Civil War ProjectWritten by: Samantha Carlin

I choose the Antietam battle. I choose this battle because of this quote called Freedom at Antietam. "If I could save the union without freeing any slave I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it ; and if I could save by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that....I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expression personal wish that all men everywhere could be free.” the speech that Abraham Lincoln gave.

Antietam Battle

Union and Confederate Flags

Confederate Flag Union Flag

The Confederate did not like the way the union was doing things so the following states seceded from the union ( Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, South Carolina, Texas, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia) during the Civil War in 1865 but, seven states (highlighted) seceded in 1860.

Casualties of BattleCasualties include three parts 1 (dead) 2(wounded) and 3(missing or captured).In general terms ,casualties of Civil War battles included 20% dead and 80% wounded. Of the soldiers who were wounded and 1 of the 7 men died from wounds. Over 2/3 of the 622,000 men who gave their lives in the civil war died from disease, not from battle.

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StrategiesThe Army of the Potomac, under the command of George McClellan, mounted a series of powerful assaults against Robert E. Lee’s forces near Sharpsburg, Maryland, on September 17, 1862. The morning assault and vicious Confederate counterattacks swept back and forth through Miller’s Cornfield and the West Woods. Later, towards the center of the battlefield, Union assaults against the Sunken Road pierced the Confederate center after a terrible struggle. Late in the day, the third and final major assault by the Union army pushed over a bullet-strewn stone bridge at Antietam Creek. Just as the Federal forces began to collapse the Confederate right, the timely arrival of A.P. Hill’s division from Harpers Ferry helped to drive the Army of the Potomac back once more. The bloodiest single day in American military history ended in a draw, but the Confederate retreat gave Abraham Lincoln the “victory” he desired before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

ArtilleryArtillery Basics: The artillery was a separate, specialized branch of the army that supported the Infantry. The basics organization unit for cannons was called a battery, made up of four to six -guns with approximately men commanded by a captain. There were many models and sizes of Civil War cannon, but there were two basic types—smoothbore and rifled. A smoothbore cannon barrel is just like a pipe, smooth on inside. In contrast, a rifled cannon has grooves cut into the inside of the barrel, which forced the ammunition to rotate like a football. A rifled cannon was more accurate and had a greater range than a smoothbore gun..

Cannon Crew: Eight cannoneers are needed to fire field pieces. Five are at the gun—the gunner and cannoneers 1, 2, 3, 4. The gunner is in charge of the piece, he gives the commands and does the aiming. Cannoneers 1-4 actually load, clean and fire the gun. Cannoneer 5 runs the ammunition from the limber to the gun. Cannoneers 6 and 7 prepare the ammunition and cut the fuses.

VocabularyAmmunition: the material fired, scattered, dropped, or detonated from any weapon, as bombs or rockets, and especially shot, shrapnel, bullets, or shells fired by guns.

Cavalry: Military the part of a military force composed of troops that serve on horseback.

Seceded: To leave or separate from something.

TimelineNovember 6, 1860 - Abraham Lincoln, who had declared "Government cannot endure permanently half slave, half free..." is elected president, the first Republican, receiving 180 of 303 possible electoral votes and 40 percent of the popular vote.

December 20, 1860 - South Carolina secedes from the Union. Followed within two months by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas.

February 9, 1861 - The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president.

March 4, 1861 - Abraham Lincoln is sworn in as 16th President of the United States of America.April 12, 1861 - At 4:30 a.m. Confederates under Gen. Perrie Beauregard open fire with 50 cannons upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. The Civil War begins.April 15, 1861 - President Lincoln issues a Proclamation calling for 75,000 militiamen, and summoning a special session of Congress for July 4. Robert E. Lee, son of a Revolutionary War hero, and a 25 year distinguished veteran of the United States Army and former Superintendent of West Point, is offered command of the Union Army. Lee declines.

April 17, 1861 - Virginia secedes from the Union, followed within five weeks by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina, thus forming an eleven state Confederacy with a population of 9 million, including nearly 4 million slaves. The Union will soon have 21 states and a population of over 20 million.April 19, 1861 - President Lincoln issues a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war the blockade limits the ability of the rural South to stay well supplied in its war against the industrialized North.

April 20, 1861 - Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army. "I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children." Lee then goes to Richmond, Virginia, is offered command of the military and naval forces of Virginia, and accepts.

July 4, 1861 - Lincoln, in a speech to Congress, states the war is..."a People's contest...a struggle for maintaining in the world, that form, and substance of government, whose leading object is, to elevate the condition of men..." The Congress authorizes a call for 500,000 men.

July 27, 1861 - President Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as Commander of the Department of the Potomac, replacing McDowell. September 17, 1862 - The bloodiest day in U.S. military history as Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Confederate Armies are stopped at Antietam in Maryland by McClellan and numerically superior Union forces. By nightfall 26,000 men are dead, wounded, or missing. Lee then withdraws to Virginia.

January 1, 1863 - President Lincoln issues the final Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in territories held by Confederates and emphasizes the enlisting of black soldiers in the Union Army. The war to preserve the Union now becomes a revolutionary struggle for the abolition of slavery. July 1-3, 1863 - The tide of war turns against the South as the Confederates are defeated at

the Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. November 19, 1863 - President Lincoln delivers a two minute Gettysburg Address at a ceremony dedicating the Battlefield as a National Cemetery. April 14, 1865 - The Stars and Stripes is ceremoniously raised over Fort Sumter. That night, Lincoln and his wife Mary see the play "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater. At 10:13 p.m., during the third act of the play, John Wilkes Booth shoots the president in the head. Doctors attend to the president in the theater then move him to a house across the street. He never regains consciousness.April 15, 1865 - President Abraham Lincoln dies at 7:22 in the morning. Vice President Andrew Johnson assumes the presidency. April 18, 1865 - Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to Sherman near Durham in North Carolina.April 26, 1865 - John Wilkes Booth is shot and killed in a tobacco barn in Virginia.

May 4, 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is laid to rest in Oak Ridge Cemetery, outside Springfield, Illinois.

In May - Remaining Confederate forces surrender. The Nation is reunited as the Civil War ends. Over 620,000 Americans died in the war, with disease killing twice as many as those lost in battle. 50,000 survivors return home as amputees. A victory parade is held in Washington along Pennsylvania Ave. to help boost the Nation's morale - May 23/24, 1865. December 6, 1865 - The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, is finally ratified. Slavery is abolished.

Bibliography

http://totallyhistory.com/battle-of-antietam/

http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/casualties.htm

http://www.nps.gov/anti/historyculture/freedom.htm

http://www.google/images/civilwarcannon/artillery