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CivilCivil
protectionprotection
vs.vs.
EarthquakeEarthquake
EngineeringEngineering andand
SeismologicalSeismological
ResearchResearch
Mauro DolceMauro DolceDirector of the Seismic Risk and PostDirector of the Seismic Risk and Post--Emergency Office, Emergency Office,
National Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyNational Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, FederProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, Federico IIico II
14° World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Beijing, October 12-18, 2008
Keynote
speech
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
Reasons for CP – research connection
•
Reaching scientific consensus on evaluations that imply wide uncertainties;
•
Optimising the resource allocation for risk mitigation; •
Making precise and rapid forecasting, for fast and effective emergency actions;
•
Making effective search and rescue operations;•
Optimising resources and actions for emergency overcoming.
From the CP viewpoint, good reasons for a strong connection between research and CP are related to:
Positive implications for the scientific community, apart from getting funds for research activities are:
1. the clear finalisation of the research activities, 2. the enlargement, rather than the limitation, of the
investigation perspectives, too often otherwise finalised to the achievement of academic advancements.
3. the ethical value of a research with direct and positive social implications.
Reasons for CP – research connection
A strong link between CP and scientific community had already been developed after the 1976 Friuli earthquake, continuing until 2002. These projects involved the whole scientific community: both seismological and earthquake engineering research programmes were funded. A strong impulse was thus given to these research areas. A new stronger connection
and integration
between
CP
and research
started
in 2004, with
a new organization of the relationships
between
the ICPD and the scientific
community.
Previous experience
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
MandateMandateThe National Civil Protection System aims at The National Civil Protection System aims at safeguarding human life and health, goods, safeguarding human life and health, goods, national heritage, human settlements and the national heritage, human settlements and the environment from all natural or manenvironment from all natural or man--made made disasters.disasters.
It deals with:It deals with:
-- Forecasting and WarningForecasting and Warning-- Prevention and MitigationPrevention and Mitigation-- Rescue and Assistance Rescue and Assistance -- Emergency overcomingEmergency overcoming
PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL
OF MINISTERS
National Fire-
fighters CorpsPolicePrefectures
I.N.G.V.C.N.R.National Institutes
118
Revenue Guard CorpsArmyNavyAir ForceCarabinieri
TERNA
Costal GuardANASNational Highway National Railway
State Forest Corps
ISPRA
Interior
Economy and Finance
Foreign Affairs
Environment
University and Research
Infrastructures
Defence
Agricultural Policy and Forestry
Communications
Economic Development
Health
Cultural Heritage
Regions
Provinces
Municipalities
Transportation
Public Education
THE NATIONAL CIVIL THE NATIONAL CIVIL PROTECTION SYSTEMPROTECTION SYSTEM
Department of Civil
Protection
National Fire Brigades
Army Air Force
Navy
Police
Regions and Local Autonomies
Italian Red
Cross
State Corps of Forest
Agency for environment protection
National Institute for geophysics
and volcanology
Alpine Rescue Corps
National health system
National Research Council
Volunteers organisations
Head of Civil Protection
An Operational Committeeis set up within the Department of Civil Protection to ensure a unified direction and coordination of emergency management
Dams Agency
Agency for road maintenance
HighwayTrains
Postmaster
Railway
Electricity management
agencies
Monitoring forecast
team
Telecommunications companies
Italian Television
Agency for flight control
Servizio di segreteria particolare
Servizio Ispettivo
Servizio di segreteria tecnica ed incarichi
speciali
Consigliere giuridico Nucleo operativo
(DL 245/2005) Nucleo operativo(DL 245/2005)
Servizio stampa ed informazione
Capo del DipartimentoCapo del Dipartimento
Consulente Dirigente Generale
Consulente Dirigente Generale
Vice Capo del DipartimentoVice Capo del Dipartimento
Servizio del Contenzioso
Servizio controllo interno
Ufficio IPrevisione, valutazione,
prevenzione e mitigazione dei rischi naturali
Per la Rete dei Centri
funzionali e per i presidi territoriali
Rischio vulcanico
Rischio idro- geologico, idraulico,
idrico, marittimo e
costiero
Rischio incendi boschivi
Per la vigilanza e la
previsione meteorologica
Ufficio II Previsione, valutazione,
prevenzione e mitigazione dei rischi antropici
Rischio sanitario
Rischio ambientale
Salvaguardia dei beni culturali
Rischio industriale, energetico,
nucleare e dei trasporti
Tecnico logistico e gestione dei materiali e dei
mezzi
Ufficio IIIValutazione,
prevenzione e mitigazione del
rischio sismico e attività ed opere post-emergenza
Valutazione del rischio sismico, sviluppo della conoscenza e della ricerca
sismica
Valutazione della
vulnerabilità e normativa
tecnica
Gestione degli eventi,
formazione tecnica e
divulgazione della
conoscenza
Monitoraggio del territorio e la gestione delle banche dati
Attività ed opere post- emergenza,
coordinamento dei comitati di
rientro, sicurezza
Ufficio IVGestione delle
emergenze
Metodologie, procedure e
pianificazione di emergenza
Gestione delle emergenze e unità di crisi
Coordinamento della Sala
Situazione Italia e monitoraggio
del territorio (SI.STE.MA) ed
emergenze marittime (COEMM)
Ufficio VRisorse
tecnologiche, ricerca e
innovazione
Sviluppo dei sistemi
informativi e cartografia
Telecomuni_cazioni
Studi, ricerche e analisi
statistiche
Monitoraggio degli interventi e innovazione organizzativa
Ufficio VIVolontariato,
relazioni istituzionali e internazionali
Volontariato
Relazioni internazionali
Rapporti con le autonomie e gli
enti locali
Ufficio VIIGrandi eventi, formazione e
cultura di protezione
civile
Pianificazione e gestione grandi
eventi
Comunicazione, sviluppo
conoscenze e gestione dei
rapporti con il servizio civile
Formazione del personale e dei livelli territoriali
competenti
Gestione della Rete Radio Nazionale
Ufficio VIIIBilancio e
risorse umane
Gestione ed organizzazio
ne del personale
Politiche contrattuali
Affari amministrativi, benemerenze e
speciali elargizioni
Affari finanziari
Relazioni con il pubblico
e segreteria organi
collegiali
Ufficio IXAttività
aeronautica
Coordina- mento aereo
unificato
Sicurezza del volo,
addestramento del personale navigante e
vigilanza delle attività aeree dipartimentali
Tecnico- amministrativo-
contrattuale della flotta
aerea
ORGANIGRAMMA del DIPARTIMENTO DELL PROTEZIONE CIVILE -
decreto PCM 23 ottobre 2006 pubblicato nella G.U. del 24 novembre 2006
ForecastingM
itigationN
ATU
RAL RISKS
ForecastingM
itigationA
NTRO
PIC RISKS
EvaluationM
itigationSEISM
IC RISK
EMERGEN
CY MA
NA
GEMEN
T
TechnologicalResourcesand IN
NO
VATIO
N
VOLU
NTEERS and internationalrelationships
MA
JOR EVEN
TS, Training and C.P. Culture
AD
IMIN
ISTRATIO
N and H
uman
Resources
AERO
NA
UTICS A
ctivitiesHEAD
Emergency management Training and Education Emergency management Training and Education
Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management
Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management
Monitoring systemsMonitoring systems
Office III – Evaluation, Prevention and MItigation of Seismic Risk
Seismic Risk Assessment Functional Centre -
SRS
Competence
Centres for
Seismic
Risk:
RELUISEUCENTRE
INGV
NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEMThe National warning system is provided by DPC and
Regions by:•
“Functional Centres”
(Centre for Forecasting and
Surveillance of Effects -
CFSE) CFES’s
collect, elaborate and exchange every kind of data to provide a multiple support system for decisions.
•
“Competence Centres”
(Centre for Technological and Scientific services, development and transfer -
CTS)
CTS’s
are institutions which provide services, information,data, elaborations, technical and scientific contributions for specific topics to share the best practices in risk assessment and management.
INGVINGV
RANRAN
TechnicalTechnicalTeamsTeams
Seismometric network ground
motion
parameters
(event
localization, magnitudo) to
start SIGE
Macroseismic survey
Damage survey and safety assessment
SIGESIGE
Expected structural damageExpected number of casualties
Economic loss evaluation
1 2
6
5 4
1 3
9
7
1 01 1
1
23
1 4
8
OSSOSS
Strong motion networkStrong motion
data to
produce shake maps
Structure monitoring system network for damage evaluation
THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE AND OF THE RELATED COMPETENCE CENTRES AR E MONITORED AND SYNTHESISED IN THE FUNCTIONAL CENTRE TO SUPPORT DECISIONS DURING THE THREE PHASES
FUNCTIONAL CENTRE – SEISMIC RISK SECTOR
COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC
•
INGV (Seismic
surveillance, Seismological
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
•
ReLUIS (Earthquake
engineering
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
•
EUCENTRE (Earthquake
engineering
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
Three phases
are envisaged
during
in which
the Civil Protection
must
operate effectively, with
the capability
of managing
each
phase
for
the specific
needs:
• PHASE 1 –
PRE-EVENT (PEACE TIME) • PHASE 2 –
EVENT (EMERGENCY)
• PHASE 3 –
POST-EVENT (RECOVERING)
PHASES, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES
When: always, but
less
intensively
when
some event
occurs
Objectives:Reduction
of the seismic
risk
through:
−
Improvement
of the antiseismic
standard of new constructions, infrastructures
and plants.
−
Reduction
of the vulnerability
of existing
modern
and historical
structures, infrastructure
and plants.
−
Razionalisation
of the use
of the territory
and redistribution
in relation to
the basic seismicity, the
local
amplification
and the coseismic
effects.−
Preparation
of phases
2 and 3 activities
−
Improvement
of the population
awareness
and preparedness
to
seismic
events
PHASE 1: PRE – EVENT (PEACE TIME)
When: at the occurrence
of an
earthquake, from
the time of the event
up to
some weeks
or months
after (depending
on the intensity).
Objectives:Rapid
collection
of information on the event, including
all
seismological, engineering, economical
and social issues, in order
to: - optimise
emergency
operations,
- plan the re-construction
actions, - generally
improve
knowledge
- promote
research
activities.
PHASE 2: EVENT (EMERGENCY)
When:after an
earthquake, from
some days
up to
some months
after
the event.
Objectives:Setting
up and monitoring
the re-construction
activities
for
an
effective
management aimed
to: -
limit
the population
disease
(recovering
time),
-
optimise
fund
allocation
and distribution
for
the reconstruction.
PHASE 3: POST- EVENT (RECOVERING)
SEISMIC PREVENTION
Significant innovation and action programs for seismic risk reduction are usually introduced just after destructive earthquakes, when society is devastated and the risk is highly perceived.
31st of october 2002: San Giuliano EarthquakeOrdinanceOrdinance PCM n. 3274PCM n. 3274 -- 20 march 200320 march 2003First First elementselements on general on general criteriacriteria forfor the the seismicseismic classificationclassification of the National of the National TerritoryTerritory and and TechnicalTechnical normsnorms forfor the the structuresstructures in in seismicseismic areasareas
Immediate and Immediate and integratedintegrated responseresponse toto the the needsneeds of of updatingupdating twotwo fundamentalfundamental normative normative toolstools forfor seismicseismic riskrisk mitigationmitigation and introduce a new one and introduce a new one forfor existingexisting constructionsconstructions: :
1.1. SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION 70% of the 70% of the territoryterritory in in mediummedium--toto--highhigh seismicity seismicity areasareas (vs. (vs. previousprevious 45%)45%)
2.2. SEISMIC CODE SEISMIC CODE new new standardsstandards harmonisedharmonised withwith EC8EC8
3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public buildingsbuildings and and infrastructuresinfrastructures
SEISMIC PREVENTION
1908 After Messina earthquake (83,000 cas., Ms=7.3) the first seismic zonation and building seismic code were issued. 1980 Irpinia earthquake (3000 casualties, Ms= 6.9): a new zonation based on a consistent probabilistic approach was enforced,
19091909 19751975 19811981--8484
SEISMIC ZONATION AND SEISMIC CODES IN ITALY
1984
New seismic zoningand building code
2003
Working group set up by the Civil Protection Department
NSS processing 2003
high seismicity
middle seismicity
low seismicity
very low seismicity
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ZONING
SEISMIC ITALIAN CODES
Until 2003 the Italian seismic code remained unclear in its basic scopes.
A behavior factor of about 4-6 was implicitly assumed for most structural types, without enforcing adequate detailing.
The ductility concept was not explicitly reported in the code.
Few information was given about assessing, upgrading or retrofitting existing buildings
Seismic action expressed by elastic response spectra with defined probability of exceedance; Effects of soil amplification;Expected performances of the structure;Influence of structure characteristics, like geometry, regularity and constructive rules, on ductility;Influence of ductility on the design action;Rules to consider fragile and ductile components;
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC CODE
Rules of capacity design;Seismic isolation and energy dissipation;Both linear and non linear analysis allowed;Proper attention devoted to existing buildings.
The recognition
of the safety
state of important
structures
has
been
started to
be
concluded
in 5 years
(art.2 comma 3 OPCM 3274/2003) deadline
recently extended to 2010
1) Buildings and infrastructural contructions of strategical importance, whose operability during and after seismic events is fundamental the civil protection scopes.
MUNICIPIO
2) Buildings and infrastructural constructions which can assume great importance in relation to the consequences of their collapse
Headquarters
Town halls, Hospitals
Churches
Schools
Bridges
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ASSESSMENT
ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
75.000 buildings, 35.000 of which in zones 1 and 2
Zona sismica (2003) 1 2 3 4
Aliquota di popolazione. 5.3% 35.4% 25.7% 33.6%
Destinazione d’uso (Volumi stimati (milioni di m3))
Istruzione 20.5 130.0 94.9 123.6
Civile 9.4 49.8 36.8 47.4
Sanità 4.9 24.9 18.5 23.8
Infrastructures and lifelines, commercial and industrial buildings should be added to the above estimates
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ASSESSMENT
Seismic zonePopulation
Education
Public HealthCivil use
Use (Volume millions of m3)
Almost 7000 seismic safety verifications and more than 200 retrofitting interventions have been funded until now, since 2004.
Though significant, these figures represent only a small part of the strategic and relevant constructions potentially involved in this process.
About 42.000 public schools exist in Italy and their retrofitting costs are of the order of several
billions of euros. An initial program has been funded with about 500 million euros to upgrade
or retrofit the most risky schools.
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ASSESSMENT
DPC and Regions created a Working Group with the to produce Guidelines for Seismic Microzonation in:
•
Urban planning,•
Emergency planning
•
Seismic design
Modular approach:
•
level 1 homogeneous microzones
(qualitative), •
level 2 “ “ (quantitative)
•
level 3 level 2 + local in depth investigations
Synthesis and exploitation of the experiences
IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: MICROZONATION GUIDELINES
“Building a culture of prevention is not easy.
While the costs of prevention have to be paid in the present, its benefits lie in a distant future. Moreover, the benefits are not tangible;
THEY ARE THE DISASTERS THAT DID NOT HAPPEN. "
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: "Introduction to Secretary-General's Annual Report on the Work of the Organization of United Nations, 1999" (document A/54/1)
SEISMIC PREVENTION :
AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS
STUDIES AND TRAINING
Awareness Campaigns
Informing people on risk and prevention, by describing the behaviour to adopt in case of earthquake.
INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
1915 Avezzano1915 Avezzano
1930 Alta Irpinia1930 Alta Irpinia
1883 Ischia1883 Ischia
Recovering historic memory1919 Mugello1919 Mugello
Historical research on the strongest Italian earthquakes
INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
Education to risk
Divulgation tools on earthquake, seismic risk and prevention (books, multimedia, leaflets, exhibitions)
INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
Edurisk Project (DPC-INGV)
4 – 7 years
8 – 10 anni
11 – 13 yearsFor primary and secondary school
INFORMATION ACTIVITIES
FOLIGNO FOLIGNO 26 26 SeptemberSeptember 20072007
TRAVELING EXHIBITIONEARTHQUAKES OF ITALY
MESSINA MESSINA 28 28 DecemberDecember
20082008
SEISMIC SIMULATORS
E' un improvviso e rapido scuotimento della crosta terrestre provocato dai movimenti delle zolle o placche in cui è suddiviso l'involucro esterno
della Terra (litosfera).
Cosa è una scossa di terremoto ?
Quando lo sforzo a cui sono sottoposte le rocce, a seguito dei movimenti delle zolle, supera il loro limite di resistenza, esse si rompono lungo superfici chiamate faglie. L'energia accumulata, prima della rottura, si libera sotto forma di onde sismiche che si propagano in tutte le direzioni dalla zona origine, in profondità, fino sulla superficie (come quando si lancia un sasso nello stagno). Il terremoto, come l'attività vulcanica, e' la manifestazione della continua trasformazione ed evoluzione del nostro pianeta.
Faglia diretta
Faglia inversa
Faglia trascorrenteIpocentro
Epicentro
LARGE SCREEN WITH SCIENTIFIC HINTS
SEISMIC DEVICE EXHIBITION
OLD FILMS ON PAST EARTHQUAKES
COVERS OF OLD MAGAZINES
FIRST PAGE OF NEWSPAPERS
SEISMIC MONITORING DEMOS
LABORATORY FOR CHILDREN
MODERN ART MASTERPIECES
“After all, it is not the Nature that has piled up twenty thousand houses of six- seven stories there ”
(J.J. Rousseau, 1756 after the earthquake of Lisbon)
APHORISMS AND POSTCARDS
SIMULATION EXERCISE: EUROSOT October 13-14, 2005
European exercise on a strong earthquake in Italy, involving five countries.
Scope: testing the capacity of the Italian and European civil protection systems.
Scenario earthquake: Magnitude 6.8, South-Eastern Sicily (where a 7.4 Eq occurred in 1693)
Two working areas:Seismic Working AreaIndustrial Working Area Seismic Hazard map 2004
PARTICIPATION OF USAR TEAMS AND EXPERTS
France
15 units
–
2 K9
Greece
14 units
-
1 K9
Portugal
15 units
-
3 K9
Sweden
20 units
-
2 K9 -
military
aircraft
United
Kingdom
16 units
Cyprus
Latvia
Belgium
Austria The Netherlands
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Poland
Finland
Hungary
Germany
Estonia
Jordan
Morocco
Palestine
Lebanon
Tunisia
Syria
Algeria
Turkey
Egypt
INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS FROM 22 COUNTRIES
Russian
Federation
TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE EVENT AND POST-EVENT PHASE
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing seismometric network data (INGV)
15’60’
SIMULATED SIMULATED DAMAGE DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building strategic building accelerometricaccelerometric datadata
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTSCOSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Site evaluation of MercalliMercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefactionsurface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURESAND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometricaccelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systemsstructure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
About 300 stations send data in real time to the INGV-DPC Seismic Monitoring Centre
Multisensor Station: Broad Band Seismometer + Accelerometer + GPS
REAL TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING SYSTEM INGV-DPC
Example M 4.0First locations after 30”Final after 120-200”ML based on 159 channels
Information to DPC in 2’ max
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data (INGV)
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTSCOSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Site evaluation of MercalliMercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefactionsurface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURESAND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometricaccelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systemsstructure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
In case of an earthquake, of magnitude 4 or more, an automatic procedure is immediately activated by DPC to produce data, maps, and information concerning:
–
Description of the area (anthropic, physical and administrative aspects; characteristics of buildings and infrastructures; monitoring networks)
–
Vulnerability (building stock, schools, hospitals)–
Hazard (seismogenic
zones, catalogue,
isoseismals, attenuation)–
Preliminary evaluation of damage and losses
SIGE - Information System for Emergency Management and simulated scenarios
Maps and reports
ING seism. network
SIGE
DPC
Emergency Management
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS
SummarySummary
report report forfor
the the evaluationevaluation
of the impact of the of the impact of the earthquakeearthquake, , usedused
toto
activateactivate
differentdifferent
levelslevels
of of ““alarmalarm””, , accordingaccording
toto
the the expectedexpected
seismicseismic
damagedamage
rankedranked
in a 0in a 0--5 scale.5 scale.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS
Definitions in a seismic emergency scale Effects Actions Involved subjects
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions,Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTSCOSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Site evaluation of MercalliMercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefactionsurface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURESAND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometricaccelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systemsstructure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
typical typical arrangement arrangement of a stationof a station
213 213 digital stations connected via GPRS/GSMdigital stations connected via GPRS/GSM
1111
remote digital stationsremote digital stations
130130
scheduled digital stations scheduled digital stations (within 2008)(within 2008)
119119
analogicanalogic
stations are not includedstations are not included in the mapin the map
In the near
future: 570 (20 km grid) digital
stations
connected
in real time
DPC – STRONG MOTION NETWORK (RAN)
A permanent monitoring network in selected strategic constructions measures their seismic vibrations, in order to detect their earthquake – induced damage.
Central Unit in the DPC headquarters
Remote Unit informs Central Unit
Data Processing Damage Assessment
Sensorson the ground
Central Unit recovers recorded data
Remote
Unit
USE Schools Hospitals Town Hall Others
% 51 21 20 8
TYPE OF STRUCTURE
R/C buildings
Masonry buildings Bridges
% 65 25 10
DPC - SEISMIC OBSERVATORY OF STRUCTURES (OSS)
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURESAND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometricaccelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systemsstructure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the most affected areasmost affected areas
Macroseismic
map of the Molise earthquake (October 31, 2002, with an Mw 5.7 shock).
The earthquake affected an area of about 1700 Kmq
with a
population of 370,000
MACROSEISMIC SURVEY (QUEST)
Technical teams carry out surveys aimed at recognising, mapping and evaluating earthquake effects on the natural environment:•
landslides
•
surface faulting and fracturing•
soil liquefactions
Retaining wall failureUmbria-Marche, Italy, 1997
Surface faulting Irpinia, Italy, 1980
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
Portable instrument (mobile network)
In order to increase the amount of strong motion data during the aftershocks, a mobile strong motion network is installed in the epicentral area
TEMPORARY STRONG MOTION MONITORING
GSM – serv.SMS
Serial Serial ModemModem
GPSGPS
Acceleration PEAKS
ACCELEROGRAMS
GSM – serv.SMS
roofing floor
surrounding land BUILDING
master
slaveslave
visual contact
Typical sensor layout for temporary monitoring of buildings
The upper floor is monitored with two radio-linked biaxial sensors. A triaxial is added in the surrounding land.
Elaborations are made in local mode and immediately transmitted.
TEMPORARY MONITORING OF STRUCTURES
To keep under control some fundamental strategic buildings in the affected area (hospitals, etc.) and detect any damage due to aftershocks, 10 monitoring systems are installed after an earthquake
LESE
Epicentral
area
Specialized teams measure crustal deformations associated to large magnitude seismic events, by comparing coordinates and inferring the coseismic deformation field, if GPS data before the event are available. Units from different institutions are coordinated.
GPS measurements for Molise 2002 earthquake.
GEODETIC SURVEY
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and usability assessment.Temporary houses.
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
USABILITYPost-earthquake usability evaluation is a quick and temporarily limited assessment, based on expert judgement of specially trained technical teams, on visual screening and on easily collected data, aimed to detect if, during the current seismic crisis, damaged buildings can be used, being reasonably safeguarded the human life.
A) USABLE Building can be used without measures. Small damage, but negligible risk for human life.
B) USABLE WITH COUNTERMEASURES
Building is damaged, but can be used when short term countermeasures are taken
C) PARTIALLY USABLE Only a part of the building can be safely used
D) TEMPORARILY UNUSABLE
Building to be re-inspected. Unusable until the new inspection.
E) UNUSABLE Building can not be used due to high structural, non structural or geotechnical risk for human life. Not necessarily imminent risk of total collapse.
F) UNUSABLE FOREXTERNAL RISK
Building could be used, but it cannot due the high risk caused by external factors (heavy damaged adjacent or facing buildings, possible rock falls, etc.)
POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT
MayorMayor
Damage survey and safety assessment procedure PROCEDURE
1. citizen ask Mayor for survey
2. Mayor gathers the requests and transmits to the Operative Center
3. Operative Center (OC) sends technical teams
4. technicians assess damage & safety, report to Mayor and OC
5. Mayor decides on building evacuation and provisional intervention
Citizens’ request Citizens’ request
O.C.O.C. TeamsTeams
SurveySurvey
Assessment resultAssessment result
STRATEGIC BUILDINGS
City Hall
CHURCHES & MONUMENTSHOUSES
1
2 3
4
5
POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT
2’5’
EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION
Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV
15’60’
SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS
Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data
6 h 150 h
SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS
Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction
6 h 3 m
TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES
Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems
24 h 6 m
POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT
Building inspections for damage and usability assessment.Temporary houses.
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
POST-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES
S. GIULIANO DI PUGLIA - 2002INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY PREFABRICATED TIMBER HOUSES
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC
•
INGV (Seismic
surveillance, Seismological
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
•
ReLUIS (Earthquake
engineering
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
•
EUCENTRE (Earthquake
engineering
research
projects,
Emergency
technical
support)
In the past
three
years, DPC research
funds
amounted
to
about
10 M€
/ year
Project S1 Project S1 –– SeismicSeismic hazardhazard mapsmaps
Project S2 Project S2 –– SeismogenicSeismogenic potentialpotential
Project S3 Project S3 –– EarthquakeEarthquake ScenariosScenarios
Project S4 Project S4 –– ShakemapsShakemaps
DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2007
Project S5 Project S5 –– DisplacementDisplacement
spectraspectra
Project S6 Project S6 –– Strong Strong MotionMotion DataBaseDataBase
Project SV Project SV –– Educational Educational pathspaths
forfor seismicseismic and and volcanicvolcanic riskrisk
DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2006
39% T100 22% T200
5% T975 2% T247510% T475
63% T50
DPC-INGV–S1 Project 2004-06 ag for different probabilities (Treturn)M. Dolce
Tr = 475 anni Mediana
HazardHazard through through spectralspectral ordinatesordinates
Project Project DPCDPC--INGVINGV––S1 S1 20042004--0606
T=0.3s
T=0.75s
T=1.5sM. Dolce
ag, Fo and T*C values are drawn
from
response
spectra
of Project DPC- INGV-S1.
The elastic spectral shape is
the same
as
EC8 and minimises
the differences
with
respect
to
the uniform
probability spectra
for
several
exceedance
probabilities in 50 years.
Spettro di risposta 10%/50 anni ID 20979 (43.585, 13.49)
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0 0,5 1 1,5 2
T (sec)
Se(T
) (g)
50 percentile84 percentile
16 percentileNTC 08
aagg
aagg FF00
T*T*CC
TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS --200820083.3. Design Design actionsactions
M. Dolce
Map of spectral displacement at 2 s, for 475 years return period and stiff soil(project DPC-INGV-S5)
16 percentile 50 percentile 84 percentile
The 2007-2009 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) includes 5 Projects in Seismology funded by DPC with € 5 250 000 in two years. They are carried out with the contribution of the national and international scientific community.
2007-2009 DPC-INGV Agreement
S1 Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation of the seismic hazard
Coordinators: S. Barba (INGV -
RM1) and C. Doglioni
(University of Roma "La Sapienza")DPC Tutors: D. Di Bucci and R. De Nardis
The S1 project integrates instrumental and historical seismology, earthquake geology, off-fault/marine paleoseismology, earthquake geodesy, neotectonic models, and earthquake probabilities with the aim of determining the seismic hazard.
0o 5oE 10oE 15oE 20oE 25oE
36oN
39oN
42oN
45oN
48oN
S2 Development of a dynamical model for seismic hazard assessment at national scale
Coordinators: W. Marzocchi (INGV -
BO) and E. Faccioli (Politecnico, Milano)DPC Tutors: F. Sabetta and A. Lucantoni
The main objective of this project is to design, test and apply an open- source code for seismic hazard assessment (SHA) primarily suited for the needs of CP. Basically, the code should allow:1. an easy updating of SHA, depending on the availability of new
data and models,
2. the use of different scientific “ingredients”, 3. a formal evaluation of uncertainty in SHA,4. a multi-parameter output.
S3Fast evaluation of parameters and effects of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean
Coordinators: A.Michelini
(INGV -
CNT) and A.Emolo
(Univ. of Napoli “Federico II”)DPC Tutors: R. Giuliani and F. Bramerini
Strong motionand broadband stations in Italy.
Example of shakemaps for the Mugello M4.2 earthquake, 1th March 2008, 7:43 UTC.
Aimed at getting a fast, clear and objective assessment of the impact of an earthquake on the Italian territory, through shakemaps in terms of PGA, PGV, PSA and Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI). The project addresses also the fast determination of the source parameters (earthquake hypocenter and size) and of the tsunamigenic potential for M > 6 earthquakes.
S4Italian Strong Motion Database
Coordinators: F. Pacor
(INGV -
MI) and R. Paolucci
(Politecnico, Milano)DPC Tutors: A. Gorini and A. De Sortis
New standard for site description
The new Italian strong-motion database contains 2182 three-component waveforms generated by 1004 earthquakes, with Mwmax 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake). It can be accessed on-line at the site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it. The extension of the project is promoted, to update the data set up to 2008 and improve the seismic event and recording site metadata.
S5 High resolution multi-disciplinary monitoring of active fault test-sites areas in Italy
Coordinators: L. Margheriti (INGV -
CNT) and A. Zollo
(University of Napoli "Federico II")DPC Tutors: Sandro Marcucci and Mario Nicoletti
Aimed at supporting the ongoing research on three Italian test sites where advanced monitoring geophysical networks are available or under construction.
The main general objective is to improve the understanding of earthquake generation processes in Italy and to define the seismic rates in the three selected test sites by developing and applying innovative methodologies to databanks gathered by multi-
disciplinary geophysical networks.
Università di Pavia
Eucentre
1 DOF, Large mass table:5x7 mq, 300tm, 1-1.5 m/sL-shaped reaction wall
Università della Basilicata Large reaction wall:Real Scale
Pseudodynamic Tests
ENEAUTS MAT
6 DOF:4x4 mq, 20 t, 0.5 m/s
Università di Trento
Large reaction wall:Real Scale
Pseudodynamic Tests
2 DOF, Dual table system:2 tables 3x3 mq, 20tx2,5m, 1.0 m/s
Università di Napoli
Federico II AMRA
RELUIS (Network of Eq. Engineering University Labs)
10 research projects127 Research Unitsin 40 UniversitiesMore than 1000 researchers involved
RELUIS Consortium
Project Coordination RU
Research Units
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008
MAIN RESEARCH AREAS
•
Vulnerability of Existing Structures
•
Advanced Design Criteria
•
New Technologies on Risk Mitigation
•
Emergency Management
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
PRODUCTS•
Proposals for seismic code improvement
•
Proposals for new norms•
Guide-lines for innovative approaches
•
Handbooks and codes of practice•
Advanced methods and procedures for seismic assessment and design
•
Data Bases
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
•
VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING STRUCTURES:
1.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing masonry buildings
2.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing R/C buildings
3.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing bridges
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
Seismic
behaviour
of complex buildings
Characteristics
and behaviour
of masonry
walls
Models
and analysis
methods
for masonry
buildings
MASONRY BUILDINGS
R/C CONSTRUCTIONS
•
Non-destructive methods for material characterisation
•
Calibration of confidence factors•
Irregular buildings
•
Mixed structure (masonry-R/C) buildings•
Influence of masonry infills
•
Stairs•
Beam-column joints
•
Columns under biaxal flexure•
Prefabricated structures
BRIDGES
•
Structural type classification•
Assessment methods for different types
•
Retrofitting criteria: strengthening and isolation
•
Analysis and safety evaluation of abutments, retaining structures and foudations
•
Case studies of different types of bridge
•
ADVANCED DESIGN CRITERIA:4.Development of Displacement Based Approaches
for design and vulnerability evaluation
5.Development of innovative design approaches for steel and steel-concrete structures
6.Innovative methods for the design of retaining structures and slope stability evaluation
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
DISPLACEMENT-BASED APPROACHES
•
R/C frame, wall-frame and prefabricated structures
•
Masonry, timber, steel and composite new structures
•
New and existing bridges•
Seimic isolated buildings and bridges
•
Retaining walls
Defining principles and rules for the development of a code-model for design and safety evaluation of structures, in terms of displacements.A code-model and a wide variety of case-studies will be developed for several kinds of structures:
STEEL AND COMPOSITE CONCRETE-STEEL STRUCTURES
BRACES
JOINTS
INFILLS
MEMBERS
GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS
•
Slope stability•
Deep foundations
•
Urban tunnels and deep dig•
Underground structures and tunnels
•
NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON RISK MITIGATION:
7.Technologies for seismic isolation and control of structures and infrastructures
8.Advanced materials for the reduction of the vulnerability of existing structures
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
SEISMIC ISOLATION AND CONTROL
•
Seismic isolation design and devices•
Energy dissipation
•
Tuned mass systems•
Semi-active control
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
5
10
15
20
25
ω
(rad/sec)
Magnitudo
Prima forma modaleT=1.83 secξ1
=0.0188
Seconda forma modaleT=1.64 secξ1 =0.0210
Sistema isolato(Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori)
Sistema isolato + TMD(Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori)
ADVANCED MATERIALS
•
Cyclic behavior of FRP strengthened R/C members
•
Bonding and delamination problems•
Confinement of columns and bridge piers
•
FRP strengthened beam-column joints•
FRP strengthened masonry panels
•
use of FRP in monumental structures
•
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT:9.Monitoring and early warning of strategic
structures and infrastructures
10.Definition and development of data bases for the seismic risk evaluation and the preparation of post-event damage scenarios
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING OF STRATEGIC STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES
DEVELOPMENT OF DB AND DAMAGE SCENARIOS
Ordinary buildingsStrategic buildings
Monuments
Historical centres
Emergency planning and managementUrban systems
Infrastructures
PE-1 PE-2 PE-3 PE-4 PE-5 PE-6 PE-7 PE-8 PE-9
practitioners
industry
consultants
Contracts
data
RESEARCH PROJECTS
RELUIS INGV
PRINREGIONIPRIVATI…
EUCENTRE (EUropean CENtre for Training and Research in Earthquake engineering)
•
Numerical-experimental evaluation of the seismic code provisions for existing masonry and R/C buildings
•
Priority strategies for existing buildings•
Seismic design of harbor structures
•
Strategies and activities for the seismic risk awareness•
Numerical-experimental evaluation of prefabricated structures
•
3D push-over analysis•
Experimental analysis of the behaviour of bridge bearings under seismic actions
•
Tools for the characterisation of sites and structures
DPC-EUCENTRE Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects
PROJECTS’ ISSUES
1.Premise
2. Organization of the Italian CP System
3. CP scopes and activities
4. Research projects with CP objectives
5. Conclusion
OUTLINE
CONCLUSION (1)
•
General growth of interest on EE and Seismology, •
General increase of the scientific quality of research in these fields,
Main drawbacks were:•
Inadequate finalisation of the products,
•
Some inconsistencies of the results not solved within the research groups –consensus not reached.
The long Italian experience of scientific research on seismic risk problems, finalised to CP use, results in a positive balance. Main benefits from research-CP interaction in the previous 25 years (1978-2003) period were:
CONCLUSION (2)
•
More well-structured CP-finalised research, •
Best coordination among RU’s for CP-objectives achievement,
•
Products of ready use (e.g.: spectral hazard maps, Strong Motion DB, Seismic code provisions, Guidelines, etc.),
•
Substantial increase of experimental investigations,•
Substantial increase of data exchanging and comparisons in large groups,
•
Achievement of consensus on results.
Progress achieved in the research-CP interaction in the past 5 years (2003-08) period are:
CONCLUSION (3)
•
Define suitable objectives of CP-funded research, respondent to CP needs and consistent with the state- of-the-art,
•
Set up programmes whose costs are acceptable,•
Utilise correctly the results in the general CP framework,
•
Cooperate in project developments, to better understand actual problems and find the best solutions for CP aims.
A smart interface between scientific and CP communities is necessary, in order to:
CONCLUSION (4)
•
Monitor soil and structures with mobile instrumentation, to evaluate aftershock effects,
•
survey earthquake effects on natural (landslides, liquefactions, soil fractures, etc.) and built environment (macroseismic survey, damage assessment, etc.).
In the future, a structured involvement of CTS’s
is envisaged even in the emergency phase to:
Also in post-event activities important synergies could be established between research and CP:
EARTHQUAKES REPRESENT FULL SCALE EXPERIMENTS THAT PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT AND
STIMULATING HINTS FOR SCIENTISTS.
THANKS
FOR YOUR ATTENTION