CIVIL RIGHTS TEST REVIEW PACKET

During the 1950’s and 1960s the Civil Rights movement got a boost in energy after the experience of African Americans during WWII and the legal action taken by the NAACP

ORIGINS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

President Truman issued an executive order which integrated the US Military and the federal government

INTEGRATION ON US FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Jackie Robinson was the fi rst African American major league baseball player. He joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 and won Rookie of the Year

JACKIE ROBINSON

Brown v. Board of Education ruled that “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

This forced public schools across the US to integrate

BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1954

Supreme Court cases such as Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education show how the Supreme Court helps to determine public policy.

Brown v. Board of Education

BROWN V BOARD OF EDUCATION

Plessy v. Ferguson

After Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 many southern states requested exemption. During the Brown II case in 1955 the Supreme Court ruled that integration take place “with all deliberate speed”

This did not set an exact date that schools had to be integrated by so some schools moved as slowly as possible

BROWN II, 1955

MLK emerged as a Civil Rights leaders after he helped led the Montgomery Bus Boycott

MARTIN LUTHER LING, JR.

After the success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott Martin Luther King, Jr. founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) started out led by young adults especially college students

They were the primary group that staged “sit-ins” to desegregate lunch counters and department stores

STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COMMITTEE

MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail was in response to a letter printed in the New York Times.

MLK wrote about how Civil Rights could not wait any longer

“For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’ It rings out in the ear of every negro with piercing familiarity. This “Wait’ has almost always meant ‘Never.’”

MLK – LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL

Children also marched in Birmingham in 1963, when they were injured it was broadcasted on TV and the world was outraged this caused sympathy for the movement

CHILDREN CRUSADERS

Freedom Riders fought segregation along the interstates. The traveled from the north to the south with whites in the front and blacks in the back.

They brought about a federal ban on segregation in all interstate travel

FREEDOM RIDERS

“Image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics”

First Presidential Debate that was on TV

KENNEDY-NIXON TV DEBATE

The March on Washington involved over 200,000 black and white people and was to support JFK’s proposed civil rights bill, jobs and freedom

MARCH ON WASHINGTON, 1963

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender in employment and in public accommodations

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 got rid of literacy test and allowed federal help to register voters

This worked to end the last of the Jim Crow laws in the south all make sure that all African Americans had the opportunity to vote

VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965

Mid 1960’s black radicals challenged mainstream civil rights leaders and groups with the rise of black nationalism/black pride and the growing frustrations with continuing problems

CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT CHANGES

Malcom X pushed for black separatism and armed self defense “ballots or bullets”

MALCOLM X

Black Power groups decided to “fight fi re with fi re” or respond to violence with violence

BLACK POWER

In 1966 the Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee had a new leaders, Stokely Carmichael. He started a slogan, “We shall overrun”

SNCC

Police offi cers questioned Ernesto Miranda without informing him of his rights against self-incrimination and right to an attorney – this violated his 5 th and 6 th Amendment rights

MIRANDA V. ARIZONA

Presidents Johnson Great Society programs were designed to help the disadvantaged in the US

GREAT SOCIETY PROGRAMS

Medicare was one of the great society programs – it was designed to help give healthcare to the elder in the US 65 and older

GREAT SOCIETY PROGRAMS