Civilization: Mesopotamia and Egypt

Civilization

• Surpluses

• Specialization

• States

• Cities—l. “civ”

• Writing

• Monumental Architecture

Mesopotamia- “Between the Rivers”

Cuneiform Writing

The Ziggurat of Ur

Bronze bust of Sargon of Akkad

c. 2350 BCE

Stone stele featuring the code of Hammurabi

Mesopotamian Empires1800-600 BCE

Mesopotamian Empires

• Sumer 3500-2400 BCE– Cuneiform c. 3500-3000 BCE

– Bronze c. 4000-3500 BCE

• Akkadian 2400-1900 BCE• Babylonian 1900-1600 BCE

– Hammurabi c. 1800

• Hittite 1600-1300 BCE– Iron c. 1000

• Assyrian 1300-612 BCE• Neo-Babylonian 600-650

Israel and Phoenicia, 1500-600 BCE

The Indo-European Migrations

Semitic Languages

Egypt: The Gift of the Nile

Menes 3100 BCE

Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt

•Archaic Period 3100-2660 BCE•Unification of upper and Lower Kingdoms

•Old Kingdom 2660-2150 BCE•Giza Pyramids 2600-2500 BCE

•Middle Kingdom 1975-1640 BCE•Hyksos Invasion 1647 BCE

•New Kingdom 1539-1075 BCE

Step pyramid of Djoser at Saqquara

The Pyramids at Giza

Hatshepsut’s temple in the Valley of the Kings

Hatshepsut (1479 to 1458 BC)

Mummy of Ramses II (1279 BC to 1213 BC)

Canopic Jars

Ka Statue of Mereruka

Heiroglyphic and Hieratic writing

The Rosetta Stone

Akhenaten (1353 BC-1336 BC)

and henotheism