CIVIL RIGHTS

NAACPFounded by: WEB DuBois

Brought Brown v. Board of

Education to

Supreme Court

URBAN LEAGUE

• Set up to give help to southern blacks who moved to northern cities

• Tried to improve working & living conditions

SCLC

• Formed by a group of black ministers, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

• Used non-violent direction actions

SNCC

CORE

Organized the sit-ins & boycotts

of the early

1960’s.

BLACK MUSLIMS

BLACK PANTHERS

Most RADICAL group

JACKIE ROBINSON

School Segregation

- The first day of desegregation, on Sept. 8, 1954, at Fort Myer Elementary School in Fort Myer, Va.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Parents of 8 yr. old Linda Brown charged the BOE of Topeka, Kansas for denying her admission to all all-white elementary school 4 blocks away (black school was 21 blocks)

S.Court ended segregation in schoolsOverturned Plessy v. Ferguson

1955Interstate Commerce Commission bans

racial segregation on interstate buses & trains

Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on bus

1956Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. organizes a

boycott of buses in response to Rosa Parks incident

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPTNKtRJsXU

Little Rock Nine - 1957Supremacy Clause

http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/central-high-school-integration

1961 – Freedom Riders

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAyfoyfLsnQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FranrEa8vg

1963MLK Jr. says his famous “I

have a dream speech”Kennedy assassinatedBirmingham Church Bombings

Lee Harvey Oswald

196424th Amendment passed

Bans the use of the poll taxThe Great Society is put into motion

(LBJ’s War of Poverty & Discrimination)

1965Malcolm X is assassinated by

Black Muslim Thomas Hagan

Voting Rights Act is passedReduced residency requirements

Assistance in registering to voteEnded literacy testsBanned poll taxes

1967MLK Jr. calls for a campaign of massive

civil disobedienceBlack Panthers & black power

1968MLK Jr. assassinated April 4th Race riots erupt in cities over country

Civil Rights Act of 1968Ended discrimination in public placesEnded discrimination in rentingMore pressure for political integrationStopped discrimination in schoolsStopped discrimination in employment

De facto segregation

Segregation that exists by practice & custom

De jure segregation

• Segregation by law

Types of Segregation

Affirmative ActionMaking special efforts to hire or enroll

groups that have suffered discrimination

Bakke v. the Regents of the University of California (1978)

Bakke WON!The Supreme Court ruled that a

university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process is unconstitutional;

Affirmative action CAN be used to accept more minority applicants. 

Women’s rights movement

Feminism

Belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men

Betty Friedan

Wrote the Feminine MystiqueQuestioned traditional assumptions

Women are happier @ homeWomen are the weaker sex

National Organization for WomenGoals for this organization included

Equal pay for equal workDay care centers for children with

working momsBanned discriminatory practices in

hiring, firing and promotionsSupported black rights and drew from

their experiences

Equal Rights Amendment

Would guarantee that both men & women would enjoy the same rights

Title IX

Gave female college athletes the right to the same financial support as male athletes

Roe v. WadeRuled that a women’s right to terminate

a pregnancy is constitutionally protected

Women have the right to privacy; states can only limit abortion after the six month of pregnancy

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q5AgCzPIuA

Glass CeilingIn the business world, women can

see the top but never attain itWomen earn of average earn 77 cents

for every dollar a man earns

NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS

Termination Policy – 1953 Federal government announced that

it would give up its responsibility for Native American tribes

EPIC FAIL!

American Indian MovementA frequently militant organization that

was formed to work for Native American rights

Native American VictoriesIndian Education Gave tribes greater control over

their own affairs & their children’s education

Won land back w/ old treatiesEstablished casinosReservation gambling by 2000 was

a $10 billion a year industry

LATINO RIGHTS

The 1960’sCeasar Chavez organized the United

Farm Workers Wanted “bread & butter” goals for

farm workersUsed non-violence (boycotts)Inspired the “brown power” movement

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns5NMHTk-yY 

INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES

The Rehabilitation Act

Federal gov’t gives money to states to offer vocational training

Buildings need to be up to code and handicap accessible

Education for All Handicapped Children Act

Public schools receiving federal money are required to create IEP’S for students with learning disabilities

CRIMINAL RIGHTS

Mapp v. Ohio – 1961

What was the defendant’s argument?Violated her 4th Amendment rights against

search & seizure.

What was the issue for the court?Was the search of Mapp’s and evidence

collected admissible in court?

What was the decision?Mapp Won! Police must present a search

warrant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-9LR7I7ncI

Engle v. VitaleWhat was the defendant’s argument?Violated the 1st Amendment right against

freedom of religion.

What was the issue for the court?Whether school-sponsored

nondenominational prayer in public schools violates the 1st Amendment?

What was the decision?School-sponsored prayer violates the 1st

Amendment.

Gideon v. Wainwright

What was the defendant’s argument?Violated the 6th Amendment of right to a

lawyer.

What was the issue for the court?Should lawyers be provided in ALL cases?

What was the decision?Gideon won! People have the right to an

attorney in all cases.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrcTqx3t8Gg

Miranda v. Arizona

What was the defendant’s argument?He was not informed of his rights; remain

silent.

What was the issue for the court?Was a confession admissible if it was obtained

without warnings against self-incrimination?

What was the decision?Miranda won and led to the Miranda warnings

issued by the police.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T45aF1NLMyM

Crash Course 1960’s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38