reverses in the east and west fueled tribal rivalries within the Caliphate, and in 750 the Umayyads were defeated and overthrown at the Battle of the Great Zab River.

The Umayyads were defeated by the Abbasids, another powerful family. The first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas, was a ruthless leader who upon achieving power immediately set about exterminating anyone else who might have a legitimate claim upon the throne. He was successful, as the Abbasids would remain in power for another three centuries. Not without a certain grim panache, he gave himself the name as-Saffah, which translates as "the bloodletter." The Abbasids shifted the capital of the Caliphate to Baghdad. This reflected its concentration on events in the east - Persia, India, Central Asia - and subsequent de-emphasis on North Africa and the Mediterranean. The Abbasids were more overtly religious than the Umayyads, and under them the Caliphate more closely followed Islamic law. Harun al-Rashid (reigned 786-809) was the fifth Abbasid caliph. He ruled Arabia at the height of its wealth and power. In his early years Harun led military expeditions against the Byzantine Empire; his successes earned him the nickname al-Rashid, "the one following the correct path." While Rashid did have to put down a number of internal revolts, the empire was mostly at peace during his reign, and the Caliphate grew monumentally, spectacularly wealthy. For more details on Harun al-Rashid, see his Civilopedia entry. The Arab empire of the medieval period was far more advanced than contemporary Europeans; Harun al-Rashid's Baghdad may have held a million people at the same time that Charlemagne's Aachen was a "capital" of ten thousand. Centers of learning attracted scholars from across the Muslim world to great cities such as Baghdad, Damascus, and Cordoba. The Arabs of this period made many advances in medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and other areas, as well as translating many of the classics of the Ancient Greeks into Arabic, thereby saving them from destruction. During the period of the Crusades, Christian Europe began a sustained assault against the Arabic world. The greatest of Muslim generals from this period was Salah al-Din, better known as Saladin, who successfully defeated the Third Crusade and recaptured Jerusalem for the Arabs. As the Middle Ages ended, however, the Empire began to fragment under increasing pressure from both external and internal forces. The sheer size of the Empire made centralized government nearly impossible, and the caliphs were forced to put down numerous insurrections by rebellious local leaders. The debate over the rightful heirs to Mohammed's leadership continued to fester. In the west the Europeans wrested control of Spain from the caliphate, while in the east the Ottomans began their inexorable expansion into the heart of the Arabian Empire. In 1258 a Mongol army under Hulagu Khan captured Baghdad and executed Caliph al-Musta'sim, bringing the Arabian Empire to an abrupt end. For most of the past five centuries, much of the Arab world has been ruled by foreigners; first by the Ottoman Turks, then by the Western colonial powers. Since the onset of de-colonization in the 1950s, traditional Arab values have been modified through the combined pressures of urbanization, industrialization, and Western influence. However, the ancient tenets of Islam are still followed by millions of faithful across the globe. Although now divided between dozens of different countries, the lands once part of the greater Arabian Empire owe much to their ancient common ancestor."

The Arabians are a fun race to play with, you can always mimic the current Middle East conflict, however, their power is very useful for a large empire. An extra 2 gold per trade route, with an empire of 40 cities connected to the capital will lead to an extra 80 gold per turn, in addition to the usual benefits that trading brings into the civilisation. The Bazaar is a nice building, it replaces the market. It does the same job as the market, with the 25% extra gold as well as the specialist slot, but the unique thing is that an additional luxury resource for each resource near the city. So 1 wine turns into 2, 2 into 4, and so forth. The unique unit is the Camel Archer, a unique mounted unit which allows for movement after attack, as well as a powerful ranged and melee attack for units within the Medieval Era, which is when you get access to this unit. However, like all mounted units, pikemen and spearmen are their worst nightmare. Harun al-Rashid ~ History "Harun al-Rashid (which translates roughly as "Aaron the Rightly Guided") was the fifth Abbasid Caliph, ruling the Arabian Empire from 786 to 809 AD. During his reign the Caliphate stretched from Spain in the west to Anatolia in the north to India in the east, and it was the largest and most powerful political entity in the world. Harun was an able ruler, and his reign was a time of scientific and cultural advancement and prosperity for his subjects. The son of the third Caliph and al-Khayzuran, a Yemeni slave girl, Harun came to power following the death of his brother, Abu Abdullah Musa ibn Mahdi al-Hadi. Al-Hadi died of a stomach ailment under somewhat suspicious circumstances, and some believed that his mother had al-Hadi poisoned because she had much stronger influence with her younger son, Harun. True or not, al-Khayzuran was one of Harun's chief advisors until her death in 789. At the start of Harun's reign, the Caliphate's capitol was in Baghdad, a new city founded by an earlier Caliph. The city was a center of arts, science and religion, with many beautiful buildings. There Harun founded the "House of Wisdom," a library and research facility which collected and translated scientific writings from Persian, Indian, Greek, and Roman texts. Under Harun Baghdad would blossom, becoming perhaps the largest and richest city in the world. Later Harun would move his government to the strategically important city of ar-Raqqah, but Baghdad would remain a great city of arts, science and commerce for centuries to come (the city would be conquered and sacked by the Mongols in 1258). A somewhat fantastic description of Harun may be found in "The Thousand and One Nights," in which the Caliph is described as living in a sumptuous palace flowing with gold, silver, and jewels. Although exaggerated, there is a strong element of truth to the tale. During Harun's reign huge amounts of wealth poured into the Empire, and a goodly portion of it made it to the Caliph's coffers. According to ancient historians, Harun's wife insisted that all utensils and plates at her table be made of gold and festooned with jewels. Politically, Harun attempted to maintain cordial relations with the European powers. He had direct diplomatic relations with Charlemagne, and in these pre-Crusade years Europeans had free access to Jerusalem and the Holy Lands. He also had diplomatic relations with the Imperial Court in China. However,

his relations were somewhat less friendly with the Byzantines. Under his father, Harun had led an army through Turkey to the gates of Constantinople, capitol of the Byzantine Empire. After negotiation with the Empress Irene, Harun agreed to spare the city in return for an annual tribute of 70,000 gold coins. When Irene was deposed and the Byzantines reneged on the agreement in 806, Harun led another army north and once again forced the Byzantines to capitulate. Harun became ill and died in 808 while on his way to deal with a revolt in Iran. He was succeeded by his son, al-Amin. His passing marked the beginning of the slow decline of the Arabian Empire, after his death pieces of it were carved away by external enemies and internal revolt. Although the Empire would continue to exist for some centuries, it would never again reach the brilliant heights it had under Harun al-Rashid. Although there were wars and internal trouble, most of Rashid's reign was peaceful and prosperous. The Caliphate enjoyed economic and industrial growth, plus an explosion in trade. Harun was a lover of music and poetry, and he gave lavish gifts to artists in his court. Although not necessarily a great leader, Rashid did rule the Arabian Empire competently at the very height of its power and wealth." Harun is an interesting enemy to face. With this guide, along with a nice history about them, for those who can't be bothered using the Civilopedia, which is a lot more confronting to use, I will give you their actual approaches to the game, as how they will, as the AI, will fight you in the game. As a future note, if you don't want to read the history, just skip past the second chunk of history for the Leader, and you'll get to the analysis of the AI Leader. All scales are out of 10, the closer to 10 they are, the more likely they are going to use that type of approach to whatever the scale is on. Leader Scales Victory Competitiveness Wonder Competitiveness City State Competitiveness Boldness 4/10 7/10 4/10 3/10

Harun is very competitive in terms of building wonders, he is one of the mostly likely leaders to compete in terms of building Wonders, so if you want those Hanging Gardens in your city, you will really want to build them quick, Harun will also want them, the race is on. He is interesting in the city states, as well as aiming for victory conditions, but not as much as some other leaders. And he isn't the type to go demanding what he wants or tries to get his way. Diplomacy Scales War Hostile Deceptive Guarded Afraid Friendly Neutral 3/10 5/10 7/10 7/10 5/10 6/10 5/10

Harun is more likely to use deception and be guarded, he is likely to play all nice, and offer you some trade agreements, such as a research pact to remove your gold reserves, or be guarded, not giving anything away. He is friendly somewhat, if the price is right. He is least likely to go to war to get what he wants, which is nice. No one likes war, unless you start to piss me off. City State Scales Ignore Others Friendly Protective Conquest 3/10 6/10 7/10 4/10

Harun will be more willing to build up a strong alliance with the city states, and offer to protect them, so that if you were to declare war on the city state, they will declare war on you, and then there will be some real issues. He will, on occasion, take their lands for his own personal gain though. Ground Military Scales Offensive Defensive City Defence Military Training Reconnaissance Ranged Mounted 4/10 6/10 6/10 5/10 5/10 7/10 6/10

When you are going to face his army, Harun will be playing the defensive side. He is more likely to used ranged units, such as archers and his camel archers, which will be harder to counter with melee units, and will be using a fair amount of mounted units. He will scout out your area though, and he will be training his troops through buildings such as barracks. When you decide to advance, make sure you bring enough to smash his defences. Naval Scales Naval Naval Reconnaissance Naval Growth Naval Tile Improvement 4/10 4/10 4/10 4/10

Harun isn't a powerful naval user, he is more likely to just use the seas to transport his forces, not to use them to bombard your cities, which is nice if you have a fair amount of coastal cities. Air Scale Air Power - 3/10

When it comes for the time for air power to dominate, Harun won't be using his air units to his advantage. He won't be sending helicopter gunships to rain on your parade, or bombers to blow up your city. Something nice to know at least. Growth Scales Expansion Growth Tile Improvement Infrastructure Production Gold Science Culture 5/10 5/10 6/10 5/10 5/10 8/10 7/10 6/10

Harun will concentrate mainly on gold production, apt given that his special power is to do with gold, but he will focus on science and culture as well, which makes him fast to research new technology as well as adopting new social policy. In terms of improvements, he will build them, but he will build them to improve gold first, and gold foremost. Civilisation Scales Happiness Great People Wonder Diplomacy Spaceship 7/10 6/10 6/10 5/10 8/10

Despite his inability to use air power well, he will nearly always go for the spaceship victory, building and completing the Apollo project, which is very handy when you are facing him, he will be less likely to kill you than to build up his little spaceship, which drains his production from units to kill you with. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [3.02] Aztecs Leader - Montezuma

Unique Unit 1 - Jaguar Warrior, replaces Warrior Unique Unit 2 - None Unique Building - Floating Gardens, replaces Watermill Civilization Power SACRIFICIAL CAPTIVES - Gain Culture for each enemy unit killed ~ History

"The Aztecs were a Native American civilization that occupied central Mexico for roughly one hundred years in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Aztecs ruled a mighty empire and possessed a rich culture, producing some of the most impressive pre-Colombian architecture in North America. Today the Aztecs are best remembered for the bloodiness of their religious practices and rapidity with which they collapsed in the face of external assault. The Aztec Empire was located in the "Mesa Central" or central plateau in the heart of modern Mexico (Mexico City is built atop the ruins of the Aztec capital city of Tenochitlan.) The Valley of Mexico is dominated by a number of conjoined lakes: Zumpango, Xaltocan, Texcoco, Xochimilco, and Chalco. The area features abundant rainfall and a temperate climate, and the land is incredibly fertile. The origin of the Aztec people is uncertain, but their origin stories suggest they were a tribe of hunter-gatherers on the northern Mexican plateau before they migrated down to Meso-America in the 12th century. The word "Aztec" comes from "Aztlan" ("White Land"), an allusion to northern Mexico. The Aztecs reached central Mexico sometime around 1250; what happened to them before that period is mostly speculation and myth. At the time of the Aztecs' arrival, the population of central Mexico was divided between hundreds of small tribes or city-states, the most important of which were the Azcapotzalco and the Culhuacan. During the early period the Aztecs were vassals of the Azcapotzalco, who in 1325 gave them permission to settle on a small island in Lake Texcoco, where they founded their capital city, Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs remained subject to the Azcapotzalcos for around 100 years. By the fifteenth century, the Azcapotzalcos had become a strong regional power. In 1427 the Azcapotzalco leader, Maxtla, had the Aztec leader Chimalpopca assassinated and laid siege to the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. To defeat the Azcapotzalcos, Chimalpopca's successor Itzcoatl allied with two other powerful city-states, Texcoco and Tlacopan. The allies successfully raised the siege of Tenochtitlan and shortly thereafter conquered the Azcapotzalcos themselves. Over the next century the "Triple Alliance" would come to control all of central Mexico, eventually extending its power across the entirety of the country, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Tenochtitlan would become the dominant member in the alliance, making the Aztecs de facto rulers of a vast continental empire. In 1440, Montezuma I succeeded his uncle Itzcoatl to become ruler of the Aztecs. During his reign Montezuma solidified the Triple Alliance. He extended the Alliance's control to the Gulf coast, subjugating the Totonac and the Huastic people. He also led successful campaigns against other neighbors, including the Mixtecs, Cotaxtla, and Orizaba. (It's important not to confuse Montezuma I with his unfortunate and incompetent namesake, Montezuma II, about whom see below). Montezuma I died in 1469. For more details on Montezuma I, see his Civilopedia entry. While Montezuma I held the throne, his half-brother Tlacaelel was engaged in reforming the Aztec state. He literally rewrote the Aztec religion, according to some sources ordering the burning of hundreds of texts because of historical inaccuracies. Under Tlacaelel, the Aztec religion stated that the Aztecs were chosen people, destined to be above all others. Tlacaelel also emphasized the importance of militarism and ritual sacrifice in the Aztec religion, a change which would have far-reaching and devastating effects upon

the Aztecs and the region as a whole. Tlacaelel oversaw the creation of many temples and religious buildings, including the Templo Mayor in Tenochtitlan, dedicated to the Aztec god of war Huitzilopochtli. Politically, Tlacaelel was one of the architects of the Triple Alliance. He is said to have ordered the burning of conquered people's histories to ensure that his people's worldview was dominant. He also strengthened the Aztec nobility and priesthood at the expense of the peasants. Tlacaelel died in 1487, probably much to the relief of Central American historians everywhere. At the height of its power, the Aztec Empire dominated an area of nearly 200,000 square miles (slightly under a third the size of modern Mexico), with some five to six million subjects. Somewhat like the Mongols, the Aztecs left the subject tribes to their own devices as long as the requisite tribute was paid. The Aztecs were great traders, and Aztec merchants happily did business with allies and enemies alike. Lacking a monetary system, trade was based upon the barter system. Possessing no draft animals or wheeled vehicles, the Aztecs constructed a vast road network designed for foot travel. In addition to merchants, these roads were in constant use by soldiers and military couriers, making them safe enough for women to travel on alone. The Aztec religion as revised by Tlacaelel believed that a steady stream of sacrifice was required to keep the universe operating properly. Sacrifice was required to keep the rain falling, the crops growing, the sun rising, and so forth. Sins were expiated by sacrifice. The Aztecs sacrificed animals, wealth, food, their own blood - and human beings. The Aztecs claimed that they sacrificed over 80,000 prisoners to reconsecrate the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan in 1487, though many historians believe this to be a massive exaggeration, with 5,000 or fewer being the most that would be logistically possible given the size of the sacrificial table. Even if the smaller number is closer to the truth, that's still quite a lot of blood and beating hearts to deal with. The Aztec religion placed a premium upon the sacrifice of enemy warriors captured in battle, which became something of a problem once the Empire had conquered pretty much everybody within reach. This led to a form of ritualized combat known as the "Flower Wars," under which two sides would meet at a prescribed time and place for the specific purpose of battling to acquire prisoners. Once the battle was over, each side would take their prisoners back to their cities for religious sacrifice. In 1502 the ninth emperor Montezuma II (1502-1520) succeeded his uncle Ahuitzotl as the ruler of an empire that had reached its greatest extent, stretching from what is now northern Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua. The Aztec empire was still expanding, and its society still evolving, when its progress was halted in 1519 by the appearance of Spanish adventurers on the Gulf Coast. In February of 1519, Hernan Cortes led an expedition into Central America, leading a force of 500 men, 13 horses and a small number of cannon. In mid-August he marched on Tenochtitlan after burning his ships to discourage retreat. Along the way he gathered many Native American allies eager to assist in the downfall of the hated Aztecs. According to Spanish records, Cortes was greatly assisted in his conquest by Aztec religious traditions that said that the God Quetzalcoatl would return

as a white man from across the water. The Aztecs were not certain if Cortes was Quetzalcoatl, which made them reluctant to fight him. Cortes' godhood was further confirmed by his command of horses, dogs, firearms and cannon which the Aztecs had never seen, and which at first naturally terrified them. By the time Cortes reached Tenochtitlan, he had a huge following of native allies. Montezuma II welcomed the Spaniards into the city peacefully, whereupon Cortes made him prisoner. Through Montezuma Cortes ordered the Aztecs to provide the Spanish with huge amounts of treasure. Eventually, the Aztecs stoned Montezuma to death and drove the Spanish out of their capital, but Cortes got reinforcements and returned, laying siege to the city. In 1521 the city fell and was razed, and in August the last ruler of the Aztecs was captured. The Empire was vanquished, destroyed by ambitious foreigners with advanced weapons who took advantage of the native majority's hatred for their Aztec overlords. Unfortunately for the natives, the Spanish were not especially nicer to their subject people and it would be some time before they would once again be free from oppression and once again have some control over their own destinies." http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ITXPfHltRg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnRrTEFZs60 2 Videos that any self-respecting Civ Fan must watch, who hasn't had one-moreturn-itis? No one, that who. Anyway, the Aztecs are a funny bunch, they are especially strong in terms of war, given their special power. They have the best in terms of early starts, they will get the Jaguar Warriot, which is superior to the normal warrior, and they will get the Floating Gardens, which gives 15% more food and 2 extra food for each worked lake tile as long as the city is located next to a river or lake. Montezuma ~ History "A mighty warrior and leader, Montezuma I helped propel the Aztec nation to greatness and glory. He should not be confused with his unfortunate grandson Montezuma II, who watched helplessly as his empire was dismantled by Spanish Conquistadors. Montezuma (whose name means "he frowns like a lord") came from a royal family. His father Huitzilihuitl was the second Aztec "tlatoani" or emperor, and his mother, Miahuaxihuitl, was the daughter of the ruler of the city of Cuauhnahuac. Following his father's death, Montezuma's uncle Itzcoatl was elected. Montezuma's older brother Tlacaelel was one of Itzcoatl's closest advisors, while Montezuma served as a general in the Aztec army. Following Itzcoatl's death in 1440, Montezuma was elected emperor. Tlacaelel did not seem at all unhappy about being bypassed (perhaps he thought he'd live longer if he didn't get the crown), and by all accounts he served his brother faithfully. Montezuma's coronation was a huge ceremony involving the sacrifice of many prisoners. Despite the opulence of his political title, it appears that Montezuma himself lived modestly, in a simple palace with "just a few wives." When not engaged in religious duties or matters of state, he spent much of his time in consultation with his friends and advisors.

During his reign Montezuma and his brother Tlacaelel worked to improve the Aztec city Tenochtitlan. Among other improvements they constructed an aqueduct system which brought a good deal of fresh water into the city. Of course as Tenochtitlan grew, in addition to fresh water it required ever greater amounts of food to sustain its hungry population. Since Central America lacked draft animals, every single morsel of food had to be transported to the city on somebody's back. Montezuma's government employed state inspectors to ensure that every piece of arable land within walking distance was planted and maintained. He also ordered the construction of a dike system to alleviate flooding and to provide more farmland. Montezuma and his brother also constructed many temples in and around the city, including a new temple to Huitzilopochtli, the god of battle. The temple of Huitzilopochtli was consecrated in 1455 with the sacrifice of a large number of Huaxtec prisoners of war. Probably at the urging of his brother, Tlacaelel, Montezuma instituted Sumptuary Laws which codified and reinforced the already-stratified Aztec class system. A person's station in life determined what he or she could wear and how he or she could speak. The poor were not allowed to wear cotton cloth, sandals or any clothing that extended below the knee. Only the nobility could live in homes of greater than one story. Crimes were punished by slavery, the lowest of all classes, or by being sacrificed. During Montezuma's rule, his brother Tlacaelel worked on reforming the Aztec religion. He rewrote the Aztec religious texts, ordering the destruction of many others which did not agree with his interpretations of the Aztec history and religion. Under Tlacaelel the Aztec religion became more militaristic, demanding ever more sacrifices of captured enemy soldiers. The need for prisoners for sacrifice would over time become one of the driving forces behind Aztec foreign policy. As ruler Montezuma sought to strengthen the "Triple Alliance" between the Central Mexican city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco and Tlacopan. He also expanded the Aztec empire by conquering Panuco, the Totonacs, Coatzocoalcos and the Chalca. Some theorize that he conquered the tribes for their tribute, hoping to ensure a continuous food supply for Tenochtitlan, which despite his best efforts continued to suffer from periodic famine. Another theory is that he did so to feed the Aztec religion's every-chronic need for prisoners of war to sacrifice. Yet another theory is that he did it because that's what Aztec Emperors did - conquer stuff. The answer is likely to be something of a combination of all three theories. Montezuma died in 1469. He was succeeded by his 19-year-old cousin, Axayacatl, who would be the father of Montezuma I's namesake, the unfortunate Montezuma II who would lose everything to Spain. Generally, Montezuma was a successful ruler. He expanded his empire, personally led his armies to victory, and worked hard to improve the lot of his people. He certainly was a bloody man, personally sacrificing thousands of prisoners to his thirsty gods. But his religion said such barbarity was necessary - blood was required to ensure that the sun would rise, the crops would grow, and the Aztec nation would continue to prosper. Could he have cut back on the ritualized murder? Possibly. But the thought might never have occurred to him - or anybody else in the area at the time. It's useful to remember that the more "enlightened" people of Europe were busily burning heretics alive at roughly the same time. And while that doesn't in any way make Montezuma's actions any better, at least it puts them in some kind of context."

Montezuma is very aggressive, and when you watch that video, you will figure that he expands and conquers all those who get in his path. So if you are near him in terms of civilization, you might want to build up some defences and have units around him 24/7, just to make sure he doesn't pull off anything sneaky on you. Leader Scales Victory Competitiveness Wonder Competitiveness City State Competitiveness Boldness 6/10 2/10 5/10 8/10

Montezuma isn't going to compete with you on Wonders, but he will compete for the favours from the City States, but what really does set him out is his boldness. He will demand what he wants, if he doesn't get it, he will get very pissed, and will be, as you will see later, declare war on you. Diplomacy Scales War Hostile Deceptive Guarded Afraid Friendly Neutral 7/10 6/10 7/10 5/10 7/10 4/10 5/10

Montezuma is one that deals with strength. When he meets you, he is more likely to declare war on you, and be willing to deceive you and then declare war, rather than to be friends with you and be involved in a group hug. However, build up an army strong enough to match him stride for stride, or declare war on him with a superior force, and he will back down. It is either put up or shut up with Montezuma. City State Scales Ignore Others Friendly Protective Conquest 5/10 5/10 3/10 7/10

Montezuma isn't there to be friendly towards the city states, he is there to conquer them. He is one of the most likely leaders to attack the city states and take them over. He will ignore what others are doing towards the city states, which will tend to get him into more wars than necessary, but that is his culture, no to respect others. Beside, he only sees the city state as a small city with a few military units, not looking at the protector with a few hundred riflemen on their borders. Ground Military Scales

Offensive Defensive City Defence Military Training Reconnaissance Ranged Mounted

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8/10 3/10 4/10 6/10 6/10 5/10 5/10

Montezuma will focus on his ground units a lot. He will focus on the offensive units, anything that can be used to attack, he will use it. He will scout out your lands, and then send in units, including siege units, to march on your lands. However, the lack of defence will help you significantly, you will be able to easily take over his lands once you defeat his standing army. Naval Scales Naval Naval Reconnaissance Naval Growth Naval Tile Improvement 3/10 3/10 4/10 4/10

Montezuma will, by large, neglect his naval units significantly. He will be more likely to use them as a support role at most, but more likely, the extent of his naval prowess will be to ship units across the sea to set your cities on fire. Air Scale Air Power - 4/10 Air power isn't something that is on Montezuma's mind, he isn't there to use air units as an offensive strategy, rather, as best, support. And that's a good thing, bombers aren't the best thing you want to face when they decide to rain death on your cities. Growth Scales Expansion Growth Tile Improvement Infrastructure Production Gold Science Culture 8/10 5/10 5/10 5/10 5/10 5/10 4/10 5/10

The only thing that stands out, above average, is that Montezuma expands and he will expand aggressively. This is why he is one of the most hated enemy leaders to face, he will expand and declare war to gain land, and he does not build an economy to match that expansion. It is nice to note that he isn't that tech inclined though, so whilst you will be using riflemen, he will still be stuck using Jaguar Warriors.

Civilisation Scales Happiness Great People Wonder Diplomacy Spaceship 6/10 5/10 6/10 5/10 7/10

For someone who doesn't like to tech up, he will go for the spaceship victory, more often than not, although it will take him a fairly long time to get there. This is quite good, although his armies marchingn into your land isn't that good. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [3.03] China Leader - Wu Zetian

Unique Unit 1 - Chu-Ko-Nu, replaces Crossbowman Unique Unit 2 - None Unique Building - Paper Maker, replaces Library Civilization Power ART OF WAR - Great General effective and spawn rate increased ~ History "Summarizing the rich history of China in several paragraphs is a daunting task indeed. China is a civilization spanning some six thousand years and comprising a large fraction of humanity. There is evidence of man's prehistoric ancestors living in China some two million years ago, and modern man has lived in the area for at least 18,000 years, possibly much longer. Geographically, China can be divided into three main areas: the mountainous highlands of the west, the rugged south, and the eastern lowlands bordering the Yellow and East China Seas. Bisected by a number of major rivers, the incredibly fertile lowlands have been the center of power in China, and whoever controls that area controls Western Asia. The Xia Dynasty is the earliest known centralized political entity in China. While the specific dates of the dynasty remain open to debate, many reputable scholars agree that the Xia existed from around 2000 BC to 1600 BC. The Xia did not control all of China; their power was largely centered in northern China, the area which would eventually become known as Manchuria. The Xia were eventually overtaken by the Shang, who lasted from around the 18th to the 12th century BC. The Shang were in turn ousted by the Zhou, who held power until around the 9th century BC. From the 9th century to the 2nd China suffered through the unending agony of near-constant civil war during the so-called Spring and Autumn period, which in turn was followed by the Warring States period. Eventually, in the second century BC, the Qin Dynasty conquered its rivals and established the first truly unified Chinese state. Their successors, the Han, introduced the office of the Emperor, the single leader who would rule all of China.

Over the succeeding centuries China would be ruled by the Tang and the Song dynasties. In 1271 AD the country would be conquered by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who would begin his own dynasty, known as the Yuan. A century later, the Yuan would be overthrown and the Ming dynasty would gain power, lasting until the 16th century AD. The Qing replaced the Ming, ruling until 1912 AD, when the Republic of China was established. The Republic lasted some fifty years, until it was overtaken by the People's Republic of China in 1949. As of this writing, the People's Republic remains China's current ruler. A creative and innovative people, China has given the world some of the most important inventions in history, including paper, gunpowder, the compass, and movable type. (This section is mandatory whenever Chinese history is discussed, in case you were wondering. It's a law.) Throughout much of its history China has remained an insular and isolated civilization, largely ignoring - and ignored by - the rest of the world. This was not difficult, as for many centuries China long held a distinct technological and military edge over any and all external foes. And any threats it could not defeat militarily (such as the Mongols, who conquered China in 1271), it simply absorbed into its own dominant culture. This changed during the 18th and 19th centuries. By this period, the European powers and Japan had achieved a significant technological advantage over the Chinese. This edge, combined with vastly superior naval forces, better armaments, superior communications and advanced military tactics, allowed the foreign powers to dominate much of the rich Chinese coastal cities, where they could engage in extremely profitable business (including the infamous opium trade). The weak and corrupt Chinese central government was unable to oust the hated foreigners, who remained until most were driven out by the Japanese during and following World War II. Emerging triumphant over the Nationalists shortly after World War II, the Communist government spent the subsequent fifty years consolidating power, modernizing infrastructure, and improving the lives and education of its vast population, a process which included a number of massive missteps, including the idiotic "Cultural Revolution" which did its best to destroy China's intellectuals. In the past 40 years China has emerged as a major world power, an economic behemoth which will soon dwarf all other economies including the once unstoppable United States. China is not without its difficulties, however. Much of its energy is expended simply supporting its huge and growing population base. Pollution is becoming a major problem as more and more factories are built, and more and more automobiles are clogging the bigger cities. Tibet - which depending upon your point of view is either a captive nation or an integral part of China - remains an open wound and major political distraction for China. None of these are insurmountable, though, and China stands poised to dominate the 21st century." The Middle Kingdom, China is a powerful nation to play. With the Paper Maker, you will get a nice boost to your gold reserves, since it does give you some gold per turn as well. The Chu-Ku-No is a very nice unit, it has the ability to attack TWICE and as a ranged unit, it will be effective in removing the biggest threat, the Longswordsmen, at a distance before they have a chance to strike. The Art of War will allow you to get Great General quicker, and this is useful for 2 reasons, the ability to build Citadels, and more importantly, the source of a new Golden Age.

Wu Zetian ~ History "Like most civilizations, China has been male-dominated throughout much of its history. Until very recently, women were afforded few rights, and direct power was all but totally denied to them. For a woman to attain the rank of Emperor, to become the most powerful person in China, was almost unheard of. Only one person in the entirety of Chinese history was able to do so. That person was Wu Zetian, one of the most remarkable rulers - female or male the world has ever seen. A shockingly beautiful child, at the age of 13 (in approx. 639 AD) Wu became a concubine of Emperor Taizong. She did not have any children with the Emperor, and at his death in 649 she left the palace to become a Buddhist nun, as was common for childless concubines at the time. That should have been the end of her story. However, Fate was to give her another chance at glory. Like much of Chinese politics of the day, this gets extremely complicated. Empress Wang, the wife of the current Emperor Gaozong (son of the late Emperor Taizon), was afraid that Gaozong was becoming too infatuated with Consort Xiao. This was indeed a matter of some concern, as consorts had in the past been known to supplant empresses, who were often killed as a result. To divert her husband's attentions from Consort Xiao, the Empress had Wu who was still young and beautiful - returned to the palace and reinstated as Consort. This tactic was a complete success - too complete, in fact, for in a few years she had supplanted both Consort Xiao and Empress Wang in Emperor Gaozong's affections. Both ladies were killed, and she attained the rank of Empress. Some historians believe that she killed her own infant daughter and framed the Empress for the murder. While this is not proven, subsequent events have suggested that such an act was well within her scope. As Empress Consort, Wu moved quickly to consolidate her power. Forging alliances with certain powerful officials, she had those who opposed her demoted, exiled, or killed. She was an able advisor to the Emperor, and he delegated more authority to her as time passed. By 660 AD, the Emperor began to suffer from a debilitating illness (which some said was caused from slow poisoning by Wu), and he passed much of the day-to-day management of the Empire to Wu, who was then about thirty-five years old. Wu showed herself to be an able administrator, with sharp wit and extensive knowledge of history and literature. She also showed a remarkable ability to seek out and destroy those who plotted against her as well as those who might someday pose a threat. When Emperor Gaozong died in 683, she was inarguably the most powerful person in China. Following Gaozong's death, Wu's son Zhongzong became Emperor. He immediately began displaying troubling signs of independence, including appointing officials to important posts without consulting with his mother. This threatened to undermine Wu's power base, and she took decisive action. Zhongzong was deposed and exiled, and Wu's youngest son, Ruizong, became Emperor. Taking no chances this time, however, Wu kept the new Emperor in virtual isolation. Having no doubt learned from the unhappy example of his older brother, the titular Emperor kept very quiet and did nothing to offend the Dowager Empress. In 690 AD, Wu took the throne herself, her son Ruizong reduced in title to

Crown Prince. This caused a certain amount of displeasure among traditionalists, which Wu handled in her usually efficient and brutal manner. She expanded the powers of the secret police, who answered directly to her, and hundreds were exiled, imprisoned or murdered. She held this post for some 15 years, until, at the age of 80 and seriously ill, she was deposed. She died later the same year. As a leader, Wu was considered to be an able administrator and shrewd judge of character. She promoted and supported able men, and in return she received their firm loyalty. Generals appointed by her conquered Korea, adding that wealthy land to the Empire. She was quick to destroy any she saw as a threat, and the early years of her reign as Emperor were bloody and repressive, even by Chinese standards. As she grew more secure in her throne, however, she reined in the secret police, and even her enemies grudgingly praised her for her competence and decisiveness. In short, her rule was benevolent to those who were no challenge to her, and lethal to those who were. All in all, Wu Zetian remains one of the most fascinating rulers in history, and well worth further study." Leader Scales Victory Competitiveness Wonder Competitiveness City State Competitiveness Boldness 3/10 5/10 7/10 7/10

The Dowager Empress isn't there to win ultimately, she is there to make your life as miserable as possible. She will strongly compete to take and corrupt the City States, as well as making relatively bold moves. She is someone you want as an ally, not as an enemy, because she isn't a big threat as an enemy. Diplomacy Scales War Hostile Deceptive Guarded Afraid Friendly Neutral 4/10 6/10 7/10 7/10 5/10 7/10 5/10

Wu Zetian is about as likely to hate you as she is to love you. She is either friendly towards you in the game, or she is going to threaten you with her armies. She is willing to use deception to get her way, such as decoy agreements to drain your gold and resources, and is willing to defend her lands. City State Scales Ignore Others Friendly Protective Conquest 4/10 6/10 7/10 5/10

Wu Zetian is quite protective of the City States, she will be friends with them and then protect them, so declaring war on them will lead to you declaring war on her. However, that doesn't exclude her from conquering the city states, she just prefers to make them her pawns, rather than to send her troops needlessly against them. Ground Military Scales Offensive Defensive City Defence Military Training Reconnaissance Ranged Mounted 5/10 7/10 5/10 4/10 4/10 7/10 5/10

Given that the unique unit is a ranged unit, you can gather that Ranged Units are going to be a big hit with Empress Wu. She is more than willing to use ranged units, so you are going to have to quickly take them out with your mounted cavalry units or attain first strike. She is also quite likely to play real defensive, so don't be surprised to see walls all around her cities with garrison within them. Naval Scales Naval Naval Reconnaissance Naval Growth Naval Tile Improvement 5/10 4/10 5/10 5/10

Empress Wu isn't afraid to use naval units, which isn't a bad sign, but you don't have to worry about her to use a navy as a real threat, to her, a navy under her control will be there to support naval invasions or bombardments, but it isn't her main strike weapon. Air Scale Air Power - 3/10 Empress Wu won't really use air units as much as other nations would, she is more likely to use a ground force to blow something up, rather than a nice shiny stealth bomber. Growth Scales Expansion Growth Tile Improvement Infrastructure Production Gold Science Culture 4/10 8/10 4/10 5/10 5/10 5/10 8/10 6/10

The Chinese are really big on growing nice big cities, so you can expect them to concentrate most of their effects around resource tiles related to food production. They are likely to have big cities, and that means big production and gold production. Also, they are very quick to tech up, given their unique building, and will adopt social policies quickly as well, so you might want to keep an eye out for them. Civilisation Scales Happiness Great People Wonder Diplomacy Spaceship 6/10 6/10 6/10 3/10 8/10

As you can see, Wu Zetian isn't really interested in a diplomatic victory, the UN? Screw the United Nations, more like Useless Notion! Anyway, they are most likely to develop a space program and shoot of into the stars, and given their quick growth and tech growth, that is a pretty credible threat, so if a space victory is an option, you might want to keep an eye on them, and declare war if you want to stop them from winning. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* [3.04] Egypt Leader - Ramesses the Great

Unique Unit 1 - War Chariot, replaces Chariot Archer Unique Unit 2 - None Unique Building - Burial Tomb, replaces Temple Civilization Power MONUMENT BUILDERS - Wonders are constructed 20% Faster ~ History "Few civilizations have left such an indelible mark on history as that of Egypt. Living astride the mighty Nile River for some 5,000 years, Egypt is one of the oldest surviving civilizations on the planet. Among many other firsts, Egypt is credited with the invention of writing around 3000 BC. Using sophisticated mathematics, Egyptian scholars plotted the movement of the planets with great precision. And of course, the Egyptians were the ancient world's greatest architects, creating monuments and temples that still awe and inspire us today. Egypt is a riparian (river-based) civilization lying alongside the Nile, which, at some 4000 miles in length, is the longest river on the planet. Egypt occupies the northern section of this river in a narrow but extremely fertile corridor running through otherwise harsh desert terrain of the North African Sahara desert. While the physical area of Egypt extended a great distance to the east and west, the vast majority of that terrain is empty

useless desert, and through its history almost all Egyptians have lived within walking distance of the river. Until the implementation of damming projects in the 20th century, the Nile flooded its banks in the summer of every year. Egyptian farmers relied on these floods to bring water and fresh nutrients to their fields, and a dry year could easily spell famine and disaster to the population. The Nile also provided a good deal of protein to the Egyptians, who were adept fishermen and who early on mastered the construction and handling of small watercraft. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the north of Egypt. A mild and generous sea, the Mediterranean encourages exploration and trade between all civilizations who live on its borders. The first settlers of the Nile valley are thought to have arrived around 7000 BC, driven to the river as climate change turned the surrounding once-fertile lands to desert. By 5000 BC crops were being raised in local settlements along the river, and as agriculture improved the settlements grew in size and power. Luxury items such as mortuary pottery, copper ornaments, beads, and cosmetics begin to be seen in burial sites from that period, suggesting a significant growth in wealth and leisure in the culture. Increased wealth also forces which could be 3000 BC much of Egypt records is Menes, who irrigation works. His allowed for the creation and maintenance of military used to conquer other nearby cultures. By approximately was unified. The first king mentioned in the historical founded the capital Memphis, is credited with many "First Dynasty" would last for some two centuries.

The First and Second and Dynasties are known collectively as the "Early Dynastic Period" and last from approximately 3100 BC to 2600 BC. During this period Egypt extended its control south along the Nile and east and west along the coast of the Mediterranean. This period spans the years from approximately 2600 BC to 2100 BC. The Old Kingdom period is best known for the large number of pyramids constructed as tombs for pharaohs. Egyptian vessels traveled the Mediterranean and Red Seas, trading for items such as food, spices and Lebanese cedar, as well as luxuries like myrrh (a type of incense), ebony, and gold. The Old Kingdom ended when a severe drought caused the collapse of the central government, already weakened by corruption and civil war. The Old Kingdom Period is followed by the First Intermediate Period, then the Middle Kingdom Period, the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom Period, the Third Intermediate Period, then the Late Period. During these periods (lasting from 2100 BC to perhaps 600 BC) the Egyptian government would rise and fall several times, and periods of strife and internal conflict would be followed by periods of great peace and prosperity. External foes would invade when Egypt was weakened, and the pharaohs would extend their empire when Egypt was strong. In 525 BC Egypt was captured by Persia, who would control the country until it was taken by Alexander the Great in 332 BC as he systematically dismantled the Persian Empire. After Alexander's death the Greeks established the Ptolmeic Dynasty. The able Ptolemies ruled in an unbroken line until the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC. Her suicide marked the end of Pharaonic rule and the beginning of Egypt's centuries as a Roman and Byzantine province. Although swept by the Islamic tide in 642 AD, Egypt was to remain under foreign occupation Arabic, Ottoman, French, and British - until after World War I, when she

finally gained her independence from a British administration weary of overseas conflict. From 1922 through 1952, Egypt appeared to be one of the world's most successful constitutional monarchies. But it was ripe for revolution; the military coup of July 1952 led by Gamal Nasser, ironically, finally made Egypt an island of stability in a turbulent Middle East. Egypt's mastery of monumental architecture is virtually unmatched in history. The Egyptians were also great sculptors, creating many quite beautiful statues of their pharaohs and gods. They also made beautiful and delicate works of gold, jewels and other precious metals, many of which have been discovered in tombs and vaults. Actually, much of Egyptian culture and arts seems to have been dedicated to death, entombment and the afterlife (or perhaps art on those subjects was most likely to have been entombed and thus has survived better than non-death-related artwork). Religion was extremely important to Egyptian society. The religion has an incredibly rich pantheon of gods, and a detailed and complex creation mythos. The pharaoh was both a man and a god, and he was responsible for interceding with the gods on his subjects' behalf. The priests also served as the society's civil servants. (If the Egyptians ever heard of the concept of separation of church and state, they wanted nothing to do with it.) The Egyptians believed in an afterlife for those judged worthy, and they believed in sorcery and magic. Many historians believe that the Egyptians saw the pyramids as pathways to the realm of the gods for those buried inside. Clearly, it is impossible to do justice to a 5000-year-old civilization in the space of these short paragraphs. At her height Egypt was a mighty, continent-spanning empire, whose scientific and cultural advancements brought incalculable benefits to humanity. And its greatest works, the pyramids, can still astonish the modern viewer, much as they did to those who saw them 4,000 years ago." Egypt is very useful to play if you are to build Wonders. 20% off the actual production cost of wonders is useful, and couple that with the effects of marble and one of the social policies, and you will be building the wonders like they were normal buildings. The War Chariot is nice, it doesn't require you to have access to horses to build, and there is improved movement. But the best is the Burial Tomb, besides improving culture like a normal temple, it will give 2 Happiness as well, and trust me, that gets VERY USEFUL later in the game. But this comes at the cost of double pillage gold for the enemy when they capture the city. Ramesses the Great ~ History "Ramesses II is considered to be Egypt's greatest and most powerful pharaoh. Taking the throne in his twenties, Ramesses ruled Egypt for more than 60 years. Ramesses is remembered as a great military leader as well as for the extensive construction programs he instituted. He is also remembered for building a new capital city, Pi-Ramesses. Some historians believe that Ramesses is the pharaoh in the biblical story of Moses. Egypt having recently emerged from a period of declining power and prestige, Ramesses' father, Seti I, spent a good deal of time subduing rebellious provinces in Asia. The Hittites, based in Asia Minor, were extending their power southward, and the two great civilizations were engaged in a protracted struggle for control of Syria and Palestine. The young Ramesses accompanied his father on some of these campaigns; by the age of 10 he was given the rank

of captain - though this was almost certainly ceremonial, it does suggest that his military training began at an extremely young age. Ramesses assumed the throne in his early twenties, following his father's death. Four years after becoming pharaoh, Ramesses led an army north to retake the rebellious provinces that his father had been unable to conquer. The campaign was apparently successful, and the army advanced as far as Beirut. In the following year Ramesses attacked the Hittite stronghold at Kadesh. The Battle of Kadesh is one of the few battles from that period of which we have records. Believing the citadel to be abandoned, Ramesses approached incautiously and was ambushed by a large Hittite chariot force hiding beyond the fort. Although Ramesses achieved a marginal victory in that battle, his army was so weakened that he had to retreat to Egypt, leaving the fort in Hittite hands. Ramesses continued to battle the Hittites for some twelve more years, attaining tactical victories, but unable to hold the contested land for any time. In addition to his wars with the Hittites, Ramesses campaigned in Nubia and Libya, extending his rule to the west and south. However these were of much less importance as these enemies posed little threat to the survival of Egypt. Eventually realizing that further combat was pointless, in the twenty-first year of his reign, Ramesses agreed to a peace treaty with the Hittites. This is the earliest known peace treaty in recorded history. Interestingly, the treaty was written in two versions: the Egyptian version states that the Hittites sued for peace while the Hitti