Civil Rights

The Movement Toward Equality

Erica Andersen

Background

13th, 14th, and 15th amendmentsGave blacks rights, but were soon

taken away with Jim Crow laws, poll taxes and the Grandfather Clause.

Plessy v. Ferguson set the standard for “separate but

equal” facilities for blacks and whites.

Brown V. Board (1954) Started the want and need

for integrated schools and other segregated places.

Topeka, KA

Separate, but equal NOT equal Thurgood Marshall, lawyer

for Brown family Chief Justice Earl Warren

decided separate but equal in education was not equal

Lawyers in the Brown V. Board case: Boulware, Marshall, and Robinson

Emmett Till (1955)

Young boy from Chicago

Beaten and murdered by white men in south

Men admit guilt, but get off anyway

Emmett Till Mother wanted an

open casket to show the world what prejudice and hatred had done to her son.

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) Rosa Parks refused to give

up her seat on a bus City-wide bus boycott Over a year of walking Martin Luther King, Jr.

organized the boycott which caused huge damages to the bus lines

Desegregate Buses

Little Rock, AR (1957)

“Little Rock Nine”

Stopped by the Governor

Troops sent by Eisenhower

Leaders

Martin Luther King, Jr. Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X Thurgood Marshall A. Philip Randolph

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Bus boycott

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

March on Washington

MLK cont. “I have a dream” speech

Assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968

Stokely Carmichael SNCC (Student

Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

Black Power – reject white, American customs and unite to form their own society

“Black is Beautiful”

Malcolm X Nation of Islam-

converted while in prison

Black Separatism, Black Pride, separate society for blacks. Did not want integration to continue

Assassinated Because he changed

his mind.

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP

Brown v. Board

Supreme Court Justice,first black to reach that position

A. Philip Randolph Fair Employment Act

Desegregation in Armed Forces

Negro American Labor Council

March on Washington

Major Groups

NAACP CORE SCLC SNCC Black Panthers

NAACP 1910

W.E.B. Du Bois

NonViolence

Legal Issues

CORE-Congress of Racial Equality 1942

James Farmer

NonViolence

March on Washington

SCLC

1957

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Nonviolent passive resistance

SNCC

1960

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Nonviolence

Black Panthers

1966

Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale

African-American Militant Party

Violence Whites used on blacks

Methods such as beatings, hangings, burning houses, and gassing protestors.

Ku Klux Klan in the 1960s/70s

Violence againstBlacks

Bombings, lynchings,Shootings, etc.

James Meredith (1961)

University of Mississippi

Violence and Riots

5,000 Federal Troops

Medgar Evers (1963) NAACP secretary

Murdered

Byron De La Beckwith

Not convicted for 30 years

Church Bombing (1963) Sixteenth Street Baptist Church

Sunday

Four young girls killed Denise McNair Cynthia Wesley Carole Robertson Addie Mae Collins

The Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner (1964)

James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner

Civil Rights workers

Whites as well as blacks

March from Selma (1965) To Montgomery

First attempt were stopped by police beat and gassed the walkers

Made it on second attempt

NonViolence Blacks/ pro-Civil Rights

SNCC

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Sit-Ins (1960-1961) Could buy items in

store but couldn’t eat at counter

Just sat while whites attacked

Freedom Rides (1961) May, 1961

Nonviolent

Want integration of Bus Terminals

Encountered much opposition

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Made racial discrimination in public places

illegal

Equal Employment opportunities

voting

Bibliography Infoplease. 2005. 24 May 2005.

<http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html>. “Civil Rights.” Wikipedia. 24 May 2005.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement>. Rezelman, David. “American History since 1877.” Temple University. 24

May 2005. <http://www.temple.edu/history/amhist2images.html>. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States." Microsoft Encarta Online

Encyclopedia 2005. 24 May 2005. <http://encarta.msn.com>. “Stokely Carmichael.” 26 May 2005.

<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcarmichael.htm>. “Black History.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. 26 May 2005.

<http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/subjects/bio.do>. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1996. CD-ROM.

Bibliography, cont. “History of SNCC.” 2000. 1 June 2005.

<http://www.ncsu.edu/chass/mds/sncchist.html>. “Sit Ins.” 22 June 1998. 31 May 2005.

<http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/sit-ins.html>.