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CIVIL WAR. North and South Divided. Events Preceding Civil War. Northwest Ordinance (1787) – Prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory 1808 – International Slave Trade banned Missouri Compromise (1820) Engineered by Henry Clay Senate tied with 11 slave and 11 free states - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CIVIL WARNorth and South Divided
Events Preceding Civil War Northwest Ordinance (1787) – Prohibited
slavery in the Northwest Territory
1808 – International Slave Trade banned
Missouri Compromise (1820) • Engineered by Henry Clay• Senate tied with 11 slave and 11 free states• Missouri would be admitted as a slave state• Maine would be admitted as a free state• Slavery would be prohibited above the 36º 30’ line
(north)
Nullification Crisis (1832-33)• Tariffs favored Northern manufacturers
and hurt Southern planters• “Nullification” created by John Calhoun
(states could abolish or nullify federal laws)
• South Carolina threatens secession• Compromise tariff drafted by Henry Clay
Wilmot Proviso (1847) – plan that would prohibit slavery in the territory gained from Mexico (southwest ordinance)
Bell Ringer Who was known as the Great
Compromiser? What is another word for nullify? What does it mean to secede? Why did the South hate tariffs? How many slave states and free
states were there after the Missouri Compromise?
What is abolition?
Compromise of 1850 Created by Henry Clay (with the help
of Stephen Douglas) California admitted as a free state Western territories organized without
mention of slavery Abolished slave trade in Washington
D.C. More effective fugitive slave laws
established
Underground Railroad (1830-1860)• Led by Harriet Tubman• System of houses (“stations”) and secret routes
to help slaves escape
Abolition Movement – groups in the North opposing slavery
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)• Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Contained stories she had heard from runaway
slaves• Convinced many Northerners of the evil of
slavery
Popular sovereignty – allowed citizens of a state to decide whether or not it would allow slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)• Repealed the Missouri Compromise• Allowed both territories to use “popular
sovereignty”• “Bleeding Kansas” – wars fought in Kansas
between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups
• Created by Stephen Douglas
Bell Ringer Who won the election of 1848? Who won the election of 1852? In what year was the Wilmot Proviso? Name to two different groups of
Whigs. What was a “fire eater?” What was a “doughface?”
Republican Party formed (1854)• Platform: Stop the spread of slavery
Dred Scott Decision (1857)• Dred Scott v. Sanford• Slave named Dred Scott claimed freedom
because his owner took him to a free state• Court ruled that slaves were “property”• Constitution and citizenship did not apply to
slaves and free blacks• Congress had no right to restrict slavery
from territories (UNCONSTITUTIONAL)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Abe Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas Both running for U.S. Senator from Illinois Debates based on slavery Douglas (Democrat) argued for popular sovereignty Lincoln (Republican) argued against expanding
slavery Douglas wins election Lincoln: “A house divided against itself cannot
stand.”
Freeport Doctrine – (Stephen Douglas)• stated that “free” states could still discourage slavery by
refusing to pass laws that protect slavery
John Brown’s Raid (1859)• Brown and his followers try to start slave
revolution (Harper’s Ferry, VA)• Brown was quickly tried and hanged
Election of 1860 Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) – favored popular
sovereignty
John Breckenridge (Southern Democrat) – favored Dred Scott Decision
John Bell (Constitutional Union Party) – goal was to keep Union together
Abraham Lincoln (Republican) – stop the expansion of slavery
Lincoln wins
December 1860 – South Carolina secedes (withdraws)
By February 1861, seven states are seceding
February 4, 1861 – “Confederate States of America” is established• Jefferson Davis chosen as President
April 12, 1861 – Confederates bombard Ft. Sumter, SC; Civil War begins
CONFEDERATE STATES – South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
BORDER STATES – (Slave states still in the Union) Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and later, West Virginia (broke from Virginia, June 1861; became a state June 1863)