Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Global Positioning System Office of Space Commercialization U.S. Department of Commerce August 2000

Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System

Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System

Office of Space CommercializationOffice of Space CommercializationU.S. Department of CommerceU.S. Department of Commerce

August 2000August 2000

Current Users:Current Users:Basic to Mid-RangeBasic to Mid-Range


Current Users:Current Users:High EndHigh End


Future UsersFuture UsersFuture UsersFuture Users

Basic Positioning: Before May 2000Basic Positioning: Before May 2000

• C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1• Selective AvailabilitySelective Availability

25-100 m25-100 m

Basic Positioning: TodayBasic Positioning: Today

• C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1• No Selective AvailabilityNo Selective Availability

10-20 m10-20 m

Basic Positioning: By 2009Basic Positioning: By 2009

• C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1• C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2

5-10 m5-10 m

Basic Positioning: By 2013Basic Positioning: By 2013

• C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1• C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2• New Code on L5New Code on L5

1-5 m1-5 m

Better resistance Better resistance to interferenceto interference

Cost of Higher Precision GPS Cost of Higher Precision GPS Will Drop DramaticallyWill Drop Dramatically

• Basic GPS will replace DGPS for many applications, Basic GPS will replace DGPS for many applications, eliminating cost of:eliminating cost of:– DGPS receiversDGPS receivers

– Commercial DGPS base stationsCommercial DGPS base stations

– Commercial DGPS servicesCommercial DGPS services

• Volume of receiver sales will surge, leading to lower Volume of receiver sales will surge, leading to lower unit costsunit costs

• DGPS/NDGPS integrity monitoring will still be DGPS/NDGPS integrity monitoring will still be required for safety-of-life navigation systemsrequired for safety-of-life navigation systems

Examples of Higher Precision ApplicationsExamples of Higher Precision Applications

Fleet ManagementFleet Management Intelligent VehicleIntelligent VehicleSystemsSystems

Positive TrainPositive TrainControlControl

Mineral & ResourceMineral & ResourceExplorationExploration

Public SafetyPublic Safety& Services& Services






Real-Time Kinematic: TodayReal-Time Kinematic: Today

• L1 Code and CarrierL1 Code and Carrier• L2 CarrierL2 Carrier• Data LinkData Link

10 km10 km

2 cm accuracy2 cm accuracy

Real-Time Kinematic: TomorrowReal-Time Kinematic: Tomorrow

• L1 Code and CarrierL1 Code and Carrier• L2 Code and CarrierL2 Code and Carrier• L5 Code and CarrierL5 Code and Carrier• Data LinkData Link

100+ km100+ kmFaster recovery Faster recovery following signal following signal interruptions interruptions (ex., under bridges)(ex., under bridges)

2 cm accuracy2 cm accuracy

Cost of RTK Will Drop DramaticallyCost of RTK Will Drop Dramatically

• Increased RTK range means fewer base stations will Increased RTK range means fewer base stations will be neededbe needed

• DGPS/NDGPS reference stations could conceivably DGPS/NDGPS reference stations could conceivably be converted to RTK stations, enabling free, be converted to RTK stations, enabling free, nationwide RTKnationwide RTK

• Increased volume of sales will lower unit cost of RTK Increased volume of sales will lower unit cost of RTK systemssystems

• Commercial RTK base stations will still be required Commercial RTK base stations will still be required for some applicationsfor some applications

Examples of RTK ApplicationsExamples of RTK Applications

Survey, Mapping, GISSurvey, Mapping, GIS Open Pit MiningOpen Pit Mining

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture ConstructionConstruction

• Marine surveys will be Marine surveys will be possible at greater possible at greater distances from the shoredistances from the shore

Increased Range of RTK Increased Range of RTK Will Enable Its Use in New PlacesWill Enable Its Use in New Places






Improved Accuracy of Basic GPS Improved Accuracy of Basic GPS Will Enable New ApplicationsWill Enable New Applications

• Small size of standalone receivers will allow GPS to Small size of standalone receivers will allow GPS to be used where DGPS is not practicalbe used where DGPS is not practical– Handheld navigation for the blindHandheld navigation for the blind– Animal trackingAnimal tracking– Tracking of children, elderlyTracking of children, elderly

• The public craves higher GPS accuracy and will The public craves higher GPS accuracy and will certainly develop creative new uses for itcertainly develop creative new uses for it

GPS GPS inin a golf ball? a golf ball?

Better Signal & Protection of L5 Will Better Signal & Protection of L5 Will Enable New Navigation CapabilitiesEnable New Navigation Capabilities

AviationAviation

Space TransportationSpace Transportation

MaritimeMaritime

Availability of Three Signals Will Enable Availability of Three Signals Will Enable New Scientific TechniquesNew Scientific Techniques

Space-BasedSpace-BasedAtmosphericAtmospheric

StudiesStudies

Ocean SurfaceOcean SurfaceMapping via Mapping via

GPS ReflectionGPS Reflection

New Uses of Very HighNew Uses of Very HighPrecision TimingPrecision Timing

ConclusionConclusion

• Cost of existing high precision GPS and RTK Cost of existing high precision GPS and RTK applications will drop dramaticallyapplications will drop dramatically

• Volume of existing applications will increaseVolume of existing applications will increase

• Many new applications will be enabledMany new applications will be enabled

• User benefits of GPS modernization are clear, User benefits of GPS modernization are clear, though hard to quantify economicallythough hard to quantify economically

Documents

Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Global Positioning System Office of Space Commercialization U.S. Department of Commerce August 2000