Civil Rights Civil Rights

Why was the Civil Rights Movement such a non-accepting Why was the Civil Rights Movement such a non-accepting behavior in America?behavior in America?

Brown v. Board of Education of Brown v. Board of Education of TopekaTopeka

Segregation of public Segregation of public facilities covered a large facilities covered a large of the U.S. into the of the U.S. into the 1950s. 1950s.

Thurgood Marshall and Thurgood Marshall and NAACP lawyers spent 23 NAACP lawyers spent 23 years winning Supreme years winning Supreme Court cases that helped Court cases that helped improve the rights of improve the rights of blacks. blacks.

Linda Brown challenged Linda Brown challenged and won in 1954, and won in 1954, making segregation making segregation illegal. illegal.

Impact of Desegregation Impact of Desegregation Some states and schools Some states and schools

refused to desegregate causing refused to desegregate causing violence. violence.

In Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957, In Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957, the governor called in the the governor called in the National Guard to stop 9 black National Guard to stop 9 black students from going to Little students from going to Little Rock High School. Rock High School.

Eight of the Students were Eight of the Students were driven to school, one wasn’t driven to school, one wasn’t and had to take the bus and and had to take the bus and was harassed by white was harassed by white students. students.

The Federal government was The Federal government was forced to get involved by forced to get involved by making itself the ultimate making itself the ultimate authority of desegregation and authority of desegregation and not the states.not the states.

Demonstrations Demonstrations Rosa Parks-Rosa Parks- States like Alabama refused to allow States like Alabama refused to allow

blacks to ride freely in buses. blacks to ride freely in buses. Parks sat in the front row and refused to get up for Parks sat in the front row and refused to get up for

whites and was arrested. whites and was arrested. Formed the Montgomery Improvement Association Formed the Montgomery Improvement Association

headed up by headed up by Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King. . He used nonviolent demonstrations to prove his He used nonviolent demonstrations to prove his

point for unjust laws such as the point for unjust laws such as the Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus Boycott. Boycott.

From there student organizations were formed such From there student organizations were formed such as the as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeCommittee. .

They formed sit-ins in white only restaurants that caused They formed sit-ins in white only restaurants that caused whites to harass them by yelling and dumping food on whites to harass them by yelling and dumping food on them while T.V. crews showed it on the news.them while T.V. crews showed it on the news.

Civil Rights Acts Civil Rights Acts Civil Rights Act of 1957-Civil Rights Act of 1957- Established a Established a

civil rights division in the Justice Department civil rights division in the Justice Department that helped enforce civil rights. that helped enforce civil rights.

Civil Rights Act of 1964-Civil Rights Act of 1964- Banned most Banned most discrimination in employment and public discrimination in employment and public facilities, sped up desegregation, and facilities, sped up desegregation, and ensured fair treatment for employment. ensured fair treatment for employment.

Voting Rights of 1965-Voting Rights of 1965- Stopped all Stopped all literacy tests and could register freely. literacy tests and could register freely.

Civil Rights Act of 1968-Civil Rights Act of 1968- Stopped Stopped discrimination in sale or rental of housing, discrimination in sale or rental of housing, made lynching illegal, and against the law to made lynching illegal, and against the law to harm a civil rights leader.harm a civil rights leader.

Malcolm XMalcolm X There were two types of There were two types of

segregation: segregation: de facto de facto segregationsegregation which was by which was by practice and custom, and the practice and custom, and the other was other was de jure segregationde jure segregation which was by law.which was by law.

Malcolm X-Malcolm X- Some leaders Some leaders became frustrated and sought became frustrated and sought revenge against whites. revenge against whites.

Malcolm head of the Black Malcolm head of the Black Muslims promoted self defense, Muslims promoted self defense, but faced ridicule as he split from but faced ridicule as he split from the New York Muslim the New York Muslim organization. organization.

After changing his philosophy in After changing his philosophy in 1965 to focusing on change 1965 to focusing on change through voting, but was shot and through voting, but was shot and killed by Muslims who did not killed by Muslims who did not approve of him. approve of him.

Black Organizations Black Organizations Black Power-Black Power- A group of A group of

African-Americans who were African-Americans who were frustrated with the abuse they frustrated with the abuse they encountered during freedom encountered during freedom marches and demanded to set marches and demanded to set their own goals without any their own goals without any white influence. white influence.

Black Panthers-Black Panthers- A political A political party that fought police party that fought police brutality, fair employment brutality, fair employment opportunities, decent housing, opportunities, decent housing, and exemption from the and exemption from the military service. military service.

The group promoted Chinese The group promoted Chinese Communism and endured Communism and endured shootings from the police.shootings from the police.