CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

UNION (NORTH)

ADVANTAGES•Larger population•More industry•More resources•Organized banking system•More railroad mileage•Abraham Lincoln•More ships

DISADVANTAGES•Faced hostile people•Southern territory unfamiliar

CIVIL WARADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES

CONFEDERACY (SOUTH)

ADVANTAGES•Strong popular support•Familiar territory•Superior military leadership•Men more experienced with shooting and outdoors

DISADVANTAGES•Smaller population•Few factories•Less food production•Fewer railroad miles•Fewer ships

CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES

UNION (NORTH)

The Anaconda Plan1. Blockade Southern ports to stop

import of supplies2. Split the Confederacy by gaining

control of the Mississippi River3. Capture Richmond, the

Confederatecapital

CIVIL WARSTRATEGIES

CONFEDERACY (SOUTH)

1. Get Britain to pressureNorth to end blockade and restore supplies

2. Defend homeland until North tired of fighting

3. Capture Washington, D.C.

GOAL: RECOGNITION AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION

CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1861

1st BATTLE OF MANASSAS/BULL RUN (Virginia)July 21, 1861

- Northerners expected a quick victory and an early end to the war.- Residents of Washington, D.C. came out to watch- Confederates won the battle- General Thomas Jackson earned the title “Stonewall Jackson at this battle

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862

BATTLE OF THE MONITOR AND MERRIMACMarch 9, 1862 (Virginia)

New naval warships called ironclads (covered in metal rather than just wood) battled head to head near the Chesapeake Bay. This battle ended in a draw (tie).

CIVIL WARBATTLES, 1862

McClellan lost command of Union army. Lincoln gives him command of smaller unit to go after Richmond. This was a lost cause by August.

PENINSULA CAMPAIGN: MARCH 1862 (VIRGINIA)

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862

Shiloh: April 6, 1862 (Tennessee)

The Union found hope in the work of a little known general named Ulysses Grant, who took control of Tennessee. This was the bloodiest US battle up to that day: -- 1,735 Union dead -- 7,882 Union wounded -- 1,728 Confederate dead -- 8,012 Confederate wounded

• Union forces captured New Orleans, an important port at the mouth of the Mississippi River.

• Benjamin Butler began taking slaves as refugees and called them “Contraband”.

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862

New Orleans: April 25, 1862 (Louisiana)

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862

2nd Battle of Bull Run (Virginia)August 29-30, 1862

Stonewall Jackson and Robert E Lee are making things embarrassing for President Lincoln. After the failure of the Peninsula Campaign, the Rebels force the Union boys to retreat once again at Bull Run.

CIVIL WARBATTLES , 1862

ANTIETAM (Maryland)September 17, 1862

- Bloodiest single day of battle in America’s history -- 2,010 Union dead -- 9,416 Union wounded -- 1,512 Confederate dead -- 7,816 Confederate wounded- Confederate defeat which prevented Gen. Lee from convincing Britain to support the South

CIVIL WAREMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

January 1, 1863

- Freed only the slaves in the “rebellious” states BUT any places that Union troops took over gave protection to slave refugees. - Political move on the part of Abraham Lincoln when he was concerned the North was tiring of war.- Gave the North a new purpose to continue the war- Britain decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

CIVIL WAR PROBLEMS BY 1863

SOUTH

• Enlistments declined• Draft law drew names of men 18-35 to serve for 3 years

• could hire a substitute• Bombing raids caused people to have to leave their homes• Blockade caused imported goods to disappear• Crops were destroyed, railroads were torn apart• Clothing wore out and could not be replaced

NORTH

• “Peace Democrats” (also called “Copperheads”) favored a truce with the Confederacy• Enlistments declined

• Bounties offered – failed• Draft law drew names of men 20-45• Could buy out of it for $300

• Draft riots took place in New York City in July, 1863